共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
An important issue when conducting stochastic frontier analysis is how to choose a proper parametric model, which includes
choices of the functional form of the frontier function, distributions of the composite errors, and also the exogenous variables.
In this paper, we extend the likelihood ratio test of Vuong, Econometrica 57(2):307–333, (1989) and Takeuchi’s, Suri-Kagaku (Math Sci) 153:12–18, (1976) model selection criterion to the stochastic frontier models. The most attractive feature of this test is that it can not
only be used for testing a non-nested model, but also still be applicable even when the general model is misspecified. Finally,
we also demonstrate how to apply this test to the Indian farm data used by Battese and Coelli, J Prod Anal 3:153–169, (1992), Empir Econ 20(2):325–332, (1995) and Alvarez et al., J Prod Anal 25:201–212, (2006). 相似文献
2.
Ruey-Ching Hwang Jhao-Siang Siao Huimin Chung C. K. Chu 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2011,36(3):263-273
We use a stochastic frontier model with firm-specific technical inefficiency effects in a panel framework (Battese and Coelli
in Empir Econ 20:325–332, 1995) to assess two popular probability of bankruptcy (PB) measures based on Merton model (Merton in J Financ 29:449–470, 1974) and discrete-time hazard model (DHM; Shumway in J Bus 74:101–124, 2001). Three important results based on our empirical studies are obtained. First, a firm with a higher PB generally has less
technical efficiency. Second, for an ex-post bankrupt firm, its PB tends to increase and its technical efficiency of production
tends to decrease, as the time to its bankruptcy draws near. Finally, the information content about firm’s technical inefficiency
provided by PB based on DHM is significantly more than that based on Merton model. By the last result and the fact that economic-based
efficiency measures are reasonable indicators of the long-term health and prospects of firms (Baek and Pagán in Q J Bus Econ
41:27–41, 2002), we conclude that PB based on DHM is a better credit risk proxy of firms. 相似文献
3.
Identification-commitment inventory (ICI model): confirmatory factor analysis and construct validity
Marina Romeo Montserrat Yepes Rita Berger Joan Guàrdia Cristina Castro 《Quality and Quantity》2011,45(4):901-909
The aim of this study is to confirm the factorial structure of the Identification-Commitment Inventory (ICI) developed within
the frame of the Human System Audit (HSA) (Quijano et al. in Revist Psicol Soc Apl 10(2):27–61, 2000; Pap Psicól Revist Col Of Psicó 29:92–106, 2008). Commitment and identification are understood by the HSA at an individual level as part of the quality of human processes
and resources in an organization; and therefore as antecedents of important organizational outcomes, such as personnel turnover
intentions, organizational citizenship behavior, etc. (Meyer et al. in J Org Behav 27:665–683, 2006). The theoretical integrative model which underlies ICI Quijano et al. (2000) was tested in a sample (N = 625) of workers in a Spanish public hospital. Confirmatory factor analysis through structural
equation modeling was performed. Elliptical least square solution was chosen as estimator procedure on account of non-normal
distribution of the variables. The results confirm the goodness of fit of an integrative model, which underlies the relation
between Commitment and Identification, although each one is operatively different. 相似文献
4.
Sanna-Mari Hynninen 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2009,31(1):15-26
This paper investigates the technical efficiency of labor market matching from a stochastic frontier approach. The true fixed-effects
model (Greene J Prod Anal 23:7–32, 2005a; J Econom 126:269–303, 2005b) is utilised in order to separate cross-sectional heterogeneity from inefficiency, and inefficiency terms are modelled following
Battese and Coelli (Empir Econ 20:325–332, 1995). The data set consists of almost 17,000 observations from Local Labor Offices (LLOs) in Finland. According to the results,
there are notable differences in matching efficiency between regions, and these differences contribute significantly to the
number of filled vacancies. If all regions were as efficient as the most efficient one, the number of total matches per month
would increase by over 23%. The heterogeneity of the job-seeker stock is an important determinant of matching efficiency:
the weight of the composition of the job-seeker stock in the inefficiency terms is on average 85%.
相似文献
Sanna-Mari HynninenEmail: |
5.
Cultural norms & business start-ups: the impact of national values on opportunity and necessity entrepreneurs 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Diana M. Hechavarria Paul D. Reynolds 《The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal》2009,5(4):417-437
It has long been known that the level of entrepreneurship, indicated as the percentage of incorporated and unincorporated
nascent businesses relative to the labor force differs strongly across countries. This variance is related to differences
in levels of economic development (Wennekers et al. 2005), but also to diverging demographic, cultural, and institutional characteristics (Acs and Armington 2004; Busenitiz et al. 2000; Fusari 1996; Karlsson and Duhlberg 2003; Rocha 2004; Thurik et al. 2006; Wong et al. 2005). Incorporating an institutional perspective, the aim of this research is to test if culture, operationalized through the
World Values Survey (WVS) data, is a significant factor in predicting opportunity and necessity entrepreneurship rates at
the country level. Opportunity and necessity entrepreneurship rates will be averaged from the 2001 to 2003 Global Entrepreneurship
Monitor (GEM) and aggregated for 38 countries in this cross-sectional analysis. 相似文献
6.
《Socio》2021
Health2020 is a promising framework of policies provided by World Health Organization (WHO) aiming to diminish the health and well-being inequalities among the citizens of countries. European Union (EU) and its member-states participate to this ambitious framework. The deterioration of major demographic, social and environmental factors, in addition to the escalation of the economic crisis prevent the successful and, without restrictions, implementation of this framework. Under such conditions, there is a strong need for all the EU member-states to utilize their health and economical resources efficiently and wisely. In order to provide a unified and value-based approach of the Heath2020 framework, we take advantage of the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Dynamic DEA methods to evaluate the impact of the Health2020 policies. This approach pinpoints the countries that can be characterized as outperformers and the lagged ones. We adopt several versions of evaluation, in relation to the regional targets of Health2020, measuring both the effectiveness and the efficiency of EU countries from 2011 to 2016. We, also, examine the stability of the technological frontier of the countries using dynamic DEA. Our results showed the existence of major dividend lines between the outperformers and the other countries. The results also reveal a stability in technological changes indicating, probably, the slow development in this sector at the field of Health. 相似文献
7.
Foreign presence and efficiency in transition economies 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Victoria Kravtsova 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2008,29(2):91-102
This paper presents empirical evidence on the role of foreign presence in the performance of domestic manufacturing firms
in five Central and Eastern European countries. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was used to estimate a frontier for each sector
with similar technology common for five transition countries in the sample − Bulgaria, Estonia, Hungary, Poland and Romania.
Following Simar and Wilson (J Econom 136(1):31–64, 2007), this study applies a truncated regression and bootstrap technique in a second stage post-DEA analysis. Some evidence is
found to support the hypothesis that foreign presence has an overall positive spillover effects on the performance of domestic
firms. 相似文献
8.
Stochastic FDH/DEA estimators for frontier analysis 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
In this paper we extend the work of Simar (J Product Ananl 28:183–201, 2007) introducing noise in nonparametric frontier models. We develop an approach that synthesizes the best features of the two
main methods in the estimation of production efficiency. Specifically, our approach first allows for statistical noise, similar
to Stochastic frontier analysis (even in a more flexible way), and second, it allows modelling multiple-inputs-multiple-outputs
technologies without imposing parametric assumptions on production relationship, similar to what is done in non-parametric
methods, like Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), Free Disposal Hull (FDH), etc.... The methodology is based on the theory of
local maximum likelihood estimation and extends recent works of Kumbhakar et al. (J Econom 137(1):1–27, 2007) and Park et al. (J Econom 146:185–198, 2008). Our method is suitable for modelling and estimation of the marginal effects onto inefficiency level jointly with estimation
of marginal effects of input. The approach is robust to heteroskedastic cases and to various (unknown) distributions of statistical
noise and inefficiency, despite assuming simple anchorage models. The method also improves DEA/FDH estimators, by allowing
them to be quite robust to statistical noise and especially to outliers, which were the main problems of the original DEA/FDH
estimators. The procedure shows great performance for various simulated cases and is also illustrated for some real data sets.
Even in the single-output case, our simulated examples show that our stochastic DEA/FDH improves the Kumbhakar et al. (J Econom
137(1):1–27, 2007) method, by making the resulting frontier smoother, monotonic and, if we wish, concave. 相似文献
9.
This paper sums up in a common analytical structure the main results, scattered in economic literature, concerning the linearity
between rate of profit and real wage in a simple Sraffa’s model. The paper is mainly based on previous results of one of the
two authors and on results of Miyao (Int Econ Rev 18:151–162, 1977) and Schefold (Zeitschrift für angewandte Mathematik und Physik 27:873–875, 1976a; Zeitschrift für National?konomie 36:21–48, 1976b). 相似文献
10.
Vassilios D. Pyromalis George S. Vozikis 《The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal》2009,5(4):439-460
The succession process in family firms has by far been determined to be the most critical phase in the family business life-cycle
(e.g. Morris et al. Journal of Business Venturing 18:513–531, 1997; Wang et al. 2000) and characterized as the period in which most family firm fatalities occur (Handler and Kram Family Business Review 1:361–381, 1988). This paper is an empirical study on Greek family firms and seeks to identify the critical success factors that have a major
impact on the outcome of a generational transition in the leadership of the family firm. Based on an integrated conceptual
framework proposed by Pyromalis et al. (2006), we test the impact of five factors, namely the incumbent’s propensity to step aside, the successor’s willingness to take
over, the positive family relations and communication, succession planning, and the successor’s appropriateness and preparation
on both the satisfaction of the stakeholders with the succession process and the effectiveness of the succession process per se. The results provide a useful insight and confirm the importance of the
aforementioned factors in the succession process by mapping a safe passage through the family business succession process,
and by contributing not only to the overall family business literature but also generating strong arguments in favor of the
family firm as an integral entrepreneurial element for a region’s sustainable economic development. 相似文献
11.
Tai-Hsin Huang Chung-Hua Shen Kuan-Chen Chen Shen-Ju Tseng 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2011,35(2):143-157
The transition economies are known to have quite different market structures from the market economies. State-owned banks
accounts for a major part of the financial sector in East European countries before the transition period. Since the input
prices of the sector are frequently under the control of those governments, the misallocated resources may incur the loss
of economic efficiency. This paper attempts to gauge the technical and allocative efficiency using unbalanced panel data of
340 banks from 14 transition countries under the framework of the Fourier flexible shadow cost function. Accommodating technical
and allocative efficiencies simultaneously, as suggested by Atkinson and Cornwell (Int Econ Rev 35:231–243, 1994a) and Kumbhakar and Wang (J Econom 134:317–340, 2006a), avoids potential specification errors and leads to consistent parameter estimates. The average total cost savings resulting
from greater technical and allocative efficiency are around 28.31 and 7.13%, respectively. Foreign-owned banks are found to
be the most economically efficient. The enforcement of financial liberalization does gradually improve upon the sample banks’
technical efficiency. The allocative inefficiency arises from over capitalization and excess funds. Scale diseconomies appear
to prevail in the sample states with a few exceptions. 相似文献
12.
Since Solow (Q J Econ 70:65–94, 1956) the economic literature has widely accepted innovation and technological progress as the central drivers of long-term economic
growth. From the microeconomic perspective, this has led to the idea that the growth effects on the macroeconomic level should
be reflected in greater competitiveness of the firms. Although innovation effort does not always translate into greater competitiveness,
it is recognized that innovation is, in an appropriate sense, unique and differs from other inputs like labor or capital.
Nonetheless, often this uniqueness is left unspecified. We analyze two arguments rendering innovation special, the first related
to partly non-discretionary innovation input levels and the second to the induced increase in the firm’s competitiveness on
the global market. Methodologically the analysis is based on restriction tests in non-parametric frontier models, where we
use and extend tests proposed by Simar and Wilson (Commun Stat Simul Comput 30(1):159–184, 2001; J Prod Anal, forthcoming, 2010). The empirical data is taken from the German Community Innovation Survey 2007 (CIS 2007), where we focus on mechanical engineering
firms. Our results are consistent with the explanation of the firms’ inability to freely choose the level of innovation inputs.
However, we do not find significant evidence that increased innovation activities correspond to an increase in the ability
to serve the global market. 相似文献
13.
Sports leagues in different parts of the world are set up in different ways, some as open leagues and some as closed leagues.
It has been shown that spending on players is higher in open leagues (Szymanski and Ross 2000; Szymanski and Valletti Rivista di Politica Economica 95:3–39, 2005). This paper extends these studies, finding that sports leagues that practice promotion and relegation will have unambiguously
higher aggregate spending on player talent than closed leagues. This will lower profits in the open league, but increase fan
welfare. 相似文献
14.
Léopold Simar 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2007,28(3):183-201
In frontier analysis, most nonparametric approaches (DEA, FDH) are based on envelopment ideas which assume that with probability
one, all observed units belong to the attainable set. In these “deterministic” frontier models, statistical inference is now
possible, by using bootstrap procedures. In the presence of noise, envelopment estimators could behave dramatically since
they are very sensitive to extreme observations that might result only from noise. DEA/FDH techniques would provide estimators
with an error of the order of the standard deviation of the noise. This paper adapts some recent results on detecting change
points [Hall P, Simar L (2002) J Am Stat Assoc 97:523–534] to improve the performances of the classical DEA/FDH estimators in the presence of noise. We
show by simulated examples that the procedure works well, and better than the standard DEA/FDH estimators, when the noise
is of moderate size in term of signal to noise ratio. It turns out that the procedure is also robust to outliers. The paper
can be seen as a first attempt to formalize stochastic DEA/FDH estimators.
相似文献
15.
The literature on the spillover effects of trade and inflows of foreign direct investment (FDI) has concentrated on technological externalities. Little effort has been directed towards identifying their efficiency externalities. This paper measures the efficiency externalities of trade and various forms of foreign investment for a sample of 20 OECD countries between 1982 and 2000 using a stochastic frontier approach. Trade and all foreign investment inflows are found to enhance efficiency, whereas outflows of FDI are found to exacerbate inefficiency. The efficiency externalities from foreign investment are contingent on the absorptive capacity of the host economies. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
16.
In this paper, we examine the three facets of technology: its creation, dispersion and absorption. We investigate whether differences in absorptive capacity help to explain cross‐country differences in the level of productivity. We utilize stochastic frontier analysis to investigate two potential sources of this inefficiency – differences in human capital and R&D – for nine industries in 12 Organization for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD) countries over the period 1973–91. We find that inefficiency in production does indeed exist and it depends upon the level of human capital of the country's workforce. Evidence that the amount of R&D an industry undertakes is also important is less robust. 相似文献
17.
We measure productivity in leading edge economic research by using data envelopment analysis (DEA) for a sample of 21 countries belonging to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Publications in ten top journals of economics from 1980 to 1998 are taken as the research output. Inputs are measured by R&D expenditure, the number of universities with economics departments and (as an uncontrollable variable) population. Under constant returns-to-scale, the US emerges as the only efficient country. Under variable returns-to-scale, the efficiency frontier is defined by the US, Ireland and New Zealand. With the exception of the US, all countries in our sample display increasing returns-to-scale, and thus have the potential to raise their efficiency by scaling up their research activities. 相似文献
18.
Analysis of the behavior of technical inefficiency with respect to parameters and variables of a stochastic frontier model
is a neglected area of research in frontier literature. An attempt in this direction, however, has recently been made. It
has been shown that in a “standard” stochastic frontier model that both the firm level technical inefficiency and the production
uncertainty are monotonically decreasing with observational error. In this paper we show, considering a stochastic frontier
model whose error components are jointly distributed as truncated bivariate normal, that this property holds if and only if
the distribution of observational error is negatively skewed. We also derive a necessary and sufficient condition under which
both firm level technical inefficiency and production uncertainty are monotonically increasing with noise-inefficiency correlation.
We next propose a new measure of the industry level production uncertainty and establish the necessary and sufficient condition
for firm level technical inefficiency and production uncertainty to be monotonically increasing with industry level production
uncertainty. We also study the limiting probabilistic behavior of these conditions under different parametric configuration
of our model. Finally we carry out Monte Carlo simulations to study the sample behavior of the population monotonic property
of the firm level technical inefficiency and production uncertainty in our model.
相似文献
Arabinda DasEmail: |
19.
This paper shows how to compute the standard errors for partial effects of exogenous firm characteristics influencing firm
inefficiency under a range of popular stochastic frontier model specifications. We also develop an R2-type measure to summarize the overall explanatory power of the exogenous factors on firm inefficiency. The paper also applies
a recently developed model selection procedure to choose among alternative stochastic frontier specifications using data from
household maize production in Kenya. The magnitude of estimated partial effects of exogenous household characteristics on
inefficiency turns out to be very sensitive to model specification, and the model selection procedure leads to an unambiguous
choice of best model. We propose a bootstrapping procedure to evaluate the size and power of the model selection procedure.
The empirical application also provides further evidence on how household characteristics influence technical inefficiency
in maize production in developing countries.
相似文献
Yanyan LiuEmail: |
20.
Faraz Alireza Kazemzadeh R. B. Moghadam M. B. Parsian Ahmad 《Quality and Quantity》2012,46(4):1323-1336
Faraz and Parsian (Stat Pap 47:569–593, 2006) have shown that the double warning lines (DWL) scheme detects process shifts more quickly than the other variable ratio
sampling schemes such as variable sample sizes (VSS), variable sampling intervals (VSI) and variable sample sizes and sampling
intervals (VSSVSI). In this paper, the DWL T2 control chart for monitoring the process mean vector is economically designed. The cost model proposed by Costa and Rahim
(J Appl Stat 28:875–885, 2001) is used here and is minimized through a genetic algorithm (GA) approach. Then the effects of the model parameters on the
chart parameters and resulting operating loss is studied and finally a comparison between all possible variable ratio sampling
(VRS) schemes are made to choose the best option economically. 相似文献