Investigation of giving behavior to united way using log-linear modeling and discriminant analysis: An empirical study

Giving behavior toward a charitable organization is modeled by two different procedures: discriminant analysis and a log-linear model. Although the discriminant procedure is beter known in marketing, the log-linear approach has less restrictive model assumptions and may more accurately represent the conceptual basis of consumer decisions. Two situations are considered: (1) a simple binary classification of the giving decision, and (2) a three-group case of no gift, small, and large gift. Utilizing a large data base and a holdout sample for comparative purposes, the log-linear procedure is found to be an attractive alternative to discriminant analysis in terms of correct classification of individuals. Research support for this study was provided by the School of Business, University of Louisville     

判别分析在医学建模中的应用

判别分析是用于判别个体所属群体的一种统计方法.本文根据已获得的实验数据,运用多元统计中的距离判别分析方法,建立起一种诊断乳房肿瘤是良性还是恶性的方法.为了节省费用,还可以运用多元统计中的逐步判别分析方法建立模型.     

Adjustment for bias in discriminant analysis

This paper demonstrates the use of an alternative technique when adjusting for bias in discriminant analysis (compatible with the use of R² and adjusted R² in regression analysis) for situations where a small sample size for groups exists. To demonstrate the technique, a simple random sample of 119 smokers was selected for the study. A discriminant analysis model was used to determine its predicting power in classifying the smokers into quitters, reducers, and nonchangers. Forty percent of the variability was attributed to group differences, which when adjusted, dropped to 34%. The model did significantly better than a random model in correctly classifying quitters and nonchangers, but was not effective in correctly classifying reducers.     

Personality,organization-specific attitude,and socioeconomic correlates of charity giving behavior

It should be noted that due to the composition of the sample, the specific findings of this study are not intended to be generalized to the population. The results of the discriminant analysis, nevertheless, provide some evidence that socioeconomic variables are more efficient than both organization-specific attitudes and personality variables in discriminating donors and nondonors. The analyses also show that personality variables used in this study do not contribute to a separation of nondonor/donor groups. Ford Motor Company The authors gratefully acknowledge the research support of University Research Committee, Ball State University in this study.     

Useful component analysis: Graphical views of marketing data

The authors present a proof demonstrating the relationship between general components and Fourier series. The process allows the inspection of all general components, not just principal components. The usefulness of Fourier plots for investigating general component structures is shown, and marketing applications of scale analysis, discriminant analysis, and classification analysis are presented.     

The unequal group size problem in discriminant analysis

The technique of multiple discriminant analysis has seen widespread use in marketing studies. In assessing the predictive efficiency of the derived discriminant functions, the proportional chance criterion is frequently used. This criterion is adequate except in situations when the classification groups are of greatly unequal size. The purpose of this article is to illustrate a procedure which adjusts the groups' sizes so as to allow effective use of the proportional chance criterion under a wider range of circumstances. The article presents an actual problem situation experienced by the author and the procedure used to overcome it.     

Validating the S-O-R paradigm for consumer involvement with a convenience good

The Houston and Rothschild S-O-R consumer involvement paradigm is tested for validity with measures of involvement for a shampoo purchase decision. A multitrait-multimethod matrix approach confirms the convergent and discriminant validity of the measure employed. A causal modeling analysis suggests that enduring involvement may work through situational involvement to influence consumer responses. Marketing implications are discussed.     

中国上市公司融资约束指数设计与评价

选取我国上市公司2000～2006年期间的财务数据,分别采用Logistic回归模型和多元判别分析法,构建了两个反映公司外部融资约束程度的融资约束指数——LFC和DFC指数。实证结果表明,两个指数均具有较高的判别能力,LFC指数的判别正确率为94.90%,DFC指数的判别正确率为90.00%,这两个指数的相关系数为0.709。在此基础上,借助于财务理论研究中广泛应用的投资—现金流敏感性工具,间接地对两个指数进行了实证检验。结果表明,流动性约束投资模型比Q投资模型能够更好地解释上市公司的投资行为;尤为重要的是,无论是以LFC指数还是以DFC指数为标准,高融资约束公司的投资—现金流敏感性均显著高于低融资约束公司。     

Estimating profit performance from similar profit centers

A decision model involving discriminant analysis provides a method by which both upper and middle managers can avoid some pitfalls that are likely to result in the substantially subjective process of pertbrmance evaluation of profit centers. It is designed to provide more objective, more timely, and possibly more accurate information. The model is not designed to estimate the return on investment for a profit center. The resulting discriminate score provides a direct evaluation of a profit center’s management.     

Benefit segmentation in the restaurant industry

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between personal values, demographics, life style, concern for nutrition, eating patterns, restaurant patronage patterns, and required benefits. To accomplish this, consumers were first clustered into four segments based on benefits sought in food preparation and food consumption. Second, univariate ANOVA and discriminant analysis are used to determine the nature of the hypothesized relationships. It was found that benefits are influenced by demographics, personal values, concernfor nutrition, and eating patterns. The data also suggest that required benefits influence restaurant patronage patterns.     

A longitudinal assessment of change in sales force turnover

The utility of salespeople’s job stress, perceived fairness, job satisfaction, thoughts of quitting, job comparison, and intention to quit for differentiating individuals who remained in the job from those who left was investigated by using a discriminant model, to anlayze data from two points in time. A model that employed residualized gain scores fromn=96 salespeople, was evaluated as were separate discriminant models for both data points. Change in salespeoples’ intention to quit discriminated effectively between sales force leavers and stayers. Intention to quit at the second time period was useful for classifying leavers and stayers. While the study design may account to some extent for the findings, these findings cast doubt upon the utility ofchanges in sales job incumbents’ job stress, job satisfaction, thoughts of quitting and job comparison predictors of voluntary turnover.     

综合类公司财务危机预警模型实证研究

资本市场的需求致使财务危机预警研究一直是一个热点话题。以1998-2004年深沪两市首次被ST的综合类上市公司为研究对象，用同行业且资产规模相近的盈利公司作配对样本，选择32个财务指标对ST公司与盈利公司的T统计量和Z统计量进行分析，探求两者是否存在显著差异。运用Fisher二类线性判别分析和二元逻辑回归，分别建立起上市公司发生财务危机前的3年的预警模型且用回代判定进行预测，得出若干结论。     

上市公司财务失败预测模型的预测能力比较

通过实证分析，建立了判别分析模型、主成分模型、主成分逻辑回归模型以及基于快速BP算法的ANN仿真模型四种财务失败预测模型，并对它们的预测能力进行了比较。结果表明，这四种方法都可以用来进行财务失败预测，但预测的效果是有差异的，基于快速BP算法的”州仿真模型是最有效的一种方法。     

Segmentation analysis of domestic airline passenger markets

The authors focus on market and behavioral factors involved in the choice of type of airline. Specifically, the paper addresses the extent to which price, income, occupation, sex, education, and several behavioral attitudes affect this choice. The data were analyzed using linear discriminant analysis. The results support the view that both economic as well as behavioral factors work to segment the airline travel market into several sets.     

Understanding the structure of consumers’ satisfaction evaluations of service delivery

This paper examines the current state of the literature concerning thestructure (i.e., conceptualization, taxonomy, and operationalization) of consumers’ satisfaction evaluations of a service delivery. In particular, relevant research in medical sociology, community health and marketing is reviewed. In so doing, advances as well as gaps in our current understanding of satisfaction evaluations are delineated. Drawing upon the services marketing, social psychology, and organizational theory literatures, we propose a hypothesis for the multiobject conceptualization of the satisfaction construct. This fills a major gap in previous research. Using data collected from four metropolitan areas, this hypothesis is subjected to empirical verification. Competing hypotheses are explicity considered. The proposed conceptualization is also tested for convergent, discriminant, and nomological validity. Overall, the results support a multidimensional-multiobject model of the satisfaction construct. However, the objects are the major source of variation in satisfaction evaluations, accounting for about 61% of the total variance. In addition, objectbased evaluations yield evidence of convergent, discriminant, and nomological validity. Implications for research into the structure of satisfaction evaluations for health care delivery in particular, and for multidyadic services in general, are discussed.     

论财务预警模型的构建——来自中国证券市场的经验数据

当前,上市公司的财务预警判别问题是国内外财务研究的热点,也取得了不少的成果,并建立了多种财务预警模型。以2009年主板上市公司的年度财务报表作为数据来源,从反映上市公司财务状况的偿债能力、盈利能力、营运能力、持续经营能力等四个方面考虑,初步确定了16个财务预警变量。首先通过单变量的描述性统计对这16个财务指标进行显著性判断;其次,采用多元统计中的逐步判别法确立出3个判别分析变量,从而构建了财务预警模型;最后,通过检验样本对该模型进行实证检验,证明该财务预警模型具有良好的判别效果。     

An emprical methodology for the ethical assessment of marketing phenomena such as casino gambling

The methodology proposed here exemplifies how psychometric measures can be dovetailed to assess ethical dimensions of social marketing phenomena such as legalized casino gambling. Three traditional ethical theories—Deontology, Teleology, and Distributional Justice—are incorporated in the methodology design. Reactions of metro household-heads to legalizing casino gambling in their city were obtained from an existing metro panel. A pro-gambling attitudinal scale developed for this purpose, and tested for its reliability, discriminant and nomological validity, was the basis for deriving valid and insightful teleological and distributive assessment measures. As expected, casino gamblers and gamers obtained higher pro-gambling scores than non-gamblers. While teleological and deontological justifications of casino gambling were decisively low, distributive-justice related conditional acceptance of casino gambling was higher.     

论解放思想无止境

本文阐述了解放思想是马克思主义的基本原则,是马列主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论的精髓问题,指出了解放思想的原则性、重要性、必要性和紧迫性,提出了继续解放思想的基本要求.     

The conceptualization and measurement of product usage

The purpose of this research is to identify the key conceptual dimensions of product usage, and to develop reliable and valid measures of product usage. Two different methods (a self-report questionnaire and a diary study), two samples, and four consumer durables have been used to develop the measures of usage. The results suggest that usage frequency and usage variety are two critical dimensions of product usage, and that the measures developed in this study for each dimension have high convergent and discriminant validity. The study highlights the importance of investigating usage in the post-purchase context, and helps to identify issues for future research.