企业网络中企业规模的变化趋势

企业的规模是与企业的组织形式联系在一起的。在企业网络中,由于企业间交易效率的提高,企业可通过企业间协调的方式组织生产,一改传统企业通过一体化组织生产的方式。随着分工与专业化程度的深化,企业网络中企业规模将越来越小,效率越来越高。     

近代民族工业的效率结构:一个量化历史研究

本文利用具有代表性的上海民族工业企业1931年和1933年的调查数据,借助随机前沿生产函数模型,首次测算了近代民族工业16个工业部门中90个行业的技术效率.结果表明,近代民族工业的生产函数具有规模报酬不变的技术特征,但技术效率普遍偏低,离前沿面还有较大距离.具体的分组比较显示,包含有限公司与拥有厂房的行业并没有呈现出更高的技术效率,较少使用童工与从事消费品生产的行业则具有明显的效率特征;企业平均规模较大的行业与平均规模较小的行业相比,技术效率并无显著差异.     

企业内部物流管理分析

目前,物流成了企业管理的关键环节,也成了企业管理研究者研究的重点。不管是企业的实践还是研究者的研究,大都关注于企业间的物流,也就是外部物流。而对企业的内部物流却没有引起足够的关注,然而企业内部物流关系到了企业的生产服务效率,也关系到了企业的生产运营成本,因此本文论述了企业内部物流,并进行了初步分析,提出了一些建议。     

中国工业生产力革命的制度及市场基础——中国大中型工业企业间技术效率差距因素的随机前沿生产模型分析

企业间效率差距是技术进步的压力与动力,成为中国工业生产力革命的源泉。运用中国大中型工业企业37个两位数工业行业1995-2002年的年度企业数据及随机前沿生产函数模型,对影响企业技术效率差异的外生性因素、企业技术进步的过程及渠道进行深入系统分析,归纳出中国工业生产力革命的制度与市场基础:(1)产权结构是导致技术效率差距的核心因素,是生产力革命的制度基础;(2)技术扩散效应对提高技术效率有显著的影响,是生产力革命的重要途径;(3)激烈的市场竞争在现阶段还不能削减中国企业间技术效率的差距,为生产力革命提供了有利的市场;(4)企业规模对技术效率的影响显著,寻找合适的企业规模成为生产力革命的一个重要过程;(5)强化国有企业融资约束有助于提高技术效率,成为中国生产力革命的一个重要制度措施;(6)地区间技术效率的差距反映历史及地理因素,导致经济区域内的集聚效应及区域间的“燕型”发展模式,为中国生产力革命的持续提供了广阔的市场基础。     

公司并购与全要素生产率变化研究

对并购绩效的研究表明并购通常不能创造股东超额收益,但从并购前后企业全要素生产率的变化来看,大部分企业的产出效率得到了显著提升。本文通过对我国上市公司2002—2014年并购案例的研究发现,并购重组能够提升企业的全要素生产率,企业全要素生产率的增长是通过技术效率、生产效率和配置效率三个方面实现,而规模效率对企业产出效率增长的贡献不明显。     

文化产业上市公司的公平与效率

本文运用数据包络分析方法(DEA)对我国文化产业32家上市企业的效率与公平进行了研究.结果发现:(1)我国文化产业上市企业近两年来的平均生产效率水平不是很高,大部分文化企业规模效率较低;(2) 2013-2014年我国文化产业上市企业整体全要素生产力呈现增长态势,但增长速度不是很高,虽然技术有所进步,但规模效率下降阻碍了整体全要素生产力的增长.同时,本文通过投影分析为各上市企业给出了提高生产效率的具体意见.     

中国农户生产效率实证研究

农户是我国农村最基本的生产单元和微观组织,农业竞争力最终体现在农户的生产效率上,农户的生产效率决定着我国整个农业的生产效率。因此,对于农户生产效率的研究,可以从侧面反映出我国现阶段农业的生产效率以及竞争力。本文运用数据包络分析法（DEA）对我国13年（1991～2003）农户的投入产出数据以及2003年全国各地区农户的投入产出数据对农户的综合生产效率、纯技术效率和规模效率进行了分析.从DEA分析结果可以看出,无论是对农户投入产出效率的趋势分析还是区域分析,我国农户投入产出综合效率总体上都比较高;农户的生产纯技术效率比较高,规模效率相对来说就要低一些,致使大部分地区农户生产无效率。因此,从我国目前农业的生产状况以及资源配置情况来看,要提高农户的生产效率、增强农业旁争力。就必须在提高农户生产技术的同时．增加农户的生产规模也是关键所在。     

1998-2003城市生产效率:基于包络技术的实证研究

本文利用包络技术估算我国1998-2003年216个城市的Malmquist生产力指数和规模报酬状态,对扩张时期城市生产效率进行实证研究.得出两个主要结论:一是我国城市全要素生产率显著改善,表明城市总体在良性轨迹上发展;二是我国部分大城市缺乏规模效率,投入-产出比例失衡;部分中小城市技术效率不足,要素使用效率低下.因此合理化要素配置和提高要素使用效率是我国城市未来发展的关键.     

基于DEA模型“民参军”企业经营效率研究

近年来,民营企业越来越多地参与到军民融合发展。文章选取军民融合概念板块的22家上市民营企业,以2015—2017年财务数据为样本,运用DEA模型,并结合Malmquist生产率指数对企业经营效率进行分析。研究结果表明:目前上市"民参军"企业经营效率整体不高且主要原因是"民参军"企业的技术进步缓慢,规模效率的提升一定程度上缓解了经营效率的下降,"民参军"企业间经营效率与管理水平存在较大差距。由此提出提高"民参军"企业经营效率的相关建议。     

我国不同类型工业企业生产效率的区域差异研究

工业企业生产效率是一个国家或地区工业发展水平的重要标志,我国各种类型企业由于所有制形式不同,其运作机制和效率也有差异,本文通过应用Cobb-Douglas生产函数模型,并利用充足的数据分析了分省加总的不同类型工业企业的生产及其效率。研究得出我国1999~2002年,对几乎绝大多数省份而言,国有及国有控股企业的生产效率最低,而生产效率最高的企业是三资企业,同时研究也表明,在区域层面上来看,东部地区的各种类型企业生产效率比其他地区的生产效率高20%以上,这要求以后在研究区域差异时应更多关注区域生产的差异。     

The Evolution of Technical Efficiency in the Northern Ireland Manufacturing Sector, 1973–1985

This paper uses a stochastic frontier production function approach to measure technical efficiency in firms in Northern Ireland. Firm level census of production panel data were used to examine how efficiency in firms changed over the period 1973–1985. Once estimates of efficiency were made, the causes of inefficiency based on characteristics of firms were examined. The results indicate that efficiency in Northern Ireland has improved significantly over-time. The largest increases in efficiency were in indigenously owned firms. The results suggest that many Northern Ireland owned firms were 'catching-up' in terms of efficiency with foreign owned firms over the period.     

Evaluating the technical efficiency of large US law firms

We conduct a performance evaluation in terms of technical efficiency of large law firms based on a unique sample of 163 large law firms in the USA in 1994. To estimate technical efficiency for individual firms, we use the stochastic frontier production function with composed errors where output (measured in terms of revenue) is a function of various labour and human capital inputs. Based on the sample, the average level of technical efficiency in the production of legal service in large US law firms is estimated at 82.20%. More than 87% of the firms attained 75% or higher level of technical efficiency. The estimation results also indicate that the number of lawyers, the number of paralegals, and the number of associates per partner, have a positive and statistically significant effect on the production of legal service.     

知识企业的主导生产要素:知识资本——基于"概念格"理论的推论

伴随着知识经济时代的到来,知识资本已经替代了财务资本成为制约知识企业生存与发展的主导性生产要素,并成为知识企业生产及其效率的决定性因素。文章旨在以“概念格”理论为基础,对知识企业生产经营活动的主导生产要素进行进一步的分析和探索,以证明知识经济时代知识企业的主导生产要素是由不同经济时代的主导生产要素逐步演化而来,比起工业经济时代的主导要素已发生了根本性变革,为知识企业生产要素投入的有效组合分析、知识资本的确认与计量研究等提供理论支持。     

Determinants of total efficiency in water utilities in Mexico

By using panel data analysis across 368 water utilities in Mexico over the period 2010–2014, we find that small firms are more efficient than medium and large providers and that increasing production is associated with less efficiency. Billing, income collection and profitability are relevant factors to improve efficiency. Medium and large firms require to measure consumption by service with meters in order to increase efficiency, while small firms do not require it.     

An alternative approach to the monitoring of technological diffusion via foreign direct investment: evidence from the Greek manufacturing sector

The existing studies of foreign direct investment and the corresponding technological diffusion process that they generate, focus either on specific parameters of the production process in isolation, or they combine certain parameters to construct indices that are not consistent across studies. The present analysis proposes an alternative approach that captures the entire production process and multinational firms are viewed as the platform that transfers more advanced technologies to the host countries. As multinational firms are able to utilise more efficiently the available production process, an efficiency gap ensues between the domestically owned firms of a country and the multinational firms that operate in it. We capture and provide a measure and a monitoring mechanism of the technological diffusion process via foreign direct investment through the evolution of the efficiency gap between the two groups of firms whilst controlling for other variables that might contribute to such a gap. We apply our approach to the manufacturing sector of the Greek economy that experiences a consistent presence of foreign direct investment inflows over the time period 2001–2007.     

The performance and objectives of public and private utilities operating in the United States

This paper compares the production efficiency of public and private utilities to determine if a significant cost differential results from different behavioral objectives under the alternative modes of ownership. The procedure is to estimate the cost and input demand functions simultaneously while accounting for differences in input prices and technology across firms. The parameter estimates are then employed to compare the efficiency and objectives of public and private firms. The results suggest that public firms minimize cost and have 24–33% lower per unit costs than their privately owned counterpart. This cost differential appears to result from rate-of-return regulation of the privately owned firms.     

What determines the productivity growth? Evidence from Chinese renewable energy firms by using Bayesian stochastic frontier approach

This paper examines the determinants of the total factor productivity (TFP) growth of Chinese renewable energy firms from 2011 to 2016, using a Bayesian stochastic frontier approach. Employing the “Bauer–Kumbhakar” decomposition method, the TFP growth is decomposed into the technology part and the market part. The empirical results reveal that the TFP improvement of Chinese renewable energy firms is mainly due to technical progress, followed by technical efficiency change. With regard to the market part, the misallocation of production factors has hindered the TFP growth. Our findings also indicate that only for large firms, the TFP growth can benefit from the scale economy effect. Compared with non‐state‐owned firms, state‐owned firms suffer much lower allocative efficiency.     

Technology,Exports And Firm Efficiency In Taiwanese Manufacturing

Using firm-level data from the 1986 Census of Manufactures of Taiwan, we examine the links between technical efficiency and firm investments in technology and exports. Stochastic production frontier techniques are used to estimate the technical efficiency of firms by investments in technology as well as by export orientation. Our results indicate that accounting for firm investments in technology is critical in explaining the strong export-productivity link in the extant literature. For the group of large, high technology firms, the differences in the mean efficiencies between exporters and non-exporters are not significantly different than zero in all nine industries under study. However, for the large number of small firms that make no formal investments in technology. exporters are significantly closer to the production frontier than their counterparts that sell in the domestic market.     

Efficiency and Environmental Regulation

This paper proposes an extension of the enhancedefficiency indices of Färe, Grosskopf, Lovell andPasurka (1989) that considers undesirable outputsasymmetrically by assuming that firms can freelydispose of some undesirable productions, but areduction of other bad outputs generates a cost interms of desirable outputs. This methodologicalapproach is used to analyse the relative efficiency ofa sample of Spanish producers of wooden goods andfurnishings whose production process generates fourdifferent wastes. We obtain efficiency indices thatserve to measure the impact on firm performance inseveral scenarios related to environmental regulationsaimed to reduce the production of wastes. Whenenvironmental regulations are assumed, it is foundthat firms would have to sacrifice important amountsof potential desirable output in order to reallocateinputs into waste reduction. Secondly, we find thatfirms associated with a Technological Institute aswell as firms located at a marshallian type industrialdistrict are likely to be less affected byregulations.     

Firm routines,customer switching and market selection under duopoly

This paper explores the dynamics of market selection for an industry in which firms employ relatively simple pricing, production and investment routines and in which consumers switch between rival firms in response to price differentials but do not all do so instantaneously. The key issue is whether market processes result in the elimination of less efficient firms by their more efficient rivals. That is to say, do such processes unfailingly increase the efficiency with which available economic resources are used? In the context of duopoly, we show that the survival of the more efficient firm is not guaranteed and that, more generally, the outcome depends upon the speeds with which firms adjust prices and capacities and with which customers switch between rival firms.