领导者风格影响企业变革的分析

文章采用案例研究方法,侧重企业管理中领导者行为与企业战略、组织结构变革的关联性研究。研究对象A公司的孕育期、变速发展期、蜕变期等各阶段发展脉络清晰,具有建投企业发展的典型特征。案例分析数据来源为企业有关文件、档案、报道、关键人物访谈、问卷调查等,以客观文件数据为主,访谈信息为辅。研究发现,建投企业组织结构变革形态受不同阶段领导风格影响,导致变革形态出现较大差异。变革型风格领导改革决心较大,在企业转型尤其是纵向跨越式发展时,组织结构偏好为矩阵/事业部式,组织结构变革形式倾向采取爆破式或计划式;家长式风格领导在企业遇到瓶颈并不得不纵向一体化发展时,组织结构偏好为职能式,趋向稳定管理需求。领导者风格与企业战略良好匹配对企业良性发展有正向影响。     

变革型领导对员工建言行为的影响机制研究

员工的建言与智慧贡献对企业的组织发展和创新有着独特的作用。本文基于社会交换理论,考察了变革型领导对员工建言行为的影响效果及其作用机制。研究发现:变革型领导对建言行为有显著正向影响,上级信任、组织信任、同事信任对建言行为也有正向影响,且上级信任、组织信任和同事信任在变革型领导与建言行为间有部分中介作用。最后认为可以从塑造变革型领导风格、加强员工对上级和同事的信任、营造建言氛围搭建多样化的建言平台等方面来促进员工向企业建言,促进企业的创新发展。     

平台推动变革？平台型领导对主动变革行为的影响研究

在数字化与信息化的时代背景下,越来越多的企业领导者通过构建数字平台以适应动态复杂环境。员工在此环境下投入主动变革行为时往往带有一定的未知性与风险性,而平台型领导具备平台搭建、变革规划以及包容等特征,能在一定程度上减少员工产生变革行为时潜在的不安全感,因此如何在平台型领导下激发员工主动变革行为值得探究。本文基于社会信息加工理论,构建了数字信息环境下平台型领导对员工主动变革行为的激发路径模型,探究与检验中国情境下平台型领导对员工主动变革行为的中介机制,考察传统性与价值观匹配的交互调节作用。基于对北京、上海等地9家互联网公司的270份两阶段追踪调查数据进行实证分析表明:平台型领导对员工主动变革行为具有显著的正向影响;组织支持感在两者之间起部分中介作用;传统性和价值观匹配均正向调节了组织支持感与员工主动变革行为的关系;传统性与价值观匹配的交互项调节了组织支持感与员工主动变革行为之间的关系,并进一步调节了组织支持感的间接效应。本研究对企业平台型领导者应对中国情境下数字化变革、激发员工主动变革行为具有一定的借鉴意义。     

战略导向视角下组织文化变革与双元能力的协同演化——基于科大讯飞的案例研究

组织文化是影响企业技术创新的重要因素,然而学术界对于何种组织文化更有利于技术创新尚无定论,探索性创新和开发性创新双元能力的构建对于企业发展也至关重要。本文在前人研究的基础上,构建了组织文化变革与技术创新能力互动演化的理论框架,并结合我国上市高新技术企业的案例研究,发现组织文化与技术创新方式之间存在适配性,活力型文化有利于探索性创新,团队型文化有利于开发性创新,而市场型文化有利于探索性创新和开发性创新的并存发展。并且从动态角度来看,在不同时期的战略导向下组织文化的变革路径与技术创新方式之间呈现协同演化的特征,组织文化的变革会影响技术创新方式,企业选择不同的技术创新方式也需要组织文化进行相应的转变,在此互动循环过程中,企业构筑了持续成长的竞争优势。     

变革型领导和交易型领导理论研究综述

领导方式对企业管理具有重要影响。变革型领导与交易型领导不同的内在维度导致二者在员工工作绩效、员工满意度、组织承诺、组织变革与创新等方面有着不同的作用。多数学者认为变革型领导在各方面较交易型领导都更为优秀,然而部分学者却证明领导方式与企业组织文化的匹配性才是决定组织管理成功与否的重要因素。摒弃对交易型领导的偏见,选择适合的领导方式对企业的发展具有重要的现实意义。     

变革型领导与员工组织承诺:工作嵌入的中介作用

本文通过对中国境内企业544位员工的问卷调查,研究变革型领导与员工组织承诺关系间员工的工作嵌入所起到的中介作用。结果表明,变革型领导对员工工作嵌入的"匹配""联系""牺牲"维度有显著正向影响;员工工作嵌入的"匹配""联系""牺牲"在变革型领导与员工组织承诺的正相关关系中中介作用明显。研究结果对于如何提高我国企业员工组织承诺具有重要的实践启示。     

变革型领导风格、组织即兴与组织创新的关系研究

在当前日益激烈的竞争环境下,创新是一个企业获取核心竞争力的关键因素,而变革型领导风格和组织即兴对组织创新成果产出有着重要的影响。本文在梳理国内外相关文献的基础上探讨了变革型领导风格和组织即兴对组织创新的作用机理与机制。本文采用问卷调查法,选取了我国长三角和珠三角150家科技型中小企业作为实证研究对象,共发放问卷260份,收到有效问卷198份,并采用多元回归分析的方法来分析和定量探讨变革型领导风格和组织即兴对组织创新的影响关系。研究结果表明:总体而言,变革型领导和组织即兴对组织创新具有正向的影响,同时组织即兴在变革型领导与组织创新之间起着部分中介作用。     

将创新内化为责任:变革型领导激发员工创新行为的新路径——一个有调节的中介模型

本文基于社会认知理论和计划行为理论,探讨建设性变革责任感在变革型领导激发员工创新行为过程中所发挥的中介作用机制,并依据社会交换理论分析中国文化情境下领导-成员交换对中介过程的调节作用机制。通过来自全国多个相对发达地区科技型企业的451份样本进行实证分析,研究结果表明,变革型领导对员工创新行为和建设性变革责任感均有显著正向影响,建设性变革责任感在变革型领导和员工创新行为之间发挥了中介作用,领导-成员交换在中介作用的第二阶段发挥了正向调节作用,进而发现了变革型领导激发员工创新行为的新路径——将创新内化为责任。     

制造企业商业模式内容创新构建机制与演化路径

商业模式内容创新意味着新价值主张提出亦或新价值创造活动的开展,是企业构建竞争优势,实现快速发展的重要路径.文章通过对金锣的纵向单案例研究,探索制造企业如何借助双元学习与组织敏捷性实现商业模式内容创新及其动态演化的机制,研究发现:制造企业凭借双元学习与组织敏捷性的交互匹配升级有助于实现商业模式内容创新,并使其呈现"市场需求型商业模式内容创新——技术创新、自身资源新利用型商业模式内容创新——循环互补型商业模式内容创新"的演进过程.在商业模式内容创新过程中与利用式学习相比,探索式学习在每一个阶段均发挥着重要作用;而组织敏捷性各维度作用力度的不同则与其商业模式内容创新事件相关.     

组织认同视角的企业高绩效工作系统对创新绩效的影响机制——基于华为案例研究

从组织认同理论出发,依托AMO模型,将企业高绩效工作系统对创新绩效的影响机制进行深入归纳分析,整理出能力-个人层面、动机-角色层面和机会-人际层面三条影响路径,构建了一个能够解释其中作用机制的理论模型。并以华为技术有限公司为案例,将企业发展历程分为创业阶段、变革阶段和全球化阶段,通过探究不同阶段的高绩效工作系统演化对创新绩效的影响,对模型加以论证和阐释。研究发现:企业高绩效工作系统是一个协同作用的整合体系,它通过促进员工的组织认同来提升创新绩效。基于此,提出对策建议:企业在构建高绩效工作系统时,要重视员工的组织认同,提高不同策略之间的协调性,并且依据企业所处的发展阶段制定有效的策略。     

Building effective organizations: transformational leadership,collectivist orientation,work-related attitudes and withdrawal behaviours in three emerging economies

Abstract

Previous cross-cultural research on transformational leadership has focused mainly on replicating the augmentation effects of transformational leadership over transactional leadership on followers’ attitudes and behaviours. Relatively few studies have systematically examined cultural impacts in moderating the influence of transformational leadership on work-related outcomes taking a cross-cultural perspective. Using a field survey of 577 employees from banking and financial sectors in three emerging economies, namely: China, India and Kenya, we examined the moderating effect of collectivism on the relationships between transformational leadership, work-related attitudes and perceptions of withdrawal behaviours. Our results found support for the moderating effect of collectivism on the relationship between transformational leadership and work-related outcomes, such as facets of job satisfaction, organizational commitment and perceptions of organizational withdrawal behaviours. In addition, our results lend support to the view that transformational leadership might be effective across cultures. The implications of these findings for future research on transformational leadership and cross-cultural research are discussed.     

Examining transformational leadership,job satisfaction,organizational commitment and organizational trust in Turkish hospitals: public servants versus private sector employees

Leadership, job satisfaction, organizational commitment and trust have become important processes for healthcare management in recent years. One of the contemporary human resource management functions in the organizations involves engaging in leadership development, improving organizational trust and organizational commitment and increasing job satisfaction. Considering the rapidly changing healthcare technology and higher levels of occupational complexity, healthcare organizations are increasingly in need of engaging in leadership development in any given area of expertise to address ever-changing nature of the industry and the delivery of quality of care while remaining cost-effective and competitive. This paper investigates the perceptions of both public servants and private sector employees (outsourcing) on transformational leadership, organizational commitment, organizational trust and job satisfaction in Turkish healthcare industry. Additionally, the paper analyzes the predictability of organizational commitment based on employee – both public servants (physicians, nurses, administrative personnel and other healthcare professionals) and private sector employees (outsourcing) (auxiliary services such as administrative assistants, security personnel, kitchen, laundry and housekeeping employees) – perceptions of transformational leadership, job satisfaction and organizational trust. Using a survey instrument with items adopted from the transformational leadership inventory (TLI) [Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Moorman, R. H., & Fetter, R. (1990). Transformational leader behaviors and their effects on followers' trust in leader, satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behaviors. Leadership Quarterly, 1, 107–142], the organizational commitment questionnaire [Meyer, J. P., & Allen, N. J. (1997). Commitment in the workplace: Theory, research, and application. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage], the organizational trust inventory (OTI) [Cummings, L. L., & Bromiley, P. (1996). The occupational trust inventory (OTI): Development and validation. In R. Kramer & T. Tyler (Eds.), Trust in organizations: Frontiers of Theory and Research (pp. 302–330). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage] and job satisfaction survey (JSS) [Spector, P. E. (1985). Measurement of human service staff satisfaction: Development of the job satisfaction survey. American Journal of Community Psychology, 13, 693–731], this quantitative study was conducted among 2108 healthcare employees (public servants and private employees) in two large government hospitals in Turkey. The study findings indicate a significant difference between the public servants and private sector employees in terms of their perceptions on two dimensions of transformational leadership (being an appropriate model, providing individualized support), overall transformational leadership and one dimension of job satisfaction (communication). The two dimensions of job satisfaction – operating procedures and communication – as well as organizational trust were the significant predictors of organizational commitment of public servants, whereas the two dimensions of leadership – individualized support and fostering the acceptance – as well as the two dimensions of job satisfaction – promotion and contingent rewards – and organizational trust were the significant regressors of organizational commitment of private sector employees. In addition, there is a significant difference between the predictors of the dimensions of organizational commitment (transformational leadership, job satisfaction and organizational trust) in terms of public servants versus private sector employees. Finally, organizational trust has a significant effect on overall organizational commitment as well as its three dimensions for public servants and private employees.     

Transformational leadership behaviors,the empowering process,and organizational commitment: investigating the moderating role of organizational structure in Korea

Transformational leadership has received growing attention in leadership studies. However, open questions remain concerning its operationalization and its universal effectiveness. Drawing on transformational leadership theory and leadership contingency theory, this study explores these issues in an Asian context. Survey responses from 491 employees working for foreign subsidiaries in Korea were analyzed. Given their multi-dimensionality, transformational leadership behaviors were framed as a two-dimensional structure: organization-related behaviors (OBs) and person-related behaviors (PBs). Findings showed that both OBs and PBs were mediated by psychological empowerment to determine organizational commitment. More importantly, the findings indicated that the empowering process driven by both leadership behaviors is contingent on organizational structure. Specifically, centralization negatively moderated the empowering process of PBs. Formalization positively moderated the empowering process of OBs and negatively moderated that of PBs. These findings have noteworthy value by virtue of quantitatively revealing the organizational structure wherein the empowering process of transformational leadership behaviors is effectively induced in South Korea. Based on the results, significant theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.     

Implementing Change in Public Organizations: The relationship between leadership and affective commitment to change in a public sector context

We propose and test a theoretical framework concerning the relationship between transformational leadership behaviour and affective commitment to change in a public sector context. We apply change management theory to explain how direct supervisors contribute to processes of organizational change, thereby increasing affective commitment to change among employees. While the change leadership literature emphasizes the role of executive managers during change, we conclude that the transformational leadership behaviour of direct supervisors is an important contribution to the successful implementation of change. Furthermore, the results show how the specific context of public organizations determines the transformational leadership behaviour of direct supervisors.     

Management Innovation and Leadership: The Moderating Role of Organizational Size

Recent research on management innovation, i.e. new managerial processes, practices, or structures that change the nature of managerial work, suggests it can be an important source of competitive advantage. In this study, we focus on management innovation at the organization level and investigate the role of leadership behaviour as a key antecedent. Due to its prominent role within organizations, top management has the ability to greatly influence management innovation. In particular, we focus on leadership behaviour and examine transformational and transactional leadership. Additionally, as contextual variables like organizational size may influence the impact of leadership, we investigate its moderating role. Findings show that both leadership behaviours contribute to management innovation. Interestingly, our study indicates that smaller, less complex, organizations benefit more from transactional leadership in realizing management innovation. On the other hand, larger organizations need to draw on transformational leaders to compensate for their complexity and allow management innovation to flourish.     

心理资本前因变量的理论探讨

在知识经济时代,人力资本与社会资本的投资是组织创造竞争优势的重要源泉,而心理资本的投资与开发则是组织创造竞争优势的基础和动力。心理资本是个体一般积极性的核心心理要素,组织氛围、心理授权、领导情绪智力、组织文化、高绩效工作系统等因素会影响员工的心理资本水平,因此,应从这些角度更好地开发和有效干预员工心理资本,来保持组织竞争优势。     

Exploring the linkages of green transformational leadership,organizational green learning,and radical green innovation

Radical green innovation is the necessary way for countries and firms to achieve sustainable development. Although the influencing factors of green innovation have attracted extensive attention, there is little research on the antecedents of radical green innovation. Drawing on organizational learning theory and attention-based view, this study proposes R-I ratio to measure the configuration of exploratory green learning and exploitative green learning, then analyzes the relationships among green transformational leadership, R-I ratio and radical green innovation, and examines the moderating effects of green R&D investment and environmental regulatory pressure. Based on a sample of 243 manufacturing firms in China's strategic emerging industries, the empirical results reveal that green transformational leadership promotes R-I ratio, and R-I ratio has inverted U-shaped relationship with radical green innovation. The results also find that green R&D investment plays U-shaped moderating role in the relationship between green transformational leadership and R-I ratio, and environmental regulatory pressure positively moderates the relationship between green transformational leadership and R-I ratio. The study not only reveals the relationships of green transformational leadership, organizational green learning and radical green innovation, but also provides theoretical guidance and management practice for manufacturing firms and government to promote radical green innovation.     

Predicting excellent management performance in an intercultural context: a study of the influence of multicultural personality on transformational leadership and performance

What makes a manager in an intercultural context an excellent performer? This question is the subject of the present study. The study examines the influence of the five dimensions of multicultural personality via transformational leadership on excellent performance in a sample of managers (N = 138) working in an expatriate assignment or in a job dealing with subordinates of different cultural backgrounds. As expected, cultural empathy, open-mindedness and social initiative were found to have a positive effect on transformational leadership. However, no significant effects were found from emotional stability and flexibility on transformational leadership. Furthermore, a more transformational leadership style led to higher performance in an intercultural context, which was measured using management performance appraisals. Since an indirect effect of cultural empathy, open mindedness and social initiative on performance via transformational leadership has been found in this study, it seems that both these dimensions of multicultural personality and transformational leadership are needed for excellent managerial performance in an international environment.     

Performance implications for the relationships among top management leadership,organizational culture,and appraisal practice: testing two theory-based models of organizational learning theory in Japan

The purpose of this study was to examine the interrelationships among top management leadership, organizational culture and human resource (HR) practices, and their associative effects on organizational performance. Based on the theory of organizational learning, we developed and tested two different causal models: (1) a feed-forward learning flow model in which supportive leadership by top management would create a community culture and HR practices within organizations; and (2) a feedback learning flow model in which a community culture would support the practice of supportive leadership by top management and HR practices within a firm. Our structural equation modelling (SEM) results for a sample of 225 Japanese small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Japan supported the second model, in which the dominance of a community culture within the firm is an antecedent of top management's supportive leadership, which in turn necessitates a performance-based appraisal practice and eventually leads to better organizational performance in terms of objective indicators of turnover and absenteeism rates and workforce productivity. The findings are used to discuss the role of top management leadership in a particular organizational culture from the organizational learning perspective. Limitations and directions for future research are also discussed.