管理者要具备5种观念

管理人员需要各种不同的观念：反思的观念、分析的观念、练达的观念、合作的观念、行动的观念。这5种管理观念就是管理人员解释和应对周围世界的5种方法。每一种观念都有自己的主要对象，或者说目标。就反思而言，主要对象是自我，没有自知之明就不可能拥有洞察力；合作使对象超出了自我，     

用现代教育思想指导高等财经教育教学改革

适应建立社会主义市场经济体制的需要，进一步转变教育思想、更新教育观念，是高等财经教育深化改革、加强建设、提高质量、促进发展的认识基础和行动基础。必须树立全面适应观念，坚持整体优化观念，强化素质教育观念，确立创新教育观念，并以此指导高等财经教育教学改革。     

思想政治工作也需不断创新

观念创新 思想政治工作的主体和客体都是人，必须让观念创新走在前面。要实现观念创新，就要在工作中围绕经济建设，围绕改革与发展，树立四种观念。     

浅谈大市场营销观念对企业的实用价值

在营销观念的发展史上，曾依次出现过生产观念、推销观念、市场营销观念、社会营销观念和大市场营销观念五种具有代表性的市场观念，本文试从目前企业的实际状况，谈谈大市场营销对企业的实际应用价值。     

控制图导论

本国际标准讨论了控制图方法的关键内容和基本原理，介绍了各类控制图：休哈特控制图和重点用于过程验收或线上预报的控制图。     

网络经济时代的“深度营销”

在网络经济时代，世界上任何入网的企业和个人，正在通过网络进行资源共享、信息交流、电子邮件的互发等各种以前从来没有过的活动。网络已经深刻地改变了我们的生活方式和思维方式，而且将继续改变下去。网络经济时代的营销，更强调供需双方的互动性，信息发出和收集的一体性以及高度的透明性。深度营销作为一种全新的观念，能够有效地应对瞬息万变的市场，在供需双方之间架起互动的桥梁。 一、深度营销概念的提出 在营销观念的发展史上，曾依次出现过生产观念、产品观念、推销观念、营销观念、社会观念和大市场营销观念，这六种观念是建立…     

浅析会计观念变革

浅析会计观念变革李玲会计观念是人们对会计工作形成的观点和看法，同任何观念一样，它具有历史性，稳定性和复杂性的特征。会计观念作为社会意识形态的一种表现，它密切依附于社会存在，并反映社会存在。构成社会存在的背景因素是复杂多样的，所以，会计观念的形成根源也...     

论注册会计师执行独立审计业务中的总体观念

论注册会计师执行独立审计业务中的总体观念○山西财经学院吴秋生随着我国注册会计师执行独立审计业务的发展，信誉观念、质量观念、效率观念、风险观念等已在注册会计师思想和工作中树立起来。但有一种直接影响注册会计师审计质量和效率的观念——总体观念，至今尚未被充...     

关于Mobius梯的细分图的亲切性

一个简单图G（V，E）被称为是亲切的（Coridal），若存在映射fV（G）→（0，1），使得导出映射f^＊（u，v）→｜f（u）-f（v）1，满足｜vf（O）-vf（1）1≤1且｜Ef（0）-Ef（1）｜≤1。设G是简单图，在G的每相邻两顶点之间加入一个顶点后所得到的图称为G的细分图，文童证明了Mobius梯的细分图是亲切的。     

观念在市场竞争中的地位

很多人将市场竞争看作是产品间的竞争，实际上人们只看到了市场表面的竞争，而没有看到另一面，市场竞争的实质是产品竞争与观念竞争并存，实物和观念的竞争有其不同的特点；实物竞争表面化，观念竞争隐蔽化，实物竞争具有残酷性，观念竞争没有残酷性；实物竞争占领市场快，推动市场也快；观念竞争占领市场慢，失去市场也慢，实物竞争经济投资大，观念竞争经济投资小，在认识观念竞争在市场竞争中的地位时应该充分认识以下几个问题。     

s=4的完全多部图K_(a_1n_1,a_2n_2,…,a_sn_s)的无符号Laplace特征多项式

文中计算得到了完全多部图K(n1,n2,…,n)t=Ka1n1,a2n2,…,asns当s=4时的无符号Laplace特征多项式。     

Text Analysis for Knowledge Graphs

The concept of knowledge graphs is introduced as a method to represent the state of the art in a specific scientific discipline. Next the text analysis part in the construction of such graphs is considered. Here the ‘translation’ from text to graph takes place. The method that is used here is compared to methods used in other approaches in which texts are analysed.     

Traceable Regressions

In this paper, we define and study the concept of traceable regressions and apply it to some examples. Traceable regressions are sequences of conditional distributions in joint or single responses for which a corresponding graph captures an independence structure and represents, in addition, conditional dependences that permit the tracing of pathways of dependence. We give the properties needed for transforming these graphs and graphical criteria to decide whether a path in the graph induces a dependence. The much stronger constraints on distributions that are faithful to a graph are compared to those needed for traceable regressions.     

Statistical analysis of change in networks

A survey is given of random graphs and random graph processes which can be used to describe and analyze networks that are changing with time. Marko-vian change over time, log-linear models for change, and conditionally uniform models for change are described. It is noted that estimation is usually complex if the random graph involves dependent dyads. Models with deterministic change over time may be a way to avoid the difficulties implied by dependent dyads. Logit regression methods are described that can be used to estimate such models.     

Information visualisation based on graph models

Information visualisation is a key component of support tools for many applications in science and engineering. A graph is an abstract structure that is widely used to model information for its visualisation. In this paper, we consider practical and general graph formalism called hierarchical graphs and present the Higres and Visual Graph systems aimed at supporting information visualisation on the base of hierarchical graph models.     

The Influence of Graphic Techniques in the Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Treatment in Time-Series Design

The objective of this research was to see if the evaluation of the effectiveness of a given treatment through visual inspection depended on the type of graphs used. Three subjects were studied using 3000 graphs (1000 line, 1000 bar and 1000 box-plots), each one representing the results of an A–B design. The results indicate that the subjects committed more errors when the data were presented by line or bar graphs instead of box-plots.     

我国农产品物流网络分析与重构

本文对我国现阶段农产品物流网络结构进行系统分析,从物流场所出发,用系统模型描述了系统的状态,构建了我国现阶段的物流系统有向图,以此为工具,估算了有向图的流量及损失,分析了农产品物流损耗的影响因素。在此基础上,充分考虑农产品物流面对的各种环境,重新构建了包括逆向物流在内的降低农产品物流损耗的物流系统有向图,为提升我国农产品物流系统功能提出建议。     

Representation of Developments in Labour Market Research

A knowledge graph is a kind of semantic network representing some scientific theory. The paper describes the state of art in this field and addresses a number of problems that has not been solved yet. These are: implicit relations, strength of (causal) relations, and conditions. Concepts might be too broad or complex to be used properly, directions for solving this problem are explored. The solutions are applied to a knowledge graph in the field of labour markets.