加强财务管理 提高企业竞争力

财务管理是经济管理工作的重要基础,它关系到企业的生存和发展。农垦企业改革的深化要求加强财务管理,完善财务会计制度,特别是要求财务管理更好地为改革服务,为企业参与市场竞争服务,为提高企业经济效益服务。笔者针对农垦企业财务管理中存在的一些问题,就如何做好财务管理工作进行探讨。一、经济运行中财务管理工作存在的问题1.资金管理薄弱。财务管理的中心环节是资金管理。有的农垦企业资金管理严重失控,没有严格的审批制度、清理制度。企业资金没有计划,盲目使用;资金存量分散,多头开户,资金内部不能流动调剂,造成资金结构性短缺;资金…     

论处理好企业一支笔审批与财务管理制度的关系

<正>为了加强企业财务管理,企业内部都建立了各项财务管理制度,尤其是建立各种牵制制度,如实行资金一支笔审批制度、民主理财制度、大额资金管理制度以及财务刚性预算管理制度等,多数企业都能处理好各项管理制度的关系。但据笔者调查,有些单位仍然存在很多问题,集中体现在     

突出重点 统筹兼顾 加快推进垦区企业财务精细化管理

<正>近年来,垦区企业采取了一系列加强管理的措施,财务管理水平不断提高。同时,仍存在财务基础工作不扎实、内部控制制度不严、重大投资决策机制、资金管理和使用机制缺失、防范风险能力不强等问题。财务管理是企业管理的重要内容,贯穿于企业生产经营的全过程,财务管理水平的高低直接影响企业的生存和发展。企业只有运用精细化管理理念,提高财务精细化管理水平,才能获取更多的利润,促进企业健康持续发展。     

论零营运资金管理

<正>以零营运资金为目标,对企业的营运资金实行“零营运资金管理”的方法,已成为90年代以来企业财务管理中一项卓有成效的方法。在我国随着现代企业制度改革的深化和企业经营管理的加强,企业理财的重要性也与日俱增,因此,“零营运资金管理”的方法,对我国企业也有着十分重要的借鉴意义。     

关于建立规范的收购专用凭证结算制度的设想

如何做到既保证收购资金供应、不给农民打“白条”,又防止收购资金被挤占挪用和流失,是粮棉油收购资金供应与管理中的一个突出难题。探索一个科学的制度和方法,较好解决这一收购资金管理难题,具有理论与实践的双重意义。本文据此对收购专用凭证结算制度的建立及运作进行一下初探。　　一、建立收购专用凭证结算制度的必要性收购专用资金被挤占挪用,向农民打“白条”的一个重要原因就是在粮棉油政策性收购资金管理中缺少一个具有制约贷款企业行为的科学生产制度,而利用收购专用凭证进行结算就能有效地制约贷款企业的任意行为,确保收购资金的…     

浅谈企业资金的内部控制

<正>资金是企业生存与发展的基础,是企业进行经营活动的基本条件,其高流动性使之能转换为其他任何类型的资产。因此,必须建立健全资金的内部控制制度,加强企业资金的管理,确保企业资金安全完整、正常周转和合理使用。而要建立健全行之有效的内控制度,应针对企业经营活动中的各项风险点,对业务流程重新组合,按照“职能分割,制约监督”的原则,建立业务管     

黑龙江国有林区社会保障问题探讨

分析黑龙江国有林区社会保障体系的现状,指出目前存在的资金缺口大、企业负担重、体制不健全和管理机构不完善等方面存在的问题,从经济和传统观念,法制、政策等两方面分析制约黑龙江国有林区社会保障水平提高的主要因素,提出从提高职工保障意识、完善社会保险制度、改变资金筹措和管理方式、扩大社会保障资金来源等方面进行改革,从而进一步完善黑龙江国有林区社会保障制度。     

养老企业的现金流管理

养老企业面临前期投入大、成本高、利润低和回本速度慢等问题。现金流管理直接影响养老企业的运营和发展。养老企业的现金流管理有着不同于其他行业企业的特点。养老企业现金流管理的主要问题有,对现金流入缺乏统一的管理,存在收支一条线现象;对现金流缺乏统一筹划和动态管理,资金利用效率较低;对现金流缺乏全过程的管理,不利于风险控制。养老企业应建立数字化平台,采用现金池管理模式,开展现金流预算管理,对现金流管理建立并实施定期审计制度。     

强化资金管理 追求真实效益

谈起资金管理,似乎是一个老生常谈的向题。但在新形势下,加强资金管理己变得十分迫切。就供销合作社企业而言,近几年来,随着改革的深化,企业进一步增强了活力,但是,由于受市场、宏观调控政策等外部环境的影响,以及企业内部管理制度不健全、不配套,"重经营、轻管理"和资金观念淡薄等诸多因素的制约,资金占用恶性膨胀,财务状况恶化日趋严重。因此,总结近几年来资金管理工作的经验,探索市场经济条件下加强资金管理、提高企业经济效益的新途径,十分必要。一、增强资金观念与效益观念资金,是企业各种物质经营手段和物质资料的货币表现。企业的商品流转过程,同时也是资金的周转运动过程,资金在运动中的增值,即表现为企业的财务成果。因此,资金管理工作的优劣,对经     

浅论粮食企业加强资金管理的措施

粮食企业的发展壮大,资金是贯穿于每个环节的纽带,若投资不当、管理不到位就会造成资金链出现问题,资金周转不流畅会给粮食企业经济效益带来严重影响。粮食企业资金经营管理有活力,尤如给粮食企业增添新鲜血液,能带动企业蓬勃发展。文章从现阶段粮食企业资金管理存在的主要问题入手,分析了加强资金管理,提高资金效益的措施,以便降低经营成本,大幅度提高粮食企业经济效益。     

Price transmission between products at different stages of manufacturing in forest industries

The theory of demand and supply implies a positive relationship, or “price transmission” between the prices of products at different stages of manufacturing. This relationship was investigated with quarterly prices of softwood stumpage in the US South, and national prices of forest products, from 1977 to 2002. All prices, net of inflation, were found to be nonstationary and there was no evidence of co-integration between prices. Vector autogressive models, augmented by Granger causality tests and multiplier analysis showed that there was a one-to-one permanent positive response of the southern sawtimber stumpage price to a permanent change in the national lumber price. There was also a one-third permanent positive response of the national paper price to a permanent change in the national pulp price. There was no relation between regional pulpwood prices and national pulp or paper prices. When price transmission was significant, the full adjustment took about 2 years.     

Application of an ecosystem function framework to perceptions of community woodlands

Owners, local residents, government, and conservation organisations can express divergent preferences in the development and management of local woodlands. The perceptions of these four groups were examined, in the context of three community woodlands in Eastern England, using an ecosystem function framework. In a pilot study, residents were able to allocate a relative importance to woodland ecosystem services which were then related to “regulation”, “habitat”, and “production” or “information” functions. However residents also placed importance on negative services or “dis-services” associated with the woodland ecosystem. Therefore a fifth category of “dis-services” was included in the main survey which included 84 local residents, three woodland owners, three government institutions, and six representatives from conservation groups. Each of the four groups placed greatest importance on services associated with habitat (16–39% of the total importance) and information (30–50%) functions suggesting, in this example, mutual interest in the use of woodlands as a habitat or recreational resource. By contrast a potential area of difference was the particularly high importance placed by one owner on dis-services such as fly tipping. In addition the woodland owners placed higher importance (10–20%), than local residents and conservation groups (7–9%), on the productive services of the wood. This suggests a need for communication when production-related operations affect recreation. The ecosystem function framework appears to be a useful approach for highlighting potential tensions and areas of mutual interest in the management of semi-natural ecosystems.     

The Effect of the Structural Adjustment Program on the Output,Prices and Exports of Major Agricultural Export Crops in Nigeria

The primary objective of this paper is to examine changes in the level of output, prices and exports of major export crops resulting from the Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) in Nigeria. THere two main sources of data: the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) through its annual reports, Economic and Financial Review, and the Nigerian Federal Office of Statistics (FOS) through its Trade Summaries. Although the SAP led to appreciable increases in output and producer prices, its effects on exports were insignificant. The implications of these for the implementation of the program are explored.     

In Vino ‘No’ Veritas: impacts of fraud on wine imports in China

China is one of the largest wine importing countries in the world and is poised for continued import growth in the future. Increased wine purchases throughout China have given rise to persistent fraud where fake wines are packaged and sold with counterfeit contents and labels. For exporting countries like France, counterfeit wines displace market share, damage foreign brand reputation, and cause distrust in consumers who are aware of counterfeiting problems throughout the country. We examine the impact of fraudulent wine events (as measured by negative media reports) on Chinese wine demand differentiated by supplying country. We employ the Rotterdam demand system and a switching regression procedure to estimate import demand and compare results across different media variable specifications. Results consistently show that negative reports disproportionately affect French wine regardless of how the media variable is specified. This is not surprising because most fraudulent events involve French wine counterfeits.     

An evaluation framework for earthquake-responsive land administration

In recent years earthquakes and their secondary hazards have claimed the largest number of lives of all large natural disasters. Some of the world’s most earthquake-prone zones are also areas of high population density. The impact is magnified by vulnerability factors including non-enforcement of building codes, knowledge gaps, urban poverty and poor governance capacity to manage and reduce earthquake risks. Poor security of land tenure and property rights increases the vulnerability of people and affects their ability to respond to natural disasters.Earthquake recovery and reconstruction provides very significant challenges for land agencies, with these challenges differing from one country to the next due to differences in the local context. Drawing on contrasting case studies in Haiti, Nepal and New Zealand this paper identifies the common post-earthquake land administration functions and challenges that may apply to many contexts. These lessons provide land agencies and other key stakeholders with a summary of the challenges an earthquake poses for land administration at different post-disaster stages. We also discuss the policy and regulatory, institutional, operational and preparedness lessons for land administration. From these lessons we propose a framework for evaluating the earthquake-responsiveness of a land administration system. This framework can be used by a land agency in an earthquake prone region, or where an earthquake has recently occurred, to assess what challenges to land administration might occur in the event of an earthquake, and the preparedness of their land administration system.     

Agrarian Poverty,Nutrition and Economic Class – A Study of Gujarat,India

This paper analyses poverty and calorific undernourishment in the Indian state of Gujarat, where high and market‐led industrial growth has resulted in rapid economic improvement. The study is carried out through a combination of secondary and survey‐based data. We conclude that the neoliberal agenda of uncontrolled, outward‐looking growth has not resulted in significant reduction of poverty or malnourishment in rural areas. Furthermore, while land ownership is officially used as a proxy for wealth distribution, class position appears a better predictor of poverty status in the rural areas than landownership per se. At the policy level, there is a need to revive the agrarian economy and create new non‐agricultural assets, and the primary focus in the state must shift to the distribution of created assets rather than a single‐minded focus on growth.     

Revealing different understandings of soil held by scientists and farmers in the context of soil protection and management

This paper aims to analyse and draw together results from similar studies in England, Switzerland and France which investigated farmers’ understanding of soil and compared it with that of scientists, researchers and advisors (collectively called scientists in this analysis). A range of methods were used across the three studies and different theoretical approaches, looking at forms of knowledge, local practice of knowledge production and conceptions of reality, were employed to explain the results. Despite the different contexts, methodologies and theoretical approaches in the three studies, the results reveal similar patterns of difference in farmer and scientist understanding of soil. In the English study, farmers demonstrate a ‘know-how’ form or intuitive working knowledge of soil while advisors rely on scientifically established forms of ‘know-why’ and seek to understand and explain soil processes. Similarly in the Swiss study farmers’ and scientists’ differing perceptions are directed and shaped by their respective aims, methods and context of work. In the French study, farmers and researchers are shown to have different conceptions of soil, they attribute different meaning to the same activities, and use different words and language to describe the same features. In all three studies understanding is shown to be cultural and contextual, as such an integrative theoretical framework is proposed.     

森林生物多样性评价模型的改进

针对2002年的评价模型中的不足,提出了新的改进后的森林生物多样性变化的评价模型,并在我国第六次森林资源清查(1999～2003)资料的基础上,对1973～2003年我国森林生物多样性的变化进行了补充评价。评价结果表明:我国森林生物多样性的压力越来越大,压力指数由1973年的100,上升到2003年的199.10,上升了1.99倍;森林物种多样性总体的下降趋势已有一定幅度的改变,森林物种多样性指数增加了31.12%。森林生态系统多样性和森林生物多样性先逐渐上升,尔后又下降,第六次森林资源清查时又有所恢复,并分别上升了4.67个百分点和17.90个百分点。     

Underpayment of Small Producers of Coffee and Cocoa in Sierra Leone

Fieldwork shows that many Sierra Leonean producers do not receive the official producer price for their coffee and cocoa, due to the concentration of buying stations, credit relations, the small quantities offered for sale, and the lack of marketing knowledge of the numerous and unorganized farmers. To the traders underpayment may seem economically justifiable to a certain extent, but to the farmers it means poverty and debt. A new village marketing centre project aims at remedying this situation and has already led to higher prices. Although no longer allowed to take their "just" share from the producers, traders are still willing to deal with the new centres.     

Does sustainable agricultural growth require a system of innovation? Evidence from Ghana and Burkina Faso

This paper tests the ‘systems of innovation’ hypothesis for a selection of crops in Ghana and Burkina Faso that have shown significant growth in production over an approximately 20-year period. The question is whether such growth can only occur if supported by a system of innovation. Using two indicators (a common understanding on objectives and priorities, and a high level of interactivity), we find little evidence for the existence of anything that might be considered a high functioning system of innovation.