共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Open Economies Review - This paper explores the macroeconomic and distributional consequences of consumption tariffs and materials tariffs. It highlights the contrasting effects of consumption and... 相似文献
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P. T. Stone 《The Review of Black Political Economy》1978,8(4):384-404
Conclusion Common to patterns found in other elites, the recruitment of the black elite is highly selective and biased towards certain kinds of individuals. Blacks who are female, not highly educated, who have low status occupation, or are not involved in conventional political activities are at a decisive disadvantage in the political arena. Serious obstacles, therefore, remain for the “average” Black—the overwhelming majority—who aspires to a political career. 相似文献
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Anti-smoking legislation in North America reached its peak early in the last century. In 1903, the Canadian Parliament passed a resolution to prohibit the manufacture, importation, and sale of cigarettes. Fifteen states in the United States banned the sale of cigarettes and 37 states considered prohibitory legislation. In both the United States and Canada, prohibition was part of the Progressive Movement. Cigarette prohibition was special interest regulation, but it was also the means by which crusaders sought to alter public behavior. In the United States, the cigarette lobby opposed cigarette prohibition while in Canada the French-Canadians offered the most vociferous opposition. An active Progressive Movement was the necessary condition for generating interest in prohibition, while the anti-prohibition forces played a significant role later in the legislative process. 相似文献
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Nolan Kopkin 《The Review of Black Political Economy》2017,44(3-4):203-232
I seek to determine whether race is a factor in how black representatives vote in the United States House of Representatives; if so, this suggests electing more black representatives may improve the economic and political position of blacks if policy positions taken by black representatives on bills that fail to pass would provide tangible positive impacts to members of the black community if passed. Confounding the impact of legislator race, districts represented by blacks on average are quite different than those represented by whites. While past research on this topic uses linear regression techniques with undesirable properties, I improve on past research using matching techniques with more desirable properties. Utilizing a combination of Mahalanobis and propensity score matching, within-caliper matching, and exact matching using data from the 100th–113th Congress, I show black representatives are more likely to vote in agreement with the majority of the Congressional Black Caucus on all votes and on Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights, Americans for Democratic Action, and Congressional Quarterly key votes, indicating a substantive racial impact on roll-call voting. 相似文献
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Review of World Economics - This article examines the trends and determinants of temporary movement of foreign workers (viz., mode 4 or movement of natural persons under trade ambits) into the... 相似文献
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United States and German Real Capital Formation and Social Investment in the Sciences and Humanities
Franz Gehrels 《Atlantic Economic Journal》2013,41(3):225-229
Two rules for optimizing economic growth are applied to the United States and Germany. One application is to test both against the Golden Rule of Capital Accumulation, and the other is to measure social investment in the sciences and humanities against Euler’s equation. 相似文献
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Do private capital markets insure regional risk? Evidence from the United States and Europe 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A striking feature of international economic relations is the limited extent of intertemporal trade and risk-sharing among nations. This paper uses data on consumption, income, and production from regions of the United States to address the question of whether the limited participation of national economies in international capital markets is a fundamental aspect of economic relations among large geographic regions, or whether it is specifically an artifact of international economic relations. We conclude that capital flows among the regions of the United States are significantly larger than those across countries. However, such private markets still provide a relatively limited degree of insurance against regional fluctuations. 相似文献
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This paper proposes a regime-dependent model to estimate fiscal multipliers in the US. Output, consumption and investment are assumed to respond to tax and spending changes in a nonlinear manner. Fiscal multipliers are time-varying because their size and sign depend upon the state of the economy (upturns and downturns). Keynesian effects appear essentially during downturns, while anti-Keynesian effects are observed during expansions. Transfer payments contributes to a higher private consumption when they are given to consumers in bad times. Reducing taxes boosts consumption in good times. Investment responds positively to lower taxes during downturns, but negatively in the upturn regime. Our results thus suggest that Keynesian effects have been associated to expansionary policies during recessions, while anti-Keynesian effects were observed during expansions illustrating situations of expansionary fiscal consolidation. The effectiveness of fiscal positive impulses increases in downturns relative to upturns. A corollary is therefore that austerity measures during recessions would have detrimental effects on the GDP and its components. 相似文献
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EMEKA T. NWAEZE 《Contemporary Accounting Research》1998,15(4):547-573
Electric utilities in the United States are subject to a cost-plus normal profits pricing that is designed to align the market value of equity with the balance sheet book value. Perfect alignment implies the equality of the market and book values. Extant empirical evidence suggests that, for these utilities, actual cost/profit recovery does not follow a pure cost-plus pricing, raising the prospect that income statement items contribute to the determination of market value. What is not obvious is the extent to which the noted departure from pure cost-plus pricing results in misalignment of the market and book values, or the relative contribution of income statement items to the valuation of electric utility shares. This study pursues this question, using benchmark results for a sample of manufacturing firms to highlight the degree of market-to-book alignment for regulated and competitive firms. The results show a considerable alignment of the market and book values for utilities. In examining the relevance of book value and income statement items in the determination of market value, it is found that the contribution of earnings level to explaining market value diminishes markedly in the presence of book value for electric utilities, and the contribution of earnings change to explaining returns diminishes markedly in the presence of earnings levels. Earnings level complements book value in explaining market value for manufacturing firms, while earnings change complements earnings level in explaining returns. The results further show that the market and accounting values exhibit pronounced misalignments in returns-earnings models, especially for utilities. 相似文献
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This paper investigates the incidence of National Insurance contributions (NICs) in the UK, exploiting the ceiling that applied to employee and employer contributions between 1975 and 1985 and to employee contributions only between 1986 and 2007. Using data from the New Earnings Survey Panel Dataset, a mandatory survey of British employers’ payroll records, we show there was no dip in the earnings density at the ceiling in either period, suggesting that the earnings of those near the ceiling were unresponsive to the change in tax rates. The absence of such a dip allows us to test which of labour cost, gross earnings or net earnings are smooth around the threshold. As shown by Alvaredo et al. (De Econ, 2017. doi: 10.1007/s10645-017-9294-7), this is informative about the incidence of the change in tax rates at the threshold on those located nearby. We cannot reject the hypothesis that it is gross earnings that are smooth around the threshold, which may reflect a substantive role for statutory incidence in determining economic incidence. However, a lack of statistical power means that, while in some cases we can reject the hypotheses that the full economic incidence of NICs are borne by one side of the market, our results taken alone are also consistent with a wide range of less extreme incidence shares. 相似文献
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背景美国总统奥巴马9月11日宣布,对所有从中国进口的小轿车和轻型卡车轮胎实施惩罚性关税。美国钢铁工人联合会今年4月以中国对美轮胎出口扰乱美国市场为由,向美国国际贸易委员会提出申请,对中国产乘用车轮胎发起特保调查。 相似文献
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后冷战时期中国人对美国的看法与思考 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
冷战结束后,中国人对美国的看法是多方面、多层次的,包括对美国的政治、经济、文化、社会、思想、对外政策等等的认识,而且那些看法是变动不居的,要对他们在各个问题上的看法作出准确的统计和精确的判断,是相当困难的.如果需要找到一个词来概括中国人在冷战后认识和思考美国问题的最基本和最普遍的特征,那么疑虑可能是最恰如其分的.不论是从思考的起点,思考的心理状态,还是目前思考所处的状态等哪一方面看,都是如此. 相似文献
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《Southern economic journal》2016,82(4):1059-1061
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美国创业投资情况考察纪行 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
2000年 11月 13日至 12月 2日,由国家科技风险开发事业中心和中科院行管局共同组织、来自各省科委、高新区、创业中心和金融单位及高新技术企业的 18名同志组成考察团,由中科院行管局段燕生局长带队对美国进行了考察。现将考察情况综述如下: 一、美国创业投资的基本情况 美国是世界上创业投资最成功的国家,有了创业投资才有了硅谷经济的神奇发展,才有了美国经济的长盛不衰。 20世纪 50年代,美国哈佛大学教授乔治·爱威特和一批新英格兰地区的企业家筹组的“美国研究开发公司”开创了现代创业投资的先河。 60年代以后,创业投… 相似文献
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The cross-section distribution of U.S. import prices exhibits some of the fat-tailed characteristics that are well documented for the cross-section distribution of U.S. consumer prices. This suggests that limited-influence estimators of core import price inflation might outperform headline or traditional measures of core import price inflation. We examine whether limited influence estimators of core import price inflation help forecast overall import price inflation. They do not. However, limited influence estimators of core import price inflation do seem to have some predictive power for headline consumer price inflation in the medium term. 相似文献