中国资本流动风险预警研究

借鉴FR早期风险预警模型的研究方法,建立适用于预测我国资本流动脆弱性风险的预警系统。我国从未发生过货币危机,在风险预警模型建立时,只能使用我国资本流动脆弱性的变化作为被解释变量。通过计量分析发现:外汇储备/GDP、外汇储备/M2、GDP增长率与我国资本流动脆弱性变化相关性最强,应当作为我国当前预防资本流动脆弱性恶化的重点检测指标。     

新兴市场国家国际资本流动“突然停止”的影响因素分析--基于金融脆弱性的视角

在金融全球化的背景下,脆弱的国内金融体系会波及国际资本市场,导致国际资本流动发生剧烈波动甚至“突然停止”。运用面板Probit模型考察1976-2012年22个新兴市场国家国际资本流动“突然停止”的影响因素,着重探讨一国金融脆弱性对国际资本流动“突然停止”的影响。实证研究结果表明：一国的金融脆弱性对国际资本流动“突然停止”具有显著的负影响;金融开放会放大一国的金融脆弱程度,进一步提高国际资本流动“突然停止”的发生概率。     

农户生计资本脆弱性分析

通过对农户生计资本脆弱性的界定,笔者构建了农户可持续生计资本衡量指标,并在5省10县(市)422户农户生计资本状况调查的基础上,利用因子分析,对农户生计资本的脆弱性作出评价.结果显示,农户生计资本的脆弱性不仅在空间格局上存在差异,且这种差异主要体现在金融资本和人力资本上;影响农户生计资本脆弱性的主要因素是农户家庭可用资金数量、劳动力的就业及教育和职业培训状况.据此,笔者从发展农村小额信贷、开展住房贷款,以及制定职业培训规划、以就业促进人力资本提升两个方面提出了规避农户生计资本脆弱性的建议.     

外国证券投资与中国银行体系的脆弱性

随着中国外汇管制的逐步放松,不同形式的外国资本流入中国.不同形式的外国资本对中国经济金融稳定产生的影响不同,其中外国证券投资是最受质疑的一种外国资本形式.银行体系脆弱性是金融脆弱性的一种具体体现,通过建立外国证券投资与银行体系脆弱性的实证模型,来探讨中国利用的外国证券投资对中国银行体系脆弱性的影响,结论反映出外国证券投资增加了中国银行体系的脆弱性.     

短期资本流动对中国经济产出的影响

短期资本流动虽然与生产并无直接联系,但可以通过多种间接传导渠道影响产出,其最终影响程度取决于多种传导渠道的相互作用。本文运用符号限定的贝叶斯VAR(SBVAR)模型考察短期资本流动对中国产出的影响,经验结果表明:短期资本流入在整体上可能小幅地促进中国产出增长,但同时会造成相当幅度的产出波动。在目前短期国际资本大量流入中国的背景下,为了更好地实现经济增长与经济波动的权衡,同时避免金融脆弱性,政策制定者应当实时监测短期资本流动,并适度利用正向的产出传导渠道。     

基于生计资本的小农经济脆弱性反思

为反思小农经济脆弱性，构建“资本—风险—制度”分析框架，在此框架下从生计资本、生计风险和富民制度等三个维度对经济脆弱性的生成机制进行多重逻辑分析，指出小农生计风险的多元性和生计资本的匮乏性导致了小农生计的脆弱性，“输血性”制度以及生计资本的间接性、转化性导致了富民制度的悬浮性，经济脆弱性正是在小农生计脆弱性和富民制度悬浮性的内外双重因素作用下生成的。基于这一反思，从小农生计资本再造、生计风险规避和富民制度重构等三个维度提出解决小农经济脆弱性的规范进路。     

后危机时代我国银行业上市公司脆弱性影响因素研究

银行危机的频繁爆发给世界经济造成了巨额的损失,银行脆弱性作为引发银行危机的主要原因受到各国学者和监管当局的研究和重视,研究后危机时代银行脆弱性问题具有重要的现实意义.本文主要从银行脆弱性的影响因素角度来对我国银行业上市公司脆弱性问题进行研究.通过模型的建立,实证分析了影响我国银行业上市公司脆弱性的因素,从而对我国商业银行的稳健经营提出建议和意见.通过研究可以得出结论:宏观经济变量对我国银行脆弱性有显著影响;GDP增长率对银行脆弱性有显著负向影响,通货膨胀率对银行脆弱性有显著正向影响.中观金融变量的存贷实际利差只对我国国有控股银行的脆弱性有显著负向影响.微观银行变量对银行脆弱性有显著影响(其中,资本充足率、净资产收益率和资产规模对银行脆弱性呈显著负向影响;贷存比对银行脆弱性呈显著正向影响;拨备覆盖率与银行脆弱性关系不确定).     

国际资本流动的新特点与新趋势

在经济全球化的大背景下,国际资本流动在世界舞台上日益活跃,而它对世界经济的增长的贡献呈上升趋势.国际资本流动以前所未有的规模、惊人的速度和多样化的形式使全球国际资本急剧膨胀,使得国际资本流动呈现出新特点和新的趋势.     

国际资本流动模式及其国际经济影响模拟研究

国际资本流动是影响世界经济格局的重要因素,对中国未来的经济发展和在世界经济体系中的地位也起着关键性的作用.文章构建了一个经济一体化格局下包含创新机制的多国多部门的一般均衡模型,设计了两种国际资本流动模式,对不同国际资本流动模式驱使下各主要国家经济发展和产业分工格局进行了模拟.研究发现:(1)当前国际资本流动模式是介于投资回报率均衡模式和资本吸引力模式之间的混合模式,这种情景将使中国、印度等发展中国家获得较高的经济增长速度;(2)在混合模式情景下,各部门都存在产业重心从发达国家向发展中国家转移的趋势,劳动力密集型产业的转移幅度普遍高于资本密集型产业;(3)国际资本流动模式的改变对国家间经济关系和经济地位的变化具有显著影响:当国际资本流动完全遵循投资回报率均衡时,资本更倾向于流动到具有较大市场规模的发达国家,而当国际资本完全按照资本吸引力流动时,资本倾向于流动到发展中国家,而发达国家可能出现"再工业化"的现象.由于三种情景下均将长期处于资本净流出状态,中国需要制定合理的政策措施,对资本流动进行引导,提高资本吸收能力,突破当前国际资本流动格局的束缚.     

我国短期国际资本流动的影响因素——基于1994-2007年的实证研究

在对相关国际资本流动理论和研究进行回顾的基础之上,本文构建了影响我国国际资本流动的理论模型,并对1994-2007年我国国际资本流动进行协整和Granger因果关系检验.结论表明,良好的宏观经济态势,人民币汇率以及中外真实利率差异与我国国际资本流动之间存在协整关系,是国际资本流入的Granger原因.因此,本文建议应该稳定人民币升值预期以减缓国际资本大规模的流入,同时进行适当的制度安排引导国际资本的流出.     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

Perspective on the Economic Evolution of the European Union States Under the Impact of the Pandemic and Financial-Economic Crisis

The European Union,which is at the beginning of its term of office for all Member States in the European Parliament,the European Commission,its governing body a...     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Interest on reserves and inflation

The payment of interest on reserves has been a common practice in inflationary economies. This policy may seem paradoxical since it involves returning part of the seigniorage, generated by the inflation process, with the intention to finance the fiscal deficit. This paper argues that the motivation for this policy can be captured by the discretionary regime, where the policymaker pays interest on reserves because he is concerned with the erosion of real liquidity by inflation, which is in part beyond his control. However, this policy is an unlikely outcome in the commitment regime, where the policymaker is in full control of inflation.     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Forecasting the price of gold

This article seeks to evaluate the appropriateness of a variety of existing forecasting techniques (17 methods) at providing accurate and statistically significant forecasts for gold price. We report the results from the nine most competitive techniques. Special consideration is given to the ability of these techniques to provide forecasts which outperforms the random walk (RW) as we noticed that certain multivariate models (which included prices of silver, platinum, palladium and rhodium, besides gold) were also unable to outperform the RW in this case. Interestingly, the results show that none of the forecasting techniques are able to outperform the RW at horizons of 1 and 9 steps ahead, and on average, the exponential smoothing model is seen providing the best forecasts in terms of the lowest root mean squared error over the 24-month forecasting horizons. Moreover, we find that the univariate models used in this article are able to outperform the Bayesian autoregression and Bayesian vector autoregressive models, with exponential smoothing reporting statistically significant results in comparison with the former models, and classical autoregressive and the vector autoregressive models in most cases.