加快我国网络经济发展策略

狭义地讲,网络经济就是应用因特网技术所进行的投资以及通过因特网销售产品和服务所获得的收入。而广义地讲,所谓的网络经济就是生产者与消费者通过因特网联系而进行的经济活动。其特征是,信息产业和服务业为其主导,信息技术革命和经济全球化是其发展的时代背景,教育是其发展的根本基础,创新是其发展的要求,     

企业自主创新的自组织机理研究

从自组织理论角度分析了企业自主创新的内在机理,指出开放和远离平衡态是其前提条件,随机涨落是其诱因,非线性相互作用是其动力机制,技术突变是其路径,超循环是其形式。同时,良好的外部环境是企业自主创新自组织进化必要的外部条件。     

论思想政治教育与时俱进的品格

思想政治教育是中国革命的传家宝,具有与时俱进的品格:其理论基础是与时俱进的;其发展过程本身就是一个与时俱进的过程;其对象的思想、观点和立场是不断发展变化的;其目的、任务和内容随时代的发展而变化;其环境随客观形势的发展而不断变化.新时期,要做到思想政治教育与时俱进必须采取恰当的对策:实现其观念上的创新,不断提高其工作者的各种素质,加强其在方式和内容上的改革和创新,正确认识客体在整个教育中的地位和作用.     

主体性视域下的新型农民

拥有真正的主体性,这是新型农民与传统农民的本质区别。新农村建设和发展现代农业是一种主体性活动,新型农民是新农村建设和发展现代农业的主体。如何培养新型农民、加快新农村建设和发展现代农业,笔者认为:必须尊重农民的主体地位,觉醒其主体意识,培养其主体能力,体现其主体价值,发挥其主体作用。     

强化医院固定资产管理浅析

固定资产管理是医院管理的重要组成部分,如何科学有效地搞好固定资产管理,以确保其安全和完整,充分发挥其效能,实现其保值增值,对提高医院的经济效益和社会效益,增强医院的竞争力是十分重要的.     

基层群众性自治组织法律特性简论

基层群众性自治组织是我国基层民主制度的重要组成部分,自治性、群众性、民主性、法定性、自律性和基层性,是其性质在法律上固有的特征表现。其中,自治是其最根本的法律属性,是法治下的自我治理;民主则是自治的核心意旨和价值追求。基层群众性自治组织的这些特性,使其在性质上和工作方式上区别于国家政权机关和其他群众组织,彰显了其独立自主的法律地位。     

浅析房屋诊断中的工程结构损伤识别技术

房屋是人们生活和工作的基本要素之一。其建成以后,人们关注的是如何将其管好用好,使其较好地发挥效益。但房屋如同我们人类一样,也有其周期寿命,在其建成交付使用后,即可能开始损坏,出现病害。为此如何像人体健康诊断一样,做好既有房屋的健康诊断,是一个真真切切的课题。而做好对既有建筑物在使用全寿命过程的综合诊断,为其加固改造提供参考和合理建议,是今后建筑业的重中之中。     

新形势下如何加强监测站规范化管理之我见

环境监测是环境保护的"耳目"和"哨兵",其技术水平对于把握污染现状和预测污染发展趋势起着重要的作用.而环境监测质量是监测工作的生命线,也是监测技术管理的核心内容,其根本目的是确保监测数据的代表性、精密性、准确性、可比性和完整性要求.随着国际经济一体化及环境监测与国际的接轨,监测数据的质量已日益成为制约其发展的."瓶颈",而环境监测规范化管理是保证其质量的关键,本文简述了提高监测站规范化管理的有效措施.     

重商主义流通思想探析

重商主义是对资本主义生产方式所作的最早的理论探讨,在其发展过程中经历了两个历史阶段:早期重商主义和晚期重商主义。早期和晚期重商主义的流通思想,都是以流通过程为研究中心,其基本观点是一致的。但是,在增加货币财富的方法方面,其看法与主张不同。     

配比原则在会计实务和税收政策中的应用

配比原则是会计确认要求中的一项重要的原则,其主要的是用于利润的确定,配比原则是将某个会计期间或者是某个会计的对象所取得的收入和其取得该项收入的成本和费用进行相应的匹配,从而正确的计算出在此会计期间或者是此会计主体所获取的净损益,其经常会应用到会计实务和税收政策当中,以下就主要的对配比原则在会计实务和税收政策中的应用做研究分析。     

垂直专业化:经济全球化中的贸易和生产模式

垂直专业化的生产和贸易是当今经济全球化中最重要的现象之一。中国作为一个大国和发展中国家,垂直专业化的程度相对较高。随着中国加入WTO,跨国公司的垂直专业化战略模式将深入到中国的每一个角落,渗透在人们的生产生活中,对此,中国企业必须有自己的应对方案。     

本土代工企业ODM模式中知识转移决策博弈分析

建立了代工企业在ODM模式中与跨国公司合作创新的主从博弈模型,并对模型进行仿真分析。指出:跨国公司只在自身知识边际收益较大时才会与代工企业进行合作创新;代工企业根据自身的知识边际收益比例进行知识转移,整个合作过程所转移的知识与跨国公司的意愿转移知识比率正相关;跨国公司的知识转移比率随自身知识边际收益的增加而增大,随所有代工企业的知识边际收益之和的增加而减小。研究结论为跨国公司和代工企业确定最佳合作模式和相应参与方式提供了理论支持。     

Politics of Intra-firm Trade: Corporate Price Planning and the Double Role of the Arm’s Length Principle

Intra-firm trade is an emerging issue. One of its key elements is the international shifting of profits, for example, through transfer pricing that big enterprises use to cross-subsidise their subsidiaries, often to avoid taxes. Accounting rules conceal much of the information about transfer pricing, reproducing secrecy and facilitating the use of administered prices. Given the prevalence of administered price setting, a significant amount of international trade cannot be meaningfully analysed as market transactions. This provokes questions about the validity of market assumptions in research on trade in particular and global capitalism more generally. Our specific contribution focuses on the role of the arm’s length principle and the significance of cross-subsidisation and other forms of corporate planning in intra-firm trade. Under certain conditions, price planning by private corporations should be analysed as political rule within the economic sphere. Since the politics of the world economy is not merely related to governmental intervention, corporations should also be theorised as potentially political entities. Crossing the disciplinary boundaries between political economy and normative political theory, we suggest that the politicisation of intra-firm trade opens possibilities for creating more effective responses to price administration and for creating more democratic ways of governing the global economy.     

Global Integration

This article argues that there are underlying changes in the world economy due to growing integration of the national economies which are more profound than the events in particular commodity markets, and that our national economic policies should be significantly shaped by these changes. Integration is defined in terms of the convergence of prices on international markets. It is occurring in the markets for commodities, factors and technologies. The freeing of trade multilaterally and unilaterally and the formation of regional trading arrangements have all played a part in greater global integration. Global and regional integration have changed the nature of the international markets in which we trade and require corporations to change their production and marketing strategies. Governments have an increasingly important role in negotiating international and regional agreements and in providing an environment that allows the domestic producers to compete on international markets. There is, however, no need to change the unilateral trading policies of Australia.     

股权换技术:动因、问题与对策

股权换技术是指通过向外资出售部分股权以引进所需要的先进技术,是跨国公司战略性进入我国市场、国有企业改革以及实现技术赶超的综合结果.但是,股权换技术本身所存在的许多问题导致目标难以实现;以少儋数股权难以换取先进技术,而如果出让多数股权,则会远离自主创新区域;跨国公司还会考虑是否会使所投资公司与本公司形成竞争;我国企业还可能形成对跨国公司的技术依赖;国有企业改革中存在的非理性因素也会使股权换技术目标异化.为正确实施股权换技术,必须明确指导思想,完善模式,减少非理性因素并形成鼓励国内资本进入的产业政策.     

A first empirical comparison of energy Footprints embodied in trade — MRIO versus PLUM

The Ecological Footprint as an indicator that accounts for human demand on global bioproductivity sets out to quantify the impacts associated with consumption in a given country, including the impacts associated with trade. The National Footprint Accounts (NFA) by Global Footprint Network (GFN) calculate trade-embodied Footprints by multiplying yield and embodied energy factors with mass volumes of traded goods in a “Product Land Use Matrix (PLUM)”. This article compares energy Footprints embodied in trade from and to the United Kingdom in 2002 as calculated by the NFA-PLUM with the results from a recently developed multi-region input-output model (MRIO) for the UK. Although totals for imports and exports are comparable, breaking down the results by economic sectors reveals large differences and hardly any correlation between the two methods. The omission of trade in services (especially transport services) and upstream impacts of energy goods (fossil fuels) and the use of inappropriate embodied energy factors in the NFA-PLUM method are identified as the main reasons for these differences.In the light of the results it seems that a comprehensive Footprint account of trade can better be achieved with an input-output based approach. I conclude that MRIO models - once fully developed - will be particularly suitable in the future to estimate the Ecological Footprints of imports and exports of nations with the possibility to track their origin via inter-industry linkages, international supply chains and multi-national trade flows.     

Regional versus Multilateral Trade Liberalization,Environmental Taxation,and Welfare

The paper considers trade between identical countries with imperfectly competitive markets, and compares the impacts of regional and multilateral tariff reduction on strategic environmental taxation and welfare. While both forms of trade liberalization increase production and consumption in tariff‐reducing countries, regionalism also reduces production in a non‐participating country and may decrease its consumption. Consequently, regionalism and multilateralism change pollution tax and welfare in the tariff‐reducing countries in similar ways when pollution is local, but in dissimilar ways for global pollution. When pollution is global, regionalism is likely to be preferred to multilateralism for the establishment of free trade among countries.     

开放条件下中国轿车产业的外资进入与市场结构研究

外资进入提高了国内轿车市场的竞争程度,降低了市场集中度,促进了市场规模的扩张和产品的差异化,同时也降低了产品价格,带来了消费者福利的提高;改善了我国轿车产业的组织结构,很多企业已经达到了工厂最小最优规模经济水平,生产成本大幅下降;外资进入从资本规模、技术、产品差异、规模经济等几个方面提高了国内资本的进入壁垒;政府与跨国公司共同主导的产业发展模式亟待改变.     

Trade,Strategic Environmental Policy,and Global Pollution

This paper examines the effects of international trade in a model with global pollution that accumulates over time because of production emissions in each country. If countries cooperatively determine their environmental policies, autarky and free trade in the absence of trade costs generate the same optimal solution. By contrast, if environmental policies are determined noncooperatively, the effects of trade on global pollution and welfare are ambiguous because policy games can result in multiple equilibria. Although trade increases both the lower and upper bounds of the pollution stock, whether trade expands the range of possible steady‐state pollution levels is ambiguous. The analysis then extends to consider trade costs.     

Exchange rates and commodity prices: the case of Australian metal exports

Exporters of homogeneous commodities are usually regarded as ‘price takers’ who operate in perfectly competitive international markets, so that the pass-through of exchange rate changes to foreign-currency prices must be zero. However, many Australian commodities are subject to influences that may produce more complex pricing strategies, for example, markets in which Australia is a dominant exporter, or where there are few buyers and sellers due to the presence of large multi-national corporations. This study uses multivariate cointegration techniques to examine the pricing of Australian metal exports, with particular emphasis on the degree and timing of the pass-through of exchange rate and other changes.