湖北县域经济空间差异及影响因素的实证分析

以湖北省80个县域地区为研究对象,将其划分为三个类别。运用泰尔指数与基尼系数方法,结合ArcGIS软件,从空间分解和产业分解两个角度对湖北省县域地区经济发展差异程度进行了测度,并分析了造成经济差异的影响因素。结果显示:2009年—2016年湖北省县域经济发展差异程度逐渐扩大。从空间分解来看,区域内差异是造成差距的主要因素;从产业分解来看,第二产业是造成差距的主要因素。从产业分解另一方面来看,产业结构效应与产业集中效应对经济差异程度影响较大。     

山西省乡村旅游发展空间分异与影响因素探测——以AAA级乡村旅游示范村为例

以山西省为研究区域，基于AAA级乡村旅游示范村地理坐标数据，采用ArcGIS空间分析和地理探测器等方法，通过分析两批示范村的空间位移特征，明确影响其空间分异的主要因素。结果表明：示范村在全省范围内的空间格局特征呈现为集聚型分布；两批示范村的极核区均集中在晋中地区和晋南地区，并于晋中和晋南地区形成集中连片；示范村的分布方向从东北向西南方向偏移；资源禀赋、经济因素和社会因素均对示范村的空间格局产生影响。     

山东省高级别景区空间分布特征及其影响因素

为了解山东省3A级及以上旅游景区的空间分布，以山东省957家3A级及以上景区为研究对象，利用ArcGIS10.8软件的空间分析功能，采用最邻近指数、核密度分析、空间自相关等方法，从自然和人文两个视角分析山东省高级别景区的空间结构及其影响因素。结果显示：山东省整体空间分布格局具有两端分散、中间集聚的特点；山东省高级别景区的空间密度分布存在不均的情况，总体来看，山东省的东部和中部地区拥有较多的景区，而西部地区相对较少，其中，枣庄、济宁、泰安、济南、淄博、临沂、潍坊和日照等地区密度较高，它们相互连接形成一个“M”形的分布格局，并且向东南沿海地区的青岛市倾斜；山东省高级别景区空间分布存在明显的空间正相关，有着较为明显的“团块状”集聚特征；影响山东省高级别景区空间分布结构的因素主要包括旅游资源、区位交通、旅游业发展水平、客源市场及政府政策。     

广东省旅游扶贫地的空间格局及影响因素

运用GIS空间分析方法,对广东省旅游扶贫地的空间分布特征及影响因素进行了研究。结果表明,广东省旅游扶贫地总体为集聚型分布态势,空间差异明显,呈"分散与聚集"分布特征,集中在粤东、粤西、粤北等经济欠发达但旅游资源丰富地区。其空间分布密度表现出"大分散、小集聚"的分布特征,具有明显的向心性,核心—边缘结构突出。其空间分布具有显著的自相关性,不同县区旅游扶贫地在空间上呈集聚特征,热点区与冷点区呈"团状"分布特征。粤北地区主要为热点区,珠三角地区主要为冷点区;旅游贫困率大体上呈"东西高、中部低"的分布特征,高贫困区主要分布在粤北、粤东地区,低贫困区主要分布在粤中地区。区位条件、地形地貌、相关政策、经济水平和旅游资源等是影响广东省旅游扶贫地的主要因素。     

湖南省乡村旅游重点村空间分布及其影响因素研究

以湖南省141个乡村旅游重点村为研究对象，综合运用最邻近指数、地理集中指数、核密度分析、地理联系率等空间统计方法对湖南省乡村旅游重点村的空间分布格局进行探究，并从自然、经济及人文层面剖析其影响因素。结果表明：湖南省乡村旅游重点村整体呈现“中东北密西南疏”的聚集型空间分布格局；全省存在4大主核心区、多个相对独立的次聚集点以及3大跨界绵延带状连片区；空间分布主要受到地形地貌、河流水系、经济发展、客源市场、交通条件、政策规划等多方面因素的综合影响。据此从政策引导、资源整合、环境建设等方面提出相应建议。     

基于POI大数据的衢州城市旅游休闲业态分布特征及形成机制研究

基于2021年浙江省衢州市的POI（兴趣点）相关数据，运用 ArcGIS 空间分析方法中的标准差椭圆、重心、核密度分析等空间分析工具，从数量变化、分布特征、集聚情况几个方面厘清衢州城市旅游休闲业态分布规律，研究衢州城市旅游休闲业态的形成机制。结果发现：①从整体来看，衢州市中心城区旅游休闲业态呈现空间集聚特征，周围县市的集聚形势尚不明显，数量上来看，中心城区尤其是柯城区相关业态数量较为丰富，衢西、衢北地区较为稀疏；②从各业态分布情况来看，各业态标准差椭圆的移动轨迹呈西南–东北走向，住宿服务业分布范围较为广泛，但尚未形成明显集聚中心，购物服务业态分布方向显著性不强，餐饮服务业密集程度高，各业态均值中心呈现向市中心集聚的空间发展特征，多数业态平均中心均位于主城区柯城区；③从各业态集聚情况来看，中心城区具有多核发展趋势，周围县区低密度点状集聚。餐饮服务业态集中在衢东北、衢北的城市腹地，购物服务、休闲娱乐、旅游景点业态的网点分布相似，住宿服务业态主要表现为中心城区核心辐射，远城区呈多斑点环绕分布，围绕旅游景点与交通主干线不断扩展；④从形成机制来看，市场环境、人口规模、交通条件是衢州市旅游休闲业态空间分布的决定性因素，行业内部的相互联系是产业发展的潜在动能，不同影响因素分别通过市场调节和政府宏观调控共同作用于衢州市旅游休闲业态的形成与发展。     

湖南省休闲农业园区空间格局及影响因素分析

休闲农业与乡村旅游星级园区是重要的休闲农业资源及旅游资源。使用最邻近指数、变异系数和核密度估计等方法,分析湖南省休闲农业园区的空间格局特征及影响因素。结果表明：(1)湖南省休闲农业园区的空间分布类型为集聚型,空间分布较为集中但集中化程度不高;(2)休闲农业园区最大的集聚核心在长株潭地区,在娄底、衡阳和郴州3处均有明显的高密度集聚核心;(3)休闲农业园区在空间上分布不均衡,总体上呈现东南多、西北少的空间分布格局,主要分布在郴州、衡阳、长沙和娄底;(4)地形地貌、河流水系、交通条件、经济发展水平和旅游发展水平与休闲农业园区的分布有着密不可分的联系。     

基于百度指数的山东省滨海旅游网络关注度研究

山东滨海城市联系紧密，滨海旅游资源各具特色。基于百度指数，通过获取山东滨海城市2014-2018年日均旅游搜索指数，借助Excel和ArcGIS10.0分析软件，运用季节性强度指数、周内分布偏度指数和地理集中指数进行统计分析，研究发现山东滨海旅游网络关注度季节变化特征明显，总体呈“倒V、单峰、两低谷”型，网络关注度空间分布较为集中，气候、经济、人口、距离、信息等因素是影响旅游地网络关注度的重要因素。并从产品开发、营销推广、城市合作、品牌塑造、精品旅游建设5个方面提出了有关建议，以期为打造中国东部最佳区域性滨海旅游目的地提供借鉴。     

民族地区少数民族人口空间形态演化特征研究——以云南省为例

以云南省为例,借助云南省2000年第五次全国人口普查数据、云南省2010年第六次全国人口普查数据及合作单位提供的数据,分析了云南省少数民族人口现状,运用空间自相关指数、人口重心指数、人口密度指数、不均衡指数、基尼系数、集中指数和再分布指数衡量云南少数民族人口空间形态演化特征。从经济、宗教文化、人口政策、人口迁移与流动等角度分析少数民族人口空间形态演化的影响因素。在此基础上得出相应启示。     

数字经济与建筑业高质量发展耦合协调性——基于31个省级行政区样本的实证分析

以31个省级行政区为研究区域,运用熵权法测算2011—2020年31个省区市数字经济与建筑业高质量发展指数,通过耦合度模型计算两者的耦合协调度,基于耦合协调等级划分标准对31个省区市耦合协调度进行空间特征分布分析,最后通过障碍度模型找出影响协调性的主要障碍因子。研究结果显示：①研究期内,从全国来看,数字经济指数总体呈现上升趋势,但东部地区数字经济发展指数远高于中西部地区,而中部地区和西部地区均远低于全国平均水平。②总体来看,建筑业高质量发展指数出现先增长后下降的趋势。其中建筑业高质量发展指数东部地区远高于中西部地区。③东部地区北京、广东和江苏数字经济与建筑业高质量发展耦合协调保持较高的状态,西部地区大部分省份均处于中低水平程度的协调状态,总体来看,数字经济与建筑业高质量发展协调水平较低,表明两系统协调发展中存在很大的上升空间。④在数字经济方面,数字产业化和数字创新成为制约两系统协调发展的主要障碍,在建筑业高质量发展方面,协调性和创新性成为制约协调发展的主要障碍因素。基于实证结论,提出相应建议。     

Penetration and Post-infection Development of Meloidogyne Incognita on Tobacco as Treated by Rhizobacteria Pseudomonas Fluorescens Strain P-72-10

The bio-control potential of rhizospere bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens against plant-parasite nematode had been demonstrated. P. fluorescens had shown the effect to enhance tobacco resistance to root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Inoculation with P. fluoreseens in tobacco could lead to significant reductions in the number of juveniles that penetrated tobacco root and further life stage development of the juveniles. The number of juveniles penetrated into tobac- co root in treatment with P. fluorescens is significantly different from CK at 2DAI, 6DAI, 8DAI and 10DAI. Significant reduction and delayed development of juveniles that penetrated into tobacco root and treated were observed in treatment at 14DAI, 21DAI, 28DAI and 35DAI. In addition, P. fluoreseens treatment leads to a significant reduction in the number of eggs per egg-mass at 35 DAI. The results show P. fluorescens induced a continuously suppression on root-knot nema- tode M. incognita throughout their entire early infection phase of root penetration, subsequent life stage development and reproduction.     

On the Major Transformation of the Asia-Pacific Regional Structure北大核心CSSCISSCI

Recent years have witnessedsignificant changes in the Asia-Pacific regionalstructure featuring the shift in power balance among related countries as well as adjust-ments in their respective regional strategies. So what is the prevailing trend in thistransformation and what kind of regional order will likely emerge in the future？ To an-swer these questions, the paper tries to explore the following dimensions： the evolvingregional context, shift in power balance and power conversion, geo-political and geo-e-conomic developments and interactions between them, and evolving regional order. Asthe study shows, the broadening of regional geographical scope, the rise in the numberof actors involved, as well as changesin the relations among them, have combined tocast a pluralistic and complex flavor to the regional structure. While the power balanceamong China, the United States and Japan shifts, and power conversion is also occur-ring. China and Japan are paying increasing attention to their security roles, whereasthe United States under the Obama administration laid more stress on expanding itsgeo-economic clout. In spite of the intensifying geopolitical competition among China,the United States and Japan in recent years, a Sino-US strategic compromise-whichholds the key to regional geopolitics-isother front, some kind of geo-economicmore likely to take place in the future. On thecooperation will probably emerge. In the longerterm, it will be the geo-economic trend thatwill prevail over the geopolitical trend inthe region. Finally, the future evolution of regional order wiI1 mainly follow the eco-nomic logic, accompanied by the dilutionof its hegemonic and hierarchical nature.Hence, a pluralistic and complex regional community will emerge.     

For Better or for Worse? Local Impacts of the Decentralization of Indonesia’s Forest Sector

This paper quantifies the local impacts of mechanized logging on forest-dependent communities in Indonesia, before and after decentralization. A conceptual framework incorporates financial, social, enforcement, rent-seeking, and environmental impacts. Using data from 60 communities in East Kalimantan, the empirical results suggest that significantly more households received financial and in-kind benefits after decentralization compared to before. Many communities engaged in self-enforcement activities against firms both before and after decentralization. Post-decentralization, a significantly higher proportion of households perceived community forest ownership. There were few significant differences in perceived environmental impacts. Little evidence exists of a post-decentralization trade-off between environmental and financial contractual provisions.     

以资本管理为核心的银行治理综合评价指标研究

商业银行的特殊性体现在风险性、外部性和多重治理目标上，尤其集中体现在风险管理的本质上。风险管理日益成为现代商业银行的主体活动和核心职能，资本管理成为现代商业银行风险管理的核心。在整合EVA和RAROC指标的基础上。文章构建了以资本管理为核心的银行治理的综合评价指标，以求真实反映银行经营的成果，有效衡量风险收益和风险成本的对比关系，从而反映以资本管理为核心的银行风险管理的过程、能力和效率。     

Organization and incentives in the age of sail

The British Navy in the age of sail was the most successful bureaucracy of its time. Its organization and incentive structures differed importantly from contemporaneous private sailing ventures, but closely resembled those of today’s large corporations. To induce efficient effort, the navy used a hierarchical tournament, in which sailors competed for higher pay that came with promotions based on relative performance. Promotion probabilities, the option value of future promotions, and the higher effort required of men in higher ranks and on larger vessels, combined to yield a highly skewed pay structure.     

The German Hanse and Bergen – new perspectives on an old subject

Abstract

The Hanseatic League and her kontors (trading posts) were an integral part of the medieval trade system in Northern Europe. Hanse merchants dominated many markets in this region and managed to maintain a monopoly-like role in towns like Novgorod and Bergen for many centuries. Consequently, one focus of historical research about the Hanseatic League lay on the mechanisms that enabled the Hanse merchants to keep that strong of a position for such a long time.

This article is part of the discussion about this topic. Based on Lübeck merchants with business interest in the Norwegian town of Bergen, the so-called Bergenfahrers (Bergen travellers), it will give new insights into the Hansards' economical and social organization. The three main points are (a) the integration of the Bergen market in the Hanseatic trade network as an intermediary trading place on the vivid East–West route of Hanse trade; (b) the importance of the Bergenfahrers within the Hanse merchants' economical, social and political networks; and (c) the structure of the Bergenfahrers network patterns in the late Middle Ages.

In addition to new insights into the important role of Bergen and the Bergenfahrers within Lübeck's and the other Wendish Hanse towns' trading system, this articles provides further proof for the usefulness of the methods of Social Network Analysis in medieval economic research.     

Markteintrittstiming von Telekommunikationsdiensteanbietern

Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Studie analysiert für 87 Neuprodukteinführungen (NPE) und Auslandsmarkteintritte (AME) von Telekommunikations(TK)-Diensteanbietern in Deutschland, zu denen 42 Schlüsselinformanten in einer schriftlichen Befragung Auskunft gaben, (1) inwieweit deren zeitliche Eintrittspositionierung durch Marktcharakteristika und Unternehmensressourcen erkl?rbar ist sowie (2) inwieweit und gegebenenfalls unter welchen unternehmensexternen und -internen Situationsbedingungen deren Markteintrittstiming mit dem wahrgenommenen Eintrittserfolg assoziiert ist. Ein früher Markteintritt wurde dann realisiert, wenn die Wettbewerbsintensit?t im adressierten Gesch?ft niedrig und das Budget für den Expansionsschritt überdurchschnittlich ausfielen. Zwischen dem Markteintrittstiming und der Beurteilung des Eintrittserfolgs bestand ein nicht monotoner, umgekehrt U-f?rmiger Zusammenhang: Frühe Folger wiesen signifikant bessere Erfolgswerte auf als Pioniere und sp?te Folger, deren Erfolgsniveaus nicht signifikant divergierten. In einer Industrie, die durch starke externe Netzeffekte gepr?gt ist, fallen offenbar die Nachteile eines Markteintritts als Pionier oder sp?ter Folger st?rker ins Gewicht als die Vorteile dieser beiden zeitlichen Eintrittspositionierungen. Unabh?ngig vom Markteintrittstiming wurden NPE/AME von TK-Unternehmen als erfolgreicher eingestuft, wenn sie sich in einen Markt mit stark wachsender Nachfrage und aufeinander abgestimmt (re)agierenden Wettbewerbern mit qualitativ überdurchschnittlichen, abw?rtskompatiblen, erprobbaren und wenig erkl?rungsbedürftigen TK-Diensten engagierten.      

Financial Reporting and Trade Credit: Evidence from Mandatory IFRS Adoption*

We investigate the effect of mandatory IFRS adoption on trade credit. We document that firms in countries that adopt IFRS receive more trade credit from their suppliers, consistent with improved financial reporting quality and comparability playing a role in facilitating informal financing. This increase is larger for countries with a low level of societal trust, a poor pre‐IFRS‐adoption information environment, and stronger legal enforcement. These cross‐sectional results suggest that the conditions under which higher‐quality information is made publicly available affect suppliers' decisions to provide trade credit. This increase is also larger for firms with greater exposure to foreign markets, a finding that highlights the importance of more comparable international financial reporting standards in facilitating cross‐country trade credit. We also find that IFRS adoption has a stronger positive effect on trade credit for firms with greater liquidity needs. Finally, we find that firms in countries that adopt IFRS also extend more trade credit to their customers. Overall, our results support the notion that financial reporting can have a causal effect on trade credit.