技术投入惯性与企业绩效

选取深沪A股上市制造企业为样本,以技术投入持久性为视角研究其对企业绩效的影响,并探讨外部环境、企业规模和财务杠杆的调节效应。结果表明：技术投入惯性正向影响企业绩效;外部环境动荡时,惯性的积极作用表现〖JP〗更加显著;企业规模抑制了技术投入惯性与企业绩效的正向关系;财务杠杆对技术投入惯性与企业绩效的调节效应还因企业性质不同而有所差异。研究提示,制造企业应运用高水平投入,采取持续不变的技术投入策略应对动态环境。大规模企业要关注技术创新,增加技术创新投入,防止盲目执行技术投入策略。针对“预算软约束”问题,国有企业应注重合理利用负债融资,发挥负债的治理效用。     

技术投入惯性与企业绩效——以上市制造企业为例

选取深沪A股上市制造企业为样本,以技术投入持久性为视角研究其对企业绩效的影响,并探讨外部环境、企业规模和财务杠杆的调节效应。结果表明:技术投入惯性正向影响企业绩效;外部环境动荡时,惯性的积极作用表现更加显著;企业规模抑制了技术投入惯性与企业绩效的正向关系;财务杠杆对技术投入惯性与企业绩效的调节效应还因企业性质不同而有所差异。研究提示,制造企业应运用高水平投入,采取持续不变的技术投入策略应对动态环境。大规模企业要关注技术创新,增加技术创新投入,防止盲目执行技术投入策略。针对"预算软约束"问题,国有企业应注重合理利用负债融资,发挥负债的治理效用。     

负债融资与企业投资决策的互动关系:税收因素视角的实证研究

利用联立方程模型,本文从税收因素视角实证检验了中国上市公司负债融资与投资支出之间的动态作用关系。研究结果表明:负债融资会通过对有效税率的负向影响正向地作用于企业的投资决策;反过来,由于投资支出会增加企业的折旧税盾,因而会通过其"替代效应"降低负债税盾的价值,进而抑制负债融资的水平;此外,投资支出也会增加经营收入水平、提升企业的有效税率,从而促进负债税盾价值的增加,产生负债税盾的"收入效应",然而这种"收入效应"只会对非财务约束企业的负债融资产生促进作用,对财务约束型企业的促进作用却并不明显。     

制药企业广告投资、研发投入与创新药绩效

在药品市场竞争日益激烈的背景下,如何协调广告战略与研发战略之间的关系,提高创新药市场绩效成为制药企业面对的重要问题.本文构建双寡头制药企业的研发-价格竞争博弈模型,探究制药企业的广告战略、研发战略和政府价格管制政策对于不同类型企业研发激励、药品定价、市场份额、创新利润和创新药市场绩效的综合影响机制.研究发现,当且仅当广告投资和研发投入之间存在"挤入"效应时,实施广告战略才可能为企业带来竞争优势,但广告投资过大将导致企业利润的损失;其次,当且仅当广告投资效率较高时,实施广告战略才能增进创新药市场绩效;最后,价格管制政策和广告战略对企业利润产生综合影响,在一定条件下,价格管制能够强化广告战略对实施企业利润的增进效果,广告战略则有助于改善价格管制对实施企业市场份额的不利影响.     

品牌效应与债务融资双重影响下的广告竞争行为

本文以广告投入较多的制造业与房地产业为研究对象,选取该行业上市公司2004—2007年的数据,实证分析品牌效应、债务融资双重影响下的企业广告竞争行为。研究结果表明:就强品牌企业而言,债务融资对产品市场具有软承诺作用;而在弱品牌企业中,债务融资表现为对产品市场的硬承诺作用。此外,不论强品牌企业的广告竞争策略存在与否,弱品牌企业的广告投资策略均不受影响。     

"结构性"去杠杆与企业资产配置:"脱实向虚"还是"脱虚向实"

以我国2012-2019年A股非金融类国有上市公司为样本,通过双重差分析方法实证研究了"结构化"去杠杆政策对企业资产配置的影响.结果 发现:去杠杆政策会显著降低企业的金融资产配置,并能抑制过度负债企业的固定资产投资,但对企业研发投资没有显著影响;去杠杆政策还会促进正常负债企业的实体投资,财政政策与"结构化"去杠杆的政策叠加能强化企业的实体投资,且高新技术企业税收减免的政策叠加效应要优于政府补助的政策叠加效应.     

多个“国家队股东”与企业技术创新——基于准财政政策视角

多个“国家队股东”的结构安排可以稳定企业预期,激励创新资源高质量配置。基于此,本文使用2006—2019年中国A股上市企业数据,检验多个“国家队股东”,即多个社保基金投资组合持股对企业技术创新的影响。研究发现,多个“国家队股东”能够促进企业技术创新,其与财政政策呈现出协同作用,具有准财政政策效应;机制检验证明,这种效应是通过加大人力资本投入和研发资本投入作为中介路径来实现的;此外,研究还发现投资模式、投资持股比例的差异均会产生异质性影响。本文对社保基金优化投资管理人绩效目标、实现准财政政策与财政政策的协同作用具有政策价值,对企业抢抓政策红利以实现高质量发展具有参考价值。     

风险投资阶段性投入及其效应的实证研究——以美国为例

风险投资通过风险企业创造的国家税收和就业来发挥其宏观经济效应,同时,风险投资的宏观经济效应受到其投资方式的影响。目前,世界风险投资主要采取阶段性投入的投资方式。通过对美国风险投资阶段性投入与风险企业创造的国家税收和就业率的增长关系进行实证分析,得出美国风险投资对风险企业的各个阶段的投入共同决定着其所发挥的宏观经济效应,但是不同阶段的投入对其所发挥的宏观经济效应的影响存在着很大差异。     

控股股东股权质押、控制权转移风险与广告投入

股权质押使控股股东面临控制权转移风险,其有动机进行市值管理。本文以2011-2019年中国A股上市公司为样本,考察股权质押情境下控股股东是否存在调整广告投入的行为。研究结果发现,控股股东进行股权质押后,公司广告投入水平显著提高,说明股权质押情境下控股股东会通过策略性地增加广告投入进行信息管理,而非通过削减广告投入进行向上盈余管理,证实广告具有短期股票回报效应;控制权转移风险较大时,控股股东股权质押对广告投入的正向影响更明显,说明股权质押情境下控股股东增加广告投入是出于缓解控制权转移风险的动机。进一步研究发现,在散户规模较大和产品直接与消费者接触的企业,广告更容易吸引投资者注意力,此时控股股东增加广告投入的动机更强,该行为短期内可以提振股价,但没有起到改善经营业绩的作用且加剧了股价波动。本文为资本市场和产品市场的联系提供了证据,且对相关部门加强上市公司广告费用监管具有一定的政策参考价值。     

资本结构、区域市场化程度与企业产品市场竞争力

本文利用国家统计局《中国工业企业数据库》(1998—2007年)研究资本结构对我国制造业类企业产品市场竞争力的影响。本文发现高负债显著弱化了我国制造业企业的产品市场竞争力。进一步,本文发现当国有企业处于市场化程度较高地区时,高负债对其产品市场竞争力有更严重的负面影响。与之相反,当民营企业位于市场化程度较高地区时,高负债对其产品市场竞争力的负面影响将得到改善。本文的研究结果表明,国有企业的预算软约束使资本结构没有发挥其战略效应和治理效应,从而弱化了国有企业的产品市场竞争力。而当民营企业融资状况得到改善后,资本结构将逐渐发挥战略效应,使得高负债对其产品市场竞争力的负面影响得到减缓。     

STRATEGIC DEBT AND RJV COMPETITION*

Firms first choose their debt level, next form an RJV and choose R&D investment, and then choose output in Cornot competition. Through the use of debt, a firm commits an aggressive stance, a higher output level, and higher R&D investment, whereby the latter helps solve the free‐riding problem that usually exists in R&D studies. However, a firm in an unleveraged industry gains the highest profit, while a leveraged firm in an asymmetric industry (which achieves the highest profit in Brander and Lewis (1988)) gains the lowest profit. As a result, both firms using debt and both firms not using debt are the two equilibria, and the latter survives as a focal outcome. This is in sharp contrast to Brander and Lewis who find that both firms using debt is a prisoner's dilemma outcome.     

Endogenous market structures and the optimal financial structure

Abstract We characterize the optimal financial structure as a strategic device to optimize the value of a firm competing in a market where entry is endogenous. Debt financing is always optimal under quantity competition, and, contrary to the Brander‐Lewis‐Showalter results based on duopolies, we show the optimality of moderate debt financing also under price competition with cost uncertainty (but not with demand uncertainty). We derive the formulas for the optimal financial structure, which does not affect the strategies of the other firms but reduces their number.     

市场份额、负债融资与企业价值——基于中国房地产上市公司的实证研究

利用2008—2015年中国沪深A股房地产上市企业的数据,实证分析了负债融资和市场份额对企业价值的影响。结果显示:市场份额与负债水平正相关,两者之间存在显著的替代关系;从市场份额的角度看,负债水平能提升企业价值,且负债水平与企业价值的关系曲线呈U型;销售预期对企业价值具有调节作用,且高销售预期下这种调节作用更为明显。     

Are Public Firms Always Less Innovative than Private Firms?

The effect of information spillovers is analysed in a mixed duopoly where a profit‐maximizing private firm and a market‐share‐maximizing public firm decide whether to invest in a process innovation. It is shown that, when the spillover effect is rather strong, the public firm innovates in order to acquire a larger market share, while the private firm prefers that its rival invests in the new technology and reaps the benefits of technological leakages if investment costs are moderate. Thus, when information spillovers are taken into account, the public firm sometimes behaves more innovatively than the private firm, which is contrary to the well‐known results. Furthermore, in a mixed duopoly where only the public firm invests, its average cost exceeds that of its competitor, but investment remains an efficient strategy compared with non‐investment.     

The strategic nature of advertising in segmented markets

We develop a simple model in which firm-specific advertising has cooperative and predatory effects. Our model is set in a static market where firms are naturally segmented into two distinct submarkets: several large firms located in the core, with small firms operating as a fringe. We test the net effect of opposing market size (cooperative) and market share (predatory) effects of both fringe and core firm advertising on the advertising decisions of large firms in several US consumer industries. Empirically, fringe firm advertising leads to an increase in advertising efforts by large firms, implying strategic complementarity. On the other hand, increased advertising by core firms in an industry decreases advertising expenditures of other core firms, indicating they are strategic substitutes. Our findings imply that equilibrium levels of advertising can be greater with asymmetric, rather than symmetric, strategic interactions.     

集团背景下科技企业债务融资对创新投入的影响

选取深沪上市集团中高科技企业数据,实证检验集团背景下债务融资是否具有促进企业创新投入的“积极投资假说”效应;在不同产权性质与组织结构下,验证了集团内部资本市场对“挑选胜者”效应的中介作用;最后,实证检验了集团内部资本市场在发挥关联担保效应中的调节作用。该研究结论丰富了集团背景下债务融资与创新投入关系的研究。     

Advertising and Competition for Market Share between a New Good Producer and a Remanufacturer

We study the strategic interaction between a new good producer and a remanufacturer who use advertising campaigns to compete for a dominant share of the market for a certain good. Each firm chooses one of three possible strategies for running its advertising campaign. The two rival firms care only about capturing a dominant share of the relevant market. Hence, if a firm expects to capture dominant market share with probability p ∈ [0, 1], then its payoff in the game we study is also p. Our analysis leads to four results. First, we provide the normal form representation of the game between the new good producer and the remanufacturer. Second, we specify the game in matrix form. Third, we indicate what happens at each stage of the elimination of strictly dominated strategies. Finally, we show that the iterated elimination of strictly dominated strategies yields a clear and unique prediction about the outcome of the advertising game.     

Intangible capital,market share and corporate strategy

This paper theoretically and empirically identifies the determinants of firm profitability and market share for twelve broadly defined US manufacturing industry groups. The effects of advertising, research and development, and diversification on profitability and market share are econometrically tested for each industry group, and corporate strategy implications of the results are considered. One major result of the analysis is that research and development (R&D) tends to be much more effective as a means of enhancing firm profitability than advertising, and research and development spending decisions are more closely related to the profitability of R&D than advertising decisions are related to the profitability of advertising.     

The relation between asset growth and the cross-section of stock returns: Evidence from the Chinese stock market

This study examines the effect of firm investment on stock returns by using data on the Chinese stock market. We find that stocks with higher investment experience lower future returns and there is an obvious investment effect in the Chinese stock market. The investment effect is stronger for firms that have higher cash flows, lower debt or for state-owned firms. We further explore the relation between investment and returns over the 3 years around portfolio formation. The results show that the high investment firms earn higher returns than low investment firms before portfolio formation; however the high investment firms earn lower returns than low investment firms after portfolio formation, such evidence is supportive of investor's overreaction explanation. Additionally, the stock returns don't necessarily decrease after investment, and the stock returns don't significantly positively correlate with firm profitability or book-to-market, so the result don't support risk-based explanation. Overall, both our portfolio sort and two-stage cross-sectional regression analysis show that behavioral finance theories are better than risk-based theories in explaining the investment anomaly. Evidence from the Chinese stock market provides a useful perspective to understand the debate on the investment anomaly.     

投资银行声誉机制有效性——执业质量与市场份额双重视角的研究

本文从“事后的”IPO折价、投行市场份额的增长和发行公司质量等多个角度检验了中国投资银行声誉机制的有效性。和以往的研究不同,本文从市场份额和执业质量两个维度衡量投资银行声誉。其中,投行执业质量用投行承销的IPO公司会计业绩“变脸”率来衡量。研究结果显示,尽管单纯考虑市场份额或执业质量时,这些变量对IPO发行折价均无显著影响,但若同时将两者纳入分析框架,并考虑其交互作用,投行声誉的作用就能显著表现出来:市场份额高且执业质量好的投行可以显著降低IPO发行折价,并且能够在未来获得更多数量以及更高质量的上市公司认可。