资本账户子项目开放对企业创新的影响——基于跨国的经验证据

基于1995～2013年47个国家(地区)27842家上市公司数据,本文实证检验了资本账户子项目开放对以研发投入度量的企业创新的影响。研究表明,FDI和股票资本流入显著提高了东道国企业的研发投入,而债务资本流入则产生了负面影响。在进行了一系列稳健性检验后,上述结论均成立。研究进一步发现东道国初始经济发展水平、金融发展水平和贸易开放度的提高可以加强FDI和股票资本流入对企业研发投入的积极影响,同时抑制债务资本流入的负面效应。本文从跨国视角考察了资本账户子项目开放对东道国企业创新的影响,为理解金融开放与经济增长之间的关系提供了来自企业创新活动层面的新经验证据,也为一国加快金融开放提供了可供借鉴的理论依据。     

贸易开放和人力资本形成的非线性关系——理论和基于我国省际动态面板数据的实证研究

本文通过理论模型分析了贸易开放影响人力资本积累的两种途径:改变人力资本相对报酬和国外知识溢出,贸易开放能否促进人力资本形成取决于两种途径的相对大小。同时本文使用中国省际动态面板数据对贸易开放如何影响人力资本形成进行了实证研究,发现贸易开放和人力资本之间存在U型非线性关系,即当贸易开放度比较低时,贸易开放度的提高不利于人力资本形成;而当贸易开放度达到一定程度后,贸易开放度的提高则有利于人力资本形成。     

中国贸易开放与通货膨胀持续性关系研究

本文分别利用修正的综合贸易强度公式和卡尔曼滤波方法估计了中国改革开放以来的贸易开放度和时变的通货膨胀持续性,并在此基础上对中国贸易开放与通货膨胀持续性关系进行了实证研究。结果表明:中国贸易开放度的变化表现出明显的阶段性特征;中国的通货膨胀持续性处于不断波动的过程中,从趋势来看,中国的通货膨胀持续性呈现出不断下降的趋势;贸易开放度的提高对中国的通货膨胀持续性具有显著的负向影响。     

银行业开放与国家金融安全

本文在总结入世一年多来我国银行业对外开放新进展的基础上，从金融开放度、金融竞争度、金融冲击度三方面理论与实证分析了银行业开放对国家金融安全的影响，并就银行业开放提出相应的金融安全策略。     

金融开放测度方法与指标体系述评

作为衡量一国金融开放程度的定量化指标,金融开放度的构建或选取是研究所有金融开放问题的基础性问题。合理、有效的测度指标有助于准确把握一国金融开放的实际情况,更是后续的理论研究和实证分析的基础。本文从金融开放的名义测度和实际测度两个视角出发,追踪溯源,对国内外若干具有较大影响力的金融开放测度方法和指标体系进行了梳理。通过对其各自优缺点和适用性的探讨,本文发现,由于出发点和侧重点的不同,以及受理论、方法或数据等因素的制约,各金融开放测度指标都有其独特的适用性和不足之处,但总体而言,名义开放度指标和实际开放度指标又有其固有的内在机理和特性。针对几种主要的名义开放度指标的优缺点,本文尝试性地提出了一种指标改进方案,以期对后续研究有所启发。     

中国金融发展与外贸开放度关系实证研究

本文使用省级面板数据深入研究了我国金融发展和贸易开放度的关系，实证研究发现，在我国金融发展和贸易开放度之间存在显著的相关关系；东部地区金融发展和贸易开放度之间相关关系显著，金融发展对对外贸易的拉动作用高于全国平均水平。且金融改革促进了两者之间的相关关系；而中西部地区的金融发展和贸易开放度之间的相关关系不显著，金融中介融赍的作用在对外贸易中没有明显发挥出来；需要在不同区域应用实行不同的政策以促使金融市场发展推动贸易的开放。     

金融开放条件下贬值对贸易收支的影响

文章分别研究了封闭经济与开放经济下汇率———贸易收支理论模型 ,并对开放经济下汇率与贸易收支进行了因果性检验。分析表明 :在封闭经济下 ,汇率贬值是改善贸易收支的有效工具 ;在金融开放条件下 ,汇率变动对贸易收支的短期效应不确定 ,而长期来看 ,则没有影响。     

贸易开放、产出增长与收入结构优化——来自国家级高新区的经验证据

本文重点考察了贸易开放对我国国家级高新区产出增长与收入结构的影响,运用2007-2010年我国54个国家级高新区的面板数据,采用两阶段最小二乘法(2SLS)进行了实证分析,研究表明:与FDI的作用不同,在控制了其他影响因素后,贸易开放加剧了市场竞争,不利于高新区的产出增长;技术收入随着贸易开放度的提高而下降,高新区收入结构差距被拉大,稳健性检验结果表明该结论是可靠的。通过进一步的理论阐述,本文认为贸易的竞争挤占效应对高新区技术收入的影响较为显著,而在开放环境下高新区的收益转化作用并不明显,从某种意义上说,这并不利于高新区的发展与转型。这一结论对进一步明确我国高新区功能定位,培育企业在国际竞争下的的生存与适应能力具有尤为重要的政策含义。     

我国金融开放和贸易开放的互动渠道研究

将新贸易理论的技术效应、规模经济、产业转移一起视为我国现阶段贸易开放和金融开放的互动渠道,计量发现仅有产业转移渠道在我国的贸易开放和金融开放的互动中起到显著正向作用;规模效应仅与贸易开放有显著正向互动;技术效应则仅与贸易开放存在反向互动,亦不能担当两者互动的中介作用。基于结构向量自回归的方差分解发现产业转移在贸易开放和金融开放的方差波动的解释能力中都占据重要地位,大于技术效应和规模效益之和。     

金融开放对中国银行业绩效的影响研究

文章以中国40家具有代表性的商业银行作为研究样本,从金融业开放对商业银行绩效影响的角度进行实证分析.结果 发现,金融业开放对银行业绩效有正向的促进作用,但由于实际开放度远远不够,容易引起商业银行经营效率下降,导致法定金融开放度的促进作用大于事实开放度,并且金融开放对于国有银行经营绩效的促进作用要大于股份制商业银行和城商行.因此,应加快金融业开放进程,根据实际经济发展水平,提高事实开放度与官方承诺水平的协调性,同时要加强金融监管水平,防止发生系统性金融风险.     

政府支出与对外贸易风险规避——来自中国的经验证据

文章使用边界检验和自回归分布滞后模型等计量和时间序列方法分析了1980-2008年间我国政府支出规模与对外开放程度之间的长期影响关系和关联机制.研究结果显示:我国的政府支出规模与对外贸易开放程度之间存在显著的长期影响关系,规避由贸易条件波动而引致的对外贸易风险是二者长期影响关系的内在关联机制,这一结论与Rodrik(1998)使用截面数据方法得到的研究结论相一致.这也意味着,自1997年亚洲金融危机以来,我国所实施的积极财政政策在防范和抵御对外贸易风险过程中起到了积极的作用.     

我国外汇储备规模与经济开放度的实证研究

本文以国际收支平衡表中的经常账户和金融账户为基础,分别从实体经济层面的贸易开放度和金融层面的投资开放度来界定我国的经济开放度指标,运用两变量VAR系统方法对1982～2004年我国外汇储备规模与经济开放度指标之间的关系进行实证研究,结果显示二者具有显著的正向协整关系,相对投资开放度而言,贸易开放度对外汇储备规模具有较大的影响.     

Endogenous Financial and Trade Openness

The authors study the endogenous determination of financial and trade openness. They construct a theoretical framework leading to two-way feedbacks between financial and trade openness and identify these feedbacks empirically. They find that one standard deviation increase in commercial openness is associated with a 9.5% increase in de facto financial openness (% of GDP). Similarly, an increase in de facto financial openness has powerful effects on future trade openness. De jure restrictions on capital mobility have only a weak impact on de facto financial openness, while de jure restrictions on the current account have a large adverse effect on commercial openness. The authors investigate the relative magnitudes of these directions of causality using Geweke's (1982 ) decomposition methodology. They conclude that in an era of rapidly growing trade integration, countries cannot choose financial openness independently of their degree of openness to trade. Dealing with greater exposure to turbulence by imposing restrictions on financial flows is likely to be ineffectual.     

Openness and the Effectiveness of Monetary Policy: A Cross-country Analysis

Abstract

This paper evaluates the relationship between a country's openness to trade and the effectiveness of monetary policy in changing output growth and inflation in 29 different countries. Using quarterly data from the 1957–2003 period, empirical estimates based on individual country specifications show that the direction, significance and nature of the relationship between openness and the effectiveness of monetary policy on output growth as well as inflation vary considerably across countries.     

Threshold effect of economic openness on bank risk-taking: Evidence from emerging markets

This paper investigates the non-linear effects of two aspects of economic openness, namely, trade openness and financial openness, on banking system stability. We use a panel of 42 emerging markets from 2000 to 2014 to test whether bank risk-taking behaviour varies with the level of openness. We find that a higher degree of trade openness promotes bank stability linearly. Conversely, the non-linear effect of financial openness on bank risk-taking is evident. When the financial system is not sufficiently open, the impact of financial openness on bank stability is insignificant. However, as the domestic financial market becomes more open, financial openness can help discipline the behaviour of banks, making them more stable. We also find evidence that these effects are transmitted through the market discipline channel. Our findings highlight the importance of strengthening the domestic regulatory framework and transparency as the economy becomes more integrated.     

Openness and growth: The long shadow of the Berlin Wall

The question whether international openness causes higher domestic growth has been subject to intense discussions in the empirical growth literature. This paper addresses the issue in the context of the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989. We analyze whether the slow convergence in per capita incomes between East and West Germany and the lower international openness of East Germany are linked. We address the endogeneity of openness by adapting the methodology proposed by Frankel and Romer (1999) to a panel framework. We instrument openness with time-invariant exogenous geographic variables and time-varying exogenous policy variables. We also distinguish the impact of different channels of integration. Our paper has three main findings. First, geographic variables have a significant impact on regional openness. Second, controlling for geography, East German states are less integrated into international markets along all dimensions of integration considered. Third, the degree of openness for trade has a positive impact on regional income per capita.     

INTERACTIONS BETWEEN FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND TRADE OPENNESS

This paper empirically investigates the interaction between financial development and trade openness through simultaneous‐equation systems. The identification and estimation of the systems rely on the methodology of identification through heteroskedasticity proposed by Rigobon (2003). Using a panel consisting of 70 countries over the period 1960–2007, we find a two‐way causal relationship between financial development and trade openness. A better‐developed financial sector induces higher openness to trade, while higher openness in goods market stymies financial development. And such findings hold well for low‐income, high‐inflation, or low‐governance countries.     

Does Trade Openness Affect the Speed of Output Convergence? Some Empirical Evidence

In this paper we develop flexible techniques for measuring the speed of output convergence between countries when such convergence may be of an unknown non-linear form. We then calculate these convergence speeds for various countries, in terms of half-lives, using a time-series data-set for 88 countries. These calculations are based on both nonparametric kernel regression and ‘fuzzy’ regression, and the results are compared with more restrictive estimates based on the assumption of linear convergence. The calculated half-lives are regressed, again in various flexible ways, on cross-section data for the degree of openness to trade. We find evidence that favors the hypothesis that increased trade openness is associated with a faster rate of convergence in output between countries.     

Financial market development and trade openness: evidence from emerging economies

International trade is said to be the engine of economic growth. Despite an enormous effort to explain this phenomenon, the relationship between financial market development and trade openness and integration into the world economy is still an enigma. This article investigates the relationship between financial market development and trade openness. To do this, we develop a long-run and short-run model (a bounds testing approach to cointegration) for 18 emerging economies over the period 1980 to 2011. Estimates from all models show that financial market development, including both the stock market and the banking sector, has significant effect on trade openness in both short-run and long-run phenomena in the majority of countries. Despite many similarities among emerging economies, additional evidence suggests that the link between either stock market development or banking sector development with trade openness works via each country’s specific structure.