我国公允价值计量研究的现状及相关问题探析

本文在分析我国公允价值计量研究现状的基础上,对公允价值的概念、公允价值与其他计量属性之间的关系、公允价值计量的可靠性以及公允价值层级等几个方面进行了深入探悉。公允价值研究领域的不均衡和公允价值方法研究的不足构成了前几年我国会计准则、制度中公允价值应用的障碍;"时态观"是公允价值的一个本质特征;公允价值是由"现行市价"和"现值"两种计量属性发展而来的一种具有"复合"性质的计量属性;公允价值会计信息不仅相关,而且具备合理的可靠性;合理界定公允价值层级是可靠计量公允价值的基础。     

公允价值争议:计量可靠性与顺周期性的分析

公允价值增强了会计信息的透明度,有助于报告使用者获取更透明和及时的信息,近年来在会计实践中被广泛采用。但是,反对者一直质疑公允价值的可靠性。本次金融危机以来,公允价值的顺周期性又被广泛批评。本文区分了公允价值与公允价值计量,结合金融危机以来对公允价值计量进行的修改,澄清是公允价值计量而非公允价值原则本身存在可靠性问题,分析了公允价值的顺周期性和金融危机之间的关系,指出金融危机本质上是经济问题而非会计问题,最后提出了加强公允价值计量可靠性的建议和思路。     

公允价值会计理论体系初探

公允价值一直以来都是国际社会的一个热点和难点问题,众多学者也对公允价值做了很多的研究,然而专门针对公允价值会计的研究相对要少的乡.本文主要从公允价值的定义、公允价值会计的定义、公克价值会计的目标、以及公允价值会计的计量属性和计量方法等方面探讨了有关公允价值会计的理论体系问题,希望能够进一步完善公允价值会计的理论体系.     

论公允价值会计的过渡性

过渡会计学的研究领域可以扩展到整个会计制度变迁;公允价值定义的演变、公允价值估价技术的发展和公允价值应用范围的扩展体现了公允价值会计的过渡性;2006年新准则体系的发布和实施标志着我国已进入了实质性的公允价值会计时代;我国的公允价值会计仍然处于过渡状态,将逐步实现从局部的公允价值会计向全面的公允价值会计过渡.为此,应建立公允价值会计的保障体系.     

公允价值应用探讨

2006年2月,我国财政部发布的企业1项基本准则38项具体准则中又广泛涉及了公允价值的计量,而具体规范公允价值计量的<金融工具确认和计量暂行规定(施行)>(以下简称<规定>)也于2006年在上市和准备上市的商业银行中试行.公允价值在我国会计准则体系应用中的"一波三折"突现出人们对公允价值计量模式的陌生和怀疑.然而,目前对公允价值仍存在许多争议和忽视,包括公允价值属性的确切定义、公允价值的相关性、公允价值确定方法、公允价值适用的条件,等等.本文结合公允价值计量的理论、方法、国内外公允价值应用比较以及执行了新会计准则后部分上市公司股东权益调节表年报的研究,进而辨证认识公允价值计量属性,对公允价值在我国实施提出合理化建议,目前显得十分有必要.     

公允价值相关问题研究

公允价值一直是会计理论和实务界关注的世界性课题,人们对公允价值的研究热情一直高涨,并且各界对公允价值的相关问题已经普遍达成了共识。但在波及全球的金融危机背后,公允价值又成为了新的争论焦点。基于上述背景,本文首先阐述了公允价值的内涵,接着归纳总结了公允价值在我国的应用情况,并重点分析了公允价值可靠性和相关性这两个核心的信息质量特征。     

公允价值应用探讨

2006年2月,我国财政部发布的企业1项基本准则38项具体准则中又广泛涉及了公允价值的计量,而具体规范公允价值计量的《金融工具确认和计量暂行规定（施行）》（以下简称《规定》）也于2006年在上市和准备上市的商业银行中试行。公允价值在我国会计准则体系应用中的“一波三折”突现出人们对公允价值计量模式的陌生和怀疑。然而,目前对公允价值仍存在许多争议和忽视,包括公允价值属性的确切定义、公允价值的相关性、公允价值确定方法、公允价值适用的条件,等等。本文结合公允价值计量的理论、方法、国内外公允价值应用比较以及执行了新会计准则后部分上市公司股东权益调节表年报的研究,进而辨证认识公允价值计量属性,对公允价值在我国实施提出合理化建议,目前显得十分有必要。     

公允价值顺周期效应研究

正2014年1月29日,财政部颁布了《企业会计准则第39号——公允价值计量》,完善了公允价值定义、计量和披露,定义明确了公允价值是市场参与者"自身利益最大化"假设下的"卖价"(排除了买价争论),在计量和披露中增加了限定条件,目的是增加公允价值会计的可靠性。从全球第一个公允价值会计准则产生以来,公允价值准则一直争议不断,各国会计准则制定机构不断修改和完善,主要缺陷是公允价值不可靠和顺周期性。本文主要对公允价值的顺周期性进行分析和治理。一、公允价值准则顺周期性在宏观经济快速发展阶段,金融证券价格非理性上涨,公允价值计量增计持有收益,增计金融资产账面价值,使得财务报     

对公允价值运用的反思

公允价值因美国金融危机的爆发而备受指责。因此,这迫使我们思考公允价值计量方法的运用是否会带来不良后果。本文在详细的阐述了公允价值内涵的基础之上,再次思考了中国运用公允价值的内外动因,最后指出公允价值本身没有错误,而是在公允价值的运用过程中并没有秉承会计的谨慎性原则,因此这要求公允价值的运用中必须遵守谨慎性原则。     

公允价值对银行审计风险的影响及对策

由于公允价值存在假设性、未实现性等内在缺陷,从而加大了公允价值的审计风险。本文在分析国有商业银行公允价值应用情况及公允价值计量对审计风险影响的基础上,提出建立公允价值数据库以拓展审计证据获取渠道、突出风险分析和资产价值评估审计重点,优化公允价值审计程序、强化分析性复核程序等控制公允价值审计风险的策略。     

Bayesian Premium Rating with Latent Structure

We propose a fully Bayesian approach to non-life risk premium rating, based on hierarchical models with latent variables for both claim frequency and claim size. Inference is based on the joint posterior distribution and is performed by Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Rather than plug-in point estimates of all unknown parameters, we take into account all sources of uncertainty simultaneously when the model is used to predict claims and estimate risk premiums. Several models are fitted to both a simulated dataset and a small portfolio regarding theft from cars. We show that interaction among latent variables can improve predictions significantly. We also investigate when interaction is not necessary. We compare our results with those obtained under a standard generalized linear model and show through numerical simulation that geographically located and spatially interacting latent variables can successfully compensate for missing covariates. However, when applied to the real portfolio data, the proposed models are not better than standard models due to the lack of spatial structure in the data.     

The development of the group accounts disclosure system in Japan

The Japanese disclosure system of consolidated statements was introduced in 1977 and extensively revised in 1997. The role of the bureaucracy has been significant in these developments and seems to be part of Japan's closed culture. However, other explanations could also be applied. In particular, although Japanese firms opposed such disclosures on the basis of preparation costs, the Japanese government had to modernize the disclosure system, including consolidation, in order to develop the securities market regardless of an individual company's interests.     

Moments of Compound Mixed Poisson Distributions

Recursive formulae are derived for the evaluation of the moments and the descending factorial moments about a point n of mixed Poisson and compound mixed Poisson distributions, in the case where the derivative of the logarithm of the mixing density can be written as a ratio of polynomials. As byproduct, we also obtain recursive formulae for the evaluation of the moments about the origin, central moments, descending and ascending factorial moments of these distributions. Examples are also presented for a number of mixing densities.     

The designing of corporate accounting law in Japan after the Second World War

After the Second World War, during the neutralization of the controlled economy of wartime Japan, a design for a Corporate Accounting Law was elaborated by the Investigation Committee on the Business Accounting System. The Investigation Committee tried to establish not only new business accounting standards but also a central and independent administrative organ of corporate accounting regulation on the basis of the Corporate Accounting Law. The Corporate Accounting Law was expected to lay the legal foundation of the new corporate accounting regulation regime in Japan. Nevertheless, even though the original design of the fundamental accounting law was never realized, it should be considered the starting point for our understanding of external accounting history in post-war Japan.     

Disclosure of government financial information and the cost of local government’s debt financing——Empirical evidence from provincial investment bonds for urban construction

China’s slowing economic growth and rapid urbanization have made local government debt financing a significant issue.This study uses a sample of China’s provinc...     

Short-sale refinancing and price adjustment speed to bad news: Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in China

Short selling may accelerate stock price adjustment to negative news. However, the literature provides mixed evidence for this prediction. Using short-sale refinancing and a staggered difference-in-differences (DID) model, this paper explores the effect of short selling on stock price adjustment. Our results show that (1) short-sale refinancing improves the speed of stock price adjustment to negative news. This result holds after we control for endogeneity. (2) The positive relationship between short-sale refinancing and stock price adjustment speed is significant in subsamples of stocks with higher earnings management or lower accuracy of analyst forecasts, indicating that firms with more opaque information are more likely to be targeted by short sellers. In subsamples of stocks with a higher ownership concentration or lower ownership by institutional investors, short selling is more likely to increase the speed of stock price adjustment, indicating that ownership structure may influence negative news mining. (3) As short-sale refinancing exacerbates the absorption of bad news by stock prices, it increases crash risk. This study enriches the research on the economic consequences of short selling and provides empirical evidence supporting regulations on short selling in China.     

The deliberation around accounting techniques: accounting for depreciation and foreign exchange in an Indian jute company, 1870-1900

This paper examines the way two accounting techniques, namely depreciation and foreign exchange, were deliberated on, between 1870 and 1900, in an Indian jute company whose shareholders resided in the UK. The arena for these deliberations was the conflictual relationship between controlling and non-controlling shareholders as to how best to account for depreciation and foreign exchange especially when the particular accountings affected distributional issues such as the dividend decision. The purpose of this paper is to analyse and explain the processes by which a company's accounting practices emerge and develop as a contest between different interests. Accounting framed the parameters of the deliberations and provided the language of power and dissent. The paper uses a rich archive that includes narrative and accounting material.     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

【正】The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing ...     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

正The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing and corporate governance issues that relate to the greater China region.We welcome the submission of both theoretical and empirical research papers pertinent to researchers,regulators and practitioners.Authors should note: