生产要素模块化定文下企业的性质

科斯(1937)在<企业的性质>中运用交易费用这一基本的分析工具对企业的本质进行了详细的研究.其后,张五常、威廉姆森等在科斯研究的基础上,从不同的角度对企业的性质做出了新的解释,他们的研究对于企业本质的认识具有重要的意义.但科斯、张五常以及威廉姆森等对企业性质的研究,是以当时的企业特征为视角的.随着经济的不断发展,企业的特征发生了明显的变化--专业化+网络化.在这种情况下,仍然使用以科斯为代表的企业理论来解释现今的企业就存在着很大的局限性.为了更好的解释新经济条件下企业的性质,本文拟运用交易费用这一基本的分析工具,对新经济条件下企业性质做一个理论上的说明.     

生产要素模块化定义下企业的性质

科斯（1937）在《企业的性质》中运用交易费用这一基本的分析工具对企业的本质进行了详细的研究。其后，张五常、威廉姆森等在科斯研究的基础上，从不同的角度对企业的性质做出了新的解释，他们的研究对于企业本质的认识具有重要的意义。但科斯、张五常以及威廉姆森等对企业性质的研究，是以当时的企业特征为视角的。随着经济的不断发展，企业的特征发生了明显的变化——专业化＋网络化。在这种情况下，仍然使用以科斯为代表的企业理论来解释现今的企业就存在着很大的局限性。为了更好的解释新经济条件下企业的性质，本文拟运用交易费用这一基本的分析工具，对新经济条件下企业性质做一个理论上的说明。     

生产要素模块化定义下企业的性质

科斯(1937)在《企业的性质》中运用交易费用这一基本的分析工具对企业的本质进行了详细的研究。其后,张五常、威廉姆森等在科斯研究的基础上,从不同的角度对企业的性质做出了新的解释,他们的研究对于企业本质的认识具有重要的意义。但科斯、张五常以及威廉姆森等对企业性质的研究,是以当时的企业特征为视角的。随着经济的不断发展,企业的特征发生了明显的变化——专业化+网络化。在这种情况下,仍然使用以科斯为代表的企业理论来解释现今的企业就存在着很大的局限性。为了更好的解释新经济条件下企业的性质,本文拟运用交易费用这一基本的分析工具,对新经济条件下企业性质做一个理论上的说明。     

现代不确定性经济理论的比较研究:凯恩斯与奈特

奈特和凯恩斯都是公认的不确定性经济分析的大师。奈特对经济不确定性问题的贡献在于对风险和不确定性的严格区分 ,并成功地构筑了以不确定性 -风险为核心的利润理论 ,由此揭示了企业存在的本质 ;凯恩斯将不确定性作为其宏观经济理论的逻辑起点 ,预期的不确定性构成其消费、投资及货币需求三大心理规律的支撑 ,不确定性理论亦成为其建立宏观经济理论的基石。对两位大师不确定性经济理论的探究、对比 ,能更好地把握不确定性经济学的形成基础。     

传统交易费用兼并理论的演进及其评析

交易费用理论和企业理论是以科斯为代表的新制度学派理论体系的重要组成部分。伴随着企业兼并实践的不断发展，著名新制度学派人表人物科斯，威廉姆森以及其他经济学家分别运用这两个理论（尤其是交易费用理论）对企业兼并进行了深入的研究，形成了独具特色的传统交易费用兼并理论，该兼并理论无论从理论还是实践角度都存在较大的局限性。     

企业并购中的交易成本问题

1937年科斯在《企业的性质》一文中,指出企业作为资源配置的一种形式,是对市场配置资源形式的替代。经济话动是在企业内完成,还是在企业外完成取决于哪一种形式进行经济括动的成本更低。威廉姆森在科斯的基础上发展的交易成本经济学对于企业和市场这两种经济话动的协调机制．特别是纵向一体化问题做出了很好的解释。然而对交易成本理论也存在诸多批评的观点。     

建立现代企业制度的若干理论误区

文章认为在我国经济改革的过程，在建立现代企业制度方面存在着一些理论误区。文章首先论述了新制度主义关于现代企业制度理论的基本特征。接着在分析了所有权理论丰富内涵的基础上，列举了若干所有权理论的误区；在概括了施蒂格勒的产业组织理论和科斯、威廉姆森等人的制度分析理论的要点的基础上，列举了若干产业组织理论的误区。     

从企业理论的发展看企业的经济性质

新古典经济学以均衡假设为前提，企业作为一种抽象，其内部的经济性质被忽略。科斯、威廉姆森为代表的一批经济学家以交易费用为分析工具，对企业性质进行了广泛的研究，强调交易费用的节约及企业“规制”特性。企业能力理论和网络组织理论从生产知识和能力的集合互补性活动和资源依赖的角度动态地揭示了企业的性质，从企业生存发展的视角，发掘了企业新的经济意义。     

纵向一体化测度理论评介

一、引言:纵向一体化理论的回顾 纵向一体化问题在古典经济学的文献中已有许多深刻的分析,而随着新古典厂商理论在微观经济学中的主导地位确定后,纵向一体化问题逐步被人们淡忘了。从理论上说,通过新制度经济学对厂商理论的发展。以科斯-威廉姆森范式为出发点,纵向一体化理论是对传统厂商理论的拓展,分析厂商间的相互关联关系,产业组织理论在纵向一体     

企业资产专用性投资不足的契约分析

毋庸置疑,现代西方经济理论分支中发展最快的领域就是现代契约理论。自罗纳德·科斯于1937年发表《企业的性质》一文以及该文近几十年来受到人们极大的关注之后,企业和市场就被认为是两种不同的可以互相替代的经济制度或经济组织,也从此告别了长期以来被称为“黑箱”或“空匣子”的企业理论。而在现代契约观的演变过程中,威廉姆森在其《交易费用经济学:契约关系的规制》一文中从不确定性、交换频率和资产专用性程度三个方面来分析交易。在以上研究的基础上,沿着威廉姆森开创的交易费用学派的另一条道路,本文从资产专用性角度出发,结合不完全…     

Knowledge,coordination and the firm: Historical perspectives

Abstract

This paper illustrates the problems and processes of developing economic knowledge by a selective historical treatment of ideas about the firm. Coase thought it necessary to explain firms as organizations, but not as distinctive productive units; neither did he explain why markets exist. Chamberlin's attempt to introduce product differentiation and selling costs is compared with Allyn Young's process theory and Marshall's treatment of the firm, and inter-firm relations, as means of organizing the growth of knowledge. The firm is a decision-making system in a context of Knightian uncertainty, and Simon's concept of quasi-decomposability applies to human brains and human organizations.     

Good Judgment,Good Luck: Frank Fetter’s Neglected Theory of Entrepreneurship

Frank Fetter’s contributions to entrepreneurship and the theory of the firm are usually overlooked although his original treatments are relevant to both the history of economic thought and contemporary entrepreneurship research. This article highlights three ways in which Fetter’s work adds to our understanding of the entrepreneurial process. First, entrepreneurs direct their enterprises through the careful delegation of authority to managers, thereby maintaining residual control over the firm; similar views were pioneered by Frank Knight and the Austrian economists who continue to study cognate problems like judgmental decision making and proxy-entrepreneurship. Second, Fetter foreshadows Knight’s influential distinction between risk and uncertainty by arguing that entrepreneurs bear uncertainty through their investment decisions. However, Fetter extends Knight’s work by explicitly considering the role that chance and luck play in entrepreneurial success, a problem still debated in entrepreneurship studies. Third, Fetter argues that scarcity implies the active investment of resources, and thus the need for entrepreneurship. This view hints at current research on entrepreneurial bricolage as well as work emphasizing investment rather than opportunity as the defining concept of entrepreneurship. It also provides the microfoundations for strategic entrepreneurship research.     

Harald B. Malmgren's Analysis of the Firm: lessons for modern theorists?

This paper analyses Harald B. Malmgren's neglected 1961 paper ‘Information, expectations, and the theory of the firm’, which provided the first extensive elaboration of Coase's 1937 analysis in ‘The nature of the firm’. Malmgren's primary sources of inspiration were Coase, Hayek, Richardson and Penrose. Combining these sources in a creative way allowed Malmgren to anticipate themes that have only recently been addressed in the theory of economic organization. However, there is still much to be learned from Malmgren's discussion, particularly the way in which he combined contractual and knowledge-based approaches to the firm. Moreover, Malmgren suggested that it is possible to construct an opportunism-independent approach to economic organization.     

Induced Institutional Innovation and Transaction Costs: The Case of the Australian National Native Title Tribunal

The theory of induced innovation says that technological innovations which economize on relatively scarce inputs will be invented and adopted. Hayami and Ruttan have hypothesized that this model also holds for institutional innovations. Coase and Williamson suggest that economic organization, such as vertical integration, is the result of transaction cost minimization. Coase discusses the transaction costs of negotiation versus other alternatives for solving externality problems. This paper brings these previously unconnected threads of the literature together and incorporates transaction costs in an induced institutional innovation model.

This conceptual model is brought to bear on the issue of institutional innovations over time in relation to the National Native Title Tribunal. In addition to the reductions in transaction costs from a negotiated settlement rather than litigation, there are other advantages of negotiation. These may include improved “quality” of settlements, improved relations between the negotiating parties, and more timely resolution.     

On pragmatic Philosophy and Knightian uncertainty

Knight indicates that his proposition of uncertainty is based on two important premises: (a) that the proposition of uncertainty is premised on a reevaluation of the theory of knowledge, and (b) that the primary theory of knowledge used in this re-evaluation may be the Pragmatic theory of knowledge. It is instructive to follow up on the hints that Knight gives, regarding the influences on his work, so as to clarify aspects of Knightian uncertainty for contemporary research. Accordingly, this work first analyzes the main insights of Pragmatic philosophy. Second, the connection between these insights and the definition of Knightian uncertainty is then outlined. Third, some conclusions as to the implications of this analysis are drawn.     

"企业契约论"的局限性

“企业契约论”把企业本质理解为只是一种契约的认识存在逻辑解释的局限性。问题的症结就在于这一理论的创始者科斯误解了企业取代的对象。企业取代的真正对象其实不是市场而是单干经济。因此，企业本质是一种包含有要素市场交易合约的特殊团队生产。     

The Austrian theory of the firm: Retrospect and prospect

Using as a focusing device the famous arguments of Coase (Economica 4(16), 386–405 1937) and Hayek (The American Economic Review 35(4): 519–530 1945), I sketch in bold strokes what an Austrian theory of the firm would look like. Such a theory would pay serious attention to issues of knowledge, uncertainty, change, and complementarity. I describe a literature in which much of this theory has already been constructed; make connections to closely related literatures in economics and management; and suggest directions for future development.     

科斯《企业的性质》之质疑

企业是资源所有者的取得更多的收益而建立起来的经济组织，交易成本的存在并不是企业存在的根本原因，科斯将企业定义为不同于价格调节机制的企业家计划调节机制，源于其错将企业计划混同于计划经济，事实上，企业是以市场合约为基础形成的，按市场运行原则运作的市场性组织，其资源配置并不独立于市场价格机制之外，价格调节机制与企业家调节机制是不可分割的两个方面，任何企业作为市场参与者与市场都是互动的。     

INDIRECT PRICING THEORY OF THE FIRM: A GENERAL-EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS INVOLVING PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT SERVICE

Abstract.  This paper develops a general-equilibrium model that involves production technology and management service to study the emergence of firms from the perspective of saving transaction costs. Inframarginal analysis is used to formalize Coase and Cheung's theory of the firm and to generalize Yang and Ng's indirect pricing theory of the firm. Not only the emergence of firms, their growth and contraction, but also the relevant conditions for the existence of technology entrepreneurs and professional management are also investigated.     

分立的治理结构选择——2009年诺贝尔经济学奖获得者奥利弗·E·威廉姆森思想述评

威廉姆森因为对企业边界确定及治理结构方面的杰出贡献而获得2009年诺贝尔经济学奖。本文按照理论的发展脉络与逻辑关系,从交易费用或企业边界决定因素、比较组织的治理结构分析方法以及治理经济学框架三个方面,对威廉姆森在交易、契约与治理结构等方面的理论贡献进行了总结和概括。