Hiring,firing, and relocation under employment protection

We analyze how hiring and firing costs as well as firing regulatory delays affect firms’ hiring, firing, and relocation policy with a stochastic control model. These frictions are substantial; e.g. the firing delay can be almost a year. In the model hiring and firing costs depend on the firm size and the number of people hired or fired. Based on our simulations, hiring and firing elasticities without relocation are highest with respect to demand and productivity volatility and the hiring and firing variable costs. The elasticity of firing due to relocation is highest with respect to the firm-sized firing cost.     

基于层次分析法的数字图书馆成本衡量研究

数字图书馆的建设和运行需要巨大的成本投入支撑,之中还涉及众多的成本项目。不同类型的成本项目对数字图书馆建设和运作的重要性不同,他们之间的相关性也不同。因此,衡量不同类型的成本的重要性以及合理分配不同类型的成本支出对于数字图书馆的发展和经费的节约有着重要的现实意义。     

Agglomeration under forward-looking expectations: Potentials and global stability

This paper considers a class of migration dynamics with forward-looking agents in a multi-country solvable variant of the core–periphery model of Krugman [Krugman, P., 1991. Increasing returns and economic geography. Journal of Political Economy 99, 483–499]. We find that, under a symmetric externality assumption, our static model admits a potential function, which allows us to identify a stationary state that is uniquely absorbing and globally accessible under the perfect foresight dynamics whenever the degree of friction in relocation decisions is sufficiently small. In particular, when trade barriers are low enough, full agglomeration in the country with the highest barrier is the unique stable state for small frictions. New aspects in trade and tax policy that arise due to forward-looking behavior are discussed.     

集装箱堆场出口箱堆存模型及其算法

本文提出了不同重量、不同目的港的集装箱按照一定顺序随机到达堆场的堆存模型。模型同时考虑了集装箱目的港、箱重和作业难度三个因素，这样可以保证装船时尽量少倒箱，极大地提高了装船效率。本文给出了启发式算法解决该问题。实例结果表明，按照此算法可在装船作业时倒箱次数较少的情况下产生实用的实配载图。     

中国对外双边贸易成本的测度与分析:1981～2007年

基于一个融入双边冰山型贸易成本和多边贸易壁垒的一般均衡模型,本文测度了1981～2007年中国与主要贸易伙伴的双边贸易成本,以此来呈现中国对外贸易成本的大小和变化。测度结果表明,改革开放以来,中国的平均对外双边贸易成本已经下降到0.4以下,并且在加入WTO后呈更明显的下降趋势。同时,空间距离依然是影响中国对外贸易的一个重要因素,而且中国与东亚新兴国家和地区在贸易领域的相互开放程度要高于发达国家。     

中国与金砖国家间农产品贸易成本弹性测度与分析

本文在Novy(2013)超越对数引力模型基础上把国内民主化程度作为政治因素从出口国和进口国两条路径引入该模型对其进行改进,并利用改进后的模型对中国与金砖国家部分农产品贸易成本弹性分别进行测度。结果显示中国与金砖国家农产品贸易成本弹性均为正,中国与金砖国家通过降低贸易成本均可提高贸易量。然而中国出口与进口贸易成本弹性差值均为负,中国总体不具有相对优势。从细分产品结构来看,中国可以优先考虑本国优势产品,重点在优势产品领域积极推进贸易自由化和便利化。中国与金砖国家存在产业内贸易潜力较大产品,中国可以与金砖国家在不同层次加深农业分工与合作,分散中国农产品贸易风险,实现对外贸易多元化和可持续发展。     

大型整体迁建工程实施策划与组织技术

目前,真正意义上的整体迁建(原拆原建)工程并不多见。本文以某大型COREX炉整体迁建工程为例,重点阐述了COREX炉整体迁建工程从组织体系、作业资源、大型机具、施工技术、平面规划以及安全、质量、进度、成本等方面的策划组织,以期为类似工程提供参考。     

Social dumping and relocation: is there a case for imposing a social clause?

Public opinion in Europe seems worried about the relocation of production plants toward low wage countries often accused of practicing ‘social dumping’. To reduce the incentives for relocation trade unions proposed the adoption of ‘social clauses’ protecting domestic markets from commodities produced in countries where minimal labor condition are not met. We analyze the effects of the adoption of a social clause in a vertically differentiated Bertrand duopoly. We assess how such a policy affects firms’ relocation decisions in order to be able to assess its welfare implications. We also characterize the optimal social clause policy, both under domestic welfare maximization, and from an efficiency point of view. While we show that a social clause policy cannot be dismissed on domestic (or world) welfare grounds, its case is weaker the higher is the domestic wage and the lower is the foreign wage.     

质量经济性视角下饭店过度服务的修正研究

饭店过度服务给饭店企业利润带来极其不利的影响,其经济学本质是过高的质量成本投入,它违背了质量经济性原则。质量成本投入的正确与否会导致不同的服务价值水平演化效果,且顾客感知的服务价值水平和投入的质量成本并非完全的正相关关系。本文建立的基于质量经济性的过度服务修正体系将对饭店过度服务的修正提供一定的借鉴。     

浙江省农产品对外贸易发展路径研究

农产品对外贸易是现代农业发展的重要标志和实现手段,在经济社会发展中起着重要作用,农产品对外贸易对经济发展和社会稳定进步有着重要意义。从总体上看,浙江省农产品的贸易绩效不良,而贸易调整成本和调整压力缓慢上升,应分门别类引导浙江省农产品的生产与贸易结构调整。     

中国对美国的贸易成本变动及影响因素研究

作为影响国际交换能否发生的重要因素,贸易成本已成为国际贸易研究的重要领域。在采用Novy模型就1995年至2012年中国对美国的贸易成本进行有效测度的基础上,对影响贸易成本变动的多种因素进行分析,结果显示：中国对美国贸易成本总体上呈现波浪式下降趋势;人民币过快升值会对贸易成本的降低产生不利影响;中国商业环境改善、进口关税水平降低等因素有助于降低贸易成本;原油价格变动对贸易成本的影响不大;FDI、美国进口关税水平与中美贸易成本之间不存在长期均衡关系。基于进一步分析发现,中国对美国贸易成本还有下降的空间,中国应充分挖掘贸易成本下降的途径,以进一步提高出口商品的竞争力。     

新零售下生鲜连锁零售企业城市前置仓选址问题研究

文章研究了在新零售环境下,生鲜连锁零售企业为服务C端及B端市场,改变城市配送模式,建立了一个以最小成本为目标,以拟改前置仓数、门店面积、前置仓服务半径等为约束条件的前置仓选址模型,据此进行门店改造选址方案决策。最后以贵阳某生鲜连锁零售企业为实例进行测算,给出了贵阳市区前置仓选址方案。     

基于成本差异的最佳贸易与产业政策选择

本文讨论了存在成本差异的第三国市场模型的最佳贸易与产业政策选择问题，讨论了社会成本和私人成本、本国和外国成本差异情况下的Cournot竞争和Bertrand竞争的情况。本文发现，在Cournot竞争下，政府首先行动时，当政府基金影子价格低于4／3时，政府对出口进行补贴，并且本国越有成本优势，补贴越高，补贴的利润转移效应越大；当政府基金影子价格高于4／3时，政府对出口征收出口税，且本国越有成本优势，征税越多。在Bertrand竞争下，当政府先行动时，对出口征收出口税；当政府后行动时，对出口进行补贴。当本国企业具有劣势时，事后补贴是最佳政蓑。     

企业员工胜任力-人力成本匹配度模型构建及应用

对金融危机中的企业而言,如何在人力成本投入与员工胜任力之间进行平衡,进行员工分类管理,已成为企业顺利渡过危机的关键。本文提出了一个企业员工胜任力——人力成本匹配度模型,用于解决上述问题,阐述了此模型的构建过程,并提出了运用此模型进行员工分类管理的具体思路和对策,以便真正使企业员工的开发管理走上科学高效的轨道。     

中越贸易中的物流成本控制探讨

结合中越实际提出了物流空间网络及成本模型,并以此为基础从仓储、运输、物流计划、清关费用、汇率风险等方面针对中国企业制定出相关物流成本优化策略,以期为企业有效降低物流成本提供参考。     

中国大城市职住分离现象及其特征——以北京市为例

以北京为案例城市,基于2007年对北京市内600户家庭的问卷调查数据,以居住地和就业地之间的直线距离--职住距离(job-housing distance) 为职住分离程度的测度指标,描述了北京市职住分离格局,除社会经济属性外,重点比较了不同居住社区类型、住房产权属性、居住搬迁年份的居民的职住分离程度,以期反映影响居民就业可迭性的制度性和结构性因素.     

Multi-modal,multi-output,multiregional variable input-output model

A multi-modal, multi-output, multiregional variable input-output (MMMVIO) model is introduced to evaluate the economic impact of a transportation system. The MMVIO model differs from the conventional input-output models by being price and cost sensitive. The regional technical coefficients, trade coefficients, modal choice of shipment, input mix and output composition are determined by the price and cost variables, a property not shared by the conventional input-output models.The transportation system reduces shipping cost of delivering commodities between regions, thereby stimulating economy of trading regions. The MMMVIO model captures the development impact incident to the transportation system.     

Impact of trade liberalization on firm's labour demand by skill: The case of Tunisian manufacturing

This paper investigates the impact of the trade liberalization process in Tunisia on employment by distinguishing different skills and different types of firms using micro level data covering the period of 1983–1994. There is considerable disagreement among analysts on the impact of recent trade reforms upon labour. Our contribution to these debates in this paper is essentially an empirical issue. The analysis of a Tunisian firm's data may be viewed as an attempt to apprehend how employment in Tunisia, a developing country, adjusted to the trade reforms. Using micro-level detail on individual firms, we are able to trace the relationship between changes in trade policies and manufacturing employment at firm level and by skill. Although trade reforms are generally implemented at the sector level, their effects may vary significantly across firm characteristics such as output orientation. We measure the effects of trade policy on employment according to different types of firms. We also associate changes in employment directly with a measure of change in trade protection, rather than linking them to changes in imports and exports which would be more common. The results suggest that the impact of trade liberalization on labour demand depends on a firm's characteristics. In particular, the estimates obtained suggest that trade liberalization has beneficial effects on employment for exporting-firms. Conversely, trade liberalization has negative and disciplinary effects on employment for domestically oriented firms. The reduction in tariff levels conducted in this first phase of liberalization in Tunisia seems to have had effects with different intensity on unskilled labour and on skilled labour; this justifies the examination of these two skills.     

泛会计概念下成本计量模式研究

本文着重研究泛会计概念下新成本计量模式,与以往研究的不同之处在于,本文立足于跨财务会计与管理会计的泛会计平台,首先论证了泛会计存在的必然性,进而研究基于泛会计下新成本计量模式框架和基本构成要件,提出了一套较为系统的成本计量模式.     

不同所有制企业人力资源管理的比较研究——基于苏州地区企业调研的实证分析

本文利用自行开发的企业人力资源管理评价指标体系,从10个方面通过对苏州地区111家企业人力资源管理行为模式进行比较研究。研究结果发现:不同所有制性质企业的人力资源管理行为和管理绩效存在显著差异;股份制企业各项管理绩效指标都显著高于其他企业;外商独资、中外合资以及国有企业的人力资源管理绩效各有千秋,民营企业管理绩效很不理想;不同行为模式及差异性影响决定了企业人力资源管理绩效。最后,本文给出了一些建议与思考。