Paying for advertising: advice for retailers

How best to pay an advertising agency is a long-standing debate, but up till now there has been little empirical evidence upon which to base decisions. In a recent survey, retailers reported lower satisfaction with their advertising agency remuneration agreement than clients in any other sector. As remuneration has the potential not only to sour day-to-day relationships, but more significandy to provide incentives to the agency for better advertising, a better agency service and value for money, getting it right is without doubt an important task. This paper examines the factors that are associated with satisfaction, notably the methods and practices of remuneration employed, the characteristics of the advertising task and advertiser situation, and advertiser attitudes on the equitability of the agreement. Findings indicate that changes to certain methods, practices and attitudes may be beneficial to both client and agency. Best-practice advice is offered, and conclusions drawn.     

给爱车找个好管家

你是个私车车主吗?爱车给你带来方便和乐趣的同时,让你操心的事一定也不少,想没想过为它找个可靠的管家呢?     

打造少儿品牌五大攻略

少儿并没有品牌意识,他们的品牌选择很大程度上来源于模仿。电视媒体作为少儿品牌投放的一个很好的平台,无形中对少儿品牌的消费对象产生潜移默化的作用,形成很好的广告效果,国内的少儿品牌市场仍然处于一片混沌的状态,这和中国本土品牌的营销理念和民族的消费文化心理都有关系,也在一定程度上映射出中国人的消费观和生活观。     

Searching for e-mentoring practices for SME staff development

The objective of this article is to consider e-mentoring models applicable for SME staff development. The article examines a study conducted collaboratively between a university of applied sciences and entrepreneurial organisation, ascertaining organisation members’ interest in e-mentoring for professional development. In this Finnish case, entrepreneurs’ skill deficits and e-mentoring’s possibilities as a learning support are identified, and the practicality and meaningfulness of different e-mentoring forms examined. The results indicate e-mentoring is expected to facilitate support from experienced entrepreneurs in practical professional development. Peer mentoring online was slightly preferred over one-on-one expert e-mentoring.     

论服务贸易补贴的多边规则

鉴于补贴对服务贸易可能产生的扭曲作用,建立和完善服务贸易补贴的多边纪律无疑是十分重要的。GATS有关服务贸易补贴的现行规定主要体现为第15条,另外,GATS第2条、第17条等也对其有间接规范作用。这些规定均存在缺陷与不足,因而服务贸易的多边谈判将服务贸易补贴作为了其项下的一个重要议题。但是截至目前为止,谈判仍未取得重要进展。我国则应积极关注和参与谈判,并以适当的方式设置我国的服务贸易补贴。     

山西旅游电子商务发展策略研究

山西省旅游资源丰富,旅游电子商务是山西旅游产业实现根本性变革和跨越式发展的最佳战略路径。目前,山西旅游电子商务具有一定的基础和规模,发展潜力巨大。所存在的问题主要是旅游网站建设水平和旅游信息质量不高、旅游服务缺乏特色、传统旅游企业和电子商务公司资源整合不够、缺乏高素质人才等。有关部门应构建旅游业协同商务平台,加强旅游网站个性化服务;探索"O2O"模式,实现线上线下旅游资源的整合;重视旅游移动电子商务的应用并加大相关人才的培养力度,以实现旅游业资源的充分利用,提高山西旅游业的整体竞争力。     

Proposals for a new order for the commodity markets

The following article pinpoints the elements of a possible new order for the commodity markets against the background of the existing market order for raw materials and proposals for its reform which have been made public. The existing order is briefly reviewed in the first part of the article while topical reform proposals are set out in the second part. The direction in which the search for a new international market order for raw materials should point so as to accommodate the various, often sharply diverging expectations and demands of the trading partners is indicated in the final part.     

高频往复试验机润滑性参考油的研制

参照进口润滑性参考油的规格指标,选择了稳定可靠的基础液(基础组分)并添加适量的调配组分,其中高润滑性参考油添加了润滑剂,低润滑性参考油添加了抗磨性极低的烃类,研制出理想的国产润滑性参考油,可以取代进口润滑性参考油,并用于HFRR试验机的校对。     

2021年价格形势分析与2022年展望

2021年以来,我国居民消费价格温和运行,工业生产者价格快速上涨。预计2022年CPI仍将延续温和运行态势,全年涨幅在2%左右,主要工业品价格中枢将趋于回落,PPI同比涨幅有明显下降,全年涨幅在2.2%左右。建议加强重点商品价格和价格总水平监测预测预警,持续做好重要民生商品和大宗商品保供稳价工作,加强重点领域价格调控和预期引导,保持宏观经济政策灵活适度,积极开展跨周期调节。     

正确认识和应对人民币升值的国际压力

近期,日美联手在国际上掀起了迫使人民币升值的浪潮.2003年2月,日本在西方七国财长会议上提出了迫使人民币升值的"广场协议"提案.针对发达国家迫使人民币升值的压力,作者提出了不同看法和缓解人民币升值压力的措施.     

2021年金融形势分析与2022年展望

2021年货币政策保持了逐步回归中性、恢复常态的势头。货币供应量和社会融资规模存量增速、市场利率与社会综合融资成本均延续了稳中有降的态势,人民币对美元汇率双向波动、小幅升值。2022年,我国金融平稳运行面临的外部环境更为复杂严峻,美联储退出QE的溢出效应将带来外部冲击,国内经济面临"三重压力",结构性通胀有望减弱,房地产金融平稳运行面临的风险挑战增多。稳健的货币政策要全力做好"六稳""六保"工作,着力稳定宏观经济大盘,保持经济运行在合理区间,充分运用结构性政策工具,加强定向调控,提高政策精准性。     

痴情为中国食品寻找欧洲"新郎"的人

欧洲存在一种害怕中国产品大量输出的思想,外国投资者和中国人因为隔阂彼此害怕,无法深入交流,于是有了本文主人公的“痴情”故事。     

2021年财政形势分析与2022年展望

2021年以来,我国财政运行保持了总体稳定、稳中向好态势,财政收入恢复性增长,财政支出平稳增长,体现了政策的连续性、稳定性和可持续性。展望2022年,中国经济仍然面临需求收缩、供给冲击、预期转弱三重压力,需要继续实施积极的财政政策。建议持续加大"三保"支出力度,推进制度性减税降费,进一步优化专项债使用,完善制度化资金直达机制,进一步提升积极财政政策的效能,更加注重精准、可持续。     

2021年经济形势分析与2022年展望

2021年以来,面对复杂严峻的国际环境和国内疫情散发多发等多重挑战,在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下,各地区各部门认真贯彻落实党中央、国务院决策部署,加强宏观政策跨周期调节,国民经济继续保持恢复态势,主要宏观经济指标处于合理区间。展望2022年,预计疫情风险将更加可控,中国经济有望延续平稳恢复的态势,扰动因素有望进一步缓解,预计中国经济增长整体仍具韧性,全年GDP增长有望保持5.5%以上。     

A simple method for estimating preference parameters for individuals

This paper demonstrates a method for estimating logit choice models for small sample data, including single individuals, that is computationally simpler and relies on weaker prior distributional assumptions compared to hierarchical Bayes estimation. Using Monte Carlo simulations and online discrete choice experiments, we show how this method is particularly well suited to estimating values of choice model parameters from small sample choice data, thus opening this area to the application of choice modeling. For larger sample sizes of approximately 100–200 respondents, preference distribution recovery is similar to hierarchical Bayes estimation of mixed logit models for the examples we demonstrate. We discuss three approaches for specifying the conjugate priors required for the method: specifying priors based on existing or projected market shares of products, specifying a flat prior on the choice alternatives in a discrete choice experiment, or adopting an empirical Bayes approach where the prior choice probabilities are taken to be the average choice probabilities observed in a discrete choice experiment. We show that for small sample data, the relative weighting of the prior during estimation is an important consideration, and we present an automated method for selecting the weight based on a predictive scoring rule.     

食用油厂快速处理污水的方法

食用油厂在制取和加工过程中产生的废水符合规定的排放标准后方可直接排放,而企业可选择合适的处理工艺和处理设施工业废水。基于此,本文详细介绍聚合氯化铝处理工艺,其净化水质好、处理速度快,排放水能达到规定的排放标准,从而减少食用油厂工业废水对环境的污染。