A survey on pickup and delivery problems

This paper is the second part of a comprehensive survey on routing problems involving pickups and deliveries. Basically, two problem classes can be distinguished. The first part dealt with the transportation of goods from the depot to linehaul customers and from backhaul customers to the depot. The second part now considers all those problems where goods are transported between pickup and delivery locations, denoted as Vehicle Routing Problems with Pickups and Deliveries (VRPPD). These are the Pickup and Delivery Vehicle Routing Problem (PDVRP – unpaired pickup and delivery points), the classical Pickup and Delivery Problem (PDP – paired pickup and delivery points), and the Dial-A-Ride Problem (DARP – passenger transportation between paired pickup and delivery points and user inconvenience taken into consideration). Single as well as multi vehicle mathematical problem formulations for all three VRPPD types are given, and the respective exact, heuristic, and metaheuristic solution methods are discussed.      

基于进化策略的开放式车辆路径问题

开放式车辆路径问题(OVRP)是标准车辆路径问题(VRP)的一个扩展,该问题是针对车辆在服务完最后一个顾客点后不需要回到车场的车辆路径问题。针对这类问题,提出了一种改进的进化策略。首先通过优化选择方案研究初始种群,然后基于轨迹进行变异获得子代,同时通过多父代组合来确定每个个体的策略参数。最后,通过若干经典OVRP实例对该算法进行了检验,结果表明这种改进的进化策略是一种求解OVRP问题的有力工具。     

基于Map Info电子地图的配送车辆线路优化问题研究

GIS技术与VRP问题的结合，不仅提供了一种新的查询选择方法，同时还能提供一种直观的解决方案。文章针对Map Info电子地图的特点．给出了一种从电子地图中提取客户与道路信息应用到解决实际的配送车辆线路优化问题，并将求解后的线路直观地显示到电子地图中的方法。在实际应用中表明该方法是高效直观的。     

基于量子微粒群算法的车辆路径问题研究

提出一种基于量子行为的微粒群智能优化算法。使用量子角表示量子比特的状态,并引入微粒群算法中,对量子群中的各量子角进行自适应动态调整．设计一种新的编码方式,用于求解车辆路径问题,通过计算表明,该算法是解决车辆路径问题的有效方法。     

基于改进蚁群算法的物流配送路径研究

车辆路径问题（Vehicle Routing Problem,VRP）是近几十年来运筹学、应用数学、网络分析、图论、计算机应用及交通运输等学科研究的一个热点问题,其产生于现实的公路交通运输领域,并在通讯、生产、国防、生物、计算机应用等领域得到了广泛的应用。本文着重研究有时间窗的车辆路径问题（Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows,VRPTW）}VRPTW现已被证明为NP-hard问题,当问题规模较大时,将很难得到问题的精确解。探讨如何经过少量的计算,得到一个相对满意的解,已成为现阶段学者研究的重点。文中提出用混合蚁群算法求解VRPTW,有效的缓解了信息传递快速与物流反应缓慢的矛盾,提高了物流配送的科学化效率,对电子商务物流配送的发展具有一定的理论意义与应用价值。     

装卸混合的软时间窗VRP问题混合算法研究

考虑了配送车辆在客户点会同时发生卸货和装货的情况,构建了装卸混合的软时间窗VRP模型,并通过遗传禁忌混合算法求解。通过实例说明,该混合遗传算法能很好地解决装卸货混合VRPTW问题,获得较好的优化效果。     

物流配送中车辆路径问题的模型及算法研究

本文介绍了车辆路径问题的分类及限制条件,重点论述了国内外关于车辆路径问题的模型及算法研究现状,分析了各种算法的优缺点和适用范围,并指出了车辆路径问题的研究前景.     

有时限取送混合车辆路径问题的模型及其禁忌搜索算法研究

研究了带时间窗的取送混合车辆路径问题.问题中,每个客户带有取货和送货两个时间窗,每个客户处的取货和送货任务可以通过访问一次全部完成,也可以分两次访问分别完成送货和取货任务.在对该类问题进行描述和取送一体化战略的基础上,建立了有时限取送混合车辆路径问题的数学模型.通过设计一种新的解的表示方法构造了该问题的禁忌搜索算法.实验计算结果表明,用该禁忌搜索算法求解有时限取送混合车辆路径问题,不仅可以取得很好的计算结果,而且收敛速度较快,计算结果也较稳定.     

带时间窗约束的配载车辆调度问题研究

运用启发式算法求解带时间窗约束的配载车辆调度问题。借鉴多重旅行商问题的模型结构,建立配载车辆调度模型。通过改进C-K节约算法,在线路连接过程中插入时间窗约束和车辆容量约束的检验子程序,排除不符合约束条件的线路构形,构造求解调度模型的启发式算法。并给出算例,验证调度模型和启发式算法的可行性。     

车辆数不确定的时间窗车辆路径问题的小生境混合遗传算法

建立了优化的多目标带有时间窗的车辆路径问题模型,提出一种小生境混合遗传算法。算法采用混合并行选择方法、最优保留策略以及随机权重适应值函数,克服遗传算法固有的搜索能力差和“早熟”等缺点。实验结果表明,该算法对于解决车辆数不确定的时间窗车辆路径问题提供了一个非常有效的求解方法。     

Gap Analysis in Customer Loyalty: A Research in 5-Star Hotels in the Antalya Region of Turkey

Today everybody knows that in balance of establishment–customer relation, customers had gained big advantage. In order to continue long-term relationships with customers understanding them, meeting their expectations, being different from rivals are important. This situation is especially vital in similiar goods and services offering establishments. For gaining advantage and being unique, offering suitable goods and services, meeting even over meeting expectations and desires of customers are needed. Customer loyalty topic had changed the ways of looking of establishments to customers. Now, establishments are trying to satisfy, make loyal their customers. Loyal customers mean financial and spiritually inputs to establishments. It is generally known that especially on tourism sector there are few researches on customer loyalty. In this context, author believes that this research will have a positive input to the related literature.     

遗传算法在VRP问题中的应用

配送是物流系统中一个直接与消费者相连的重要环节,对配送系统进行优化,可以提高物流经济效益、实现物流科学化。因此配送系统的优化问题显得尤为重要。进行配送系统优化,主要是配送车辆调度的优化。文章在全面分析研究物流配送业务特点的基础上．针对配送中的核心问题——车辆调度优化问题进行了深入的研究,建立了单源点物流配送车辆调度优化问题的数学模型,并运用遗传算法对其进行求解,仿真实例证明了该方法的有效性。     

车辆数不确定的软时间窗车辆路径问题的改进遗传算法

综合考虑车辆数和行驶距离两种优化目标,提出了VRPSTW的多目标优化模型,同时提出了解决VRPSTW问题的一种改进遗传算法。在算法中,通过适应度函浸透的变化,较好地解决了多目标优化的问题;通过对交叉算子改进,增加了算法的寻优能力,同时又克服了算法对群体多样性的要求;针对遗传算法局部搜索能力弱的问题。加入了2-opt局部搜索方法,很好地弥补了遗传算法的不足。经过实验,本方法能较好地解决VRPSTW问题,从而对运榆决策提供有力支持。     

基于智能调度的散点货源动态集散点设置研究

动态集散点是系统应对客户随机需求,为了降低企业成本以及方便客户及时送件而设置的临时、随机的物流集散点。与城市的客源相比,城市货源的分布更加分散,需求随机性更强,因而一般的固定集散点往往不能满足需求。针对此问题,文章对城市散点货源的动态集散点设置进行研究。依托智能车辆自动化取件为背景,运用层次聚类分析思想,并通过Matlab进行仿真,对集散点的设置进行分析及优化。通过算例分析文章得出合理地设置动态集散点能够有效地提高企业取件效率,且能够满足客户的特殊需求。文章研究可以为物流企业在智能取件模式下的货物集散点设置提供方法参考。     

On the Hausdorff dimension of exceptional random sets generated by multivariate spacings

We consider multivariate spacings blocks in the usual sense (refer to Deheuvels (Z Wahrsch Verw Gebiete 64:411–424, 1983)). We consider the sets of exceptional points in the neighborhood of which such spacings are, infinitely often, unusually large. Our main result, in the spirit of Hawkes (Math Proc Camb Phil Soc 293–303, 1981), shows that these sets constitute random fractals, whose Hausdorff dimensions are explicitly evaluated.     

Applying fuzzy quality function deployment (QFD) to identify solutions of service delivery system for port of Kaohsiung

The main purpose of this paper is to apply fuzzy quality function deployment (QFD) model to identify solutions of service delivery system (SDS) for port of Kaohsiung from the viewpoints of customers. At first, to facilitate the main issue of the QFD problem, however, the ‘what’ question of customer needs and ‘how’ problem of the services have to be made, which are two major components and be emphasized on the house of quality (HOQ) matrices. In conjunction with fuzzy sets theory, hence, the systematic procedures using fuzzy QFD were proposed in this paper. Subsequently, a case study for port of Kaohsiung demonstrated the systematic appraisal process for identifying solutions of SDS. The results of empirical study show that (1) 10 key factors are deemed as to have priority to improve the quality of SDS for Kaohsiung port; and (2) eight feasible solutions for improving service quality performance are identified. Moreover, it is suggested that port Authority of Kaohsiung should listen attentively the voice of customers and emphasize on exploiting these customer requirements effectively. And then develop the ‘how’ issues of profiles of solutions, which should continuously strengthen the perspectives of customer, internal business process, and learning and growth, respectively.     

Dating Business-Cycle turning points

This paper presents a logit model for dating business-cycle turning points. The regressors are monthly series from the Business Cycle Indicators database of the Conference Board. Dividing the sample period into a subset for model initialization (1959∶9–1970∶12) and a subset for testing (1971∶1–2003∶12) yields a chronology that is nearly identical to that established by the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER). However, the recognition lag is less than four months, in contrast to an average of more than eleven months for the official chronology. (JEL E320) The author is grateful for comments by an anonymous referee.     

Extending the supply chain: Integrating operations and marketing in the online grocery industry

This study reports results from case studies of four Internet-ordering and home-delivery grocers and 2440 of their customers. Each grocer follows a different operations strategy as determined by choice of where to fulfill customer orders (from existing stores or from a dedicated DC) and by choice of delivery method (direct to the customer's home/office or indirect via customer pickup or third-party logistics provider). The survey data from customers are used to assess the degree of integration between marketing and operations and the relationship with customer behavioral intentions. The results indicate that eBusiness-, product-, and service-quality, all have a significant direct effect on customer behavioral intentions to purchase again. There is limited support for technology as a moderating factor. Finally, the relationships between the predictor variables and customer behavioral intentions differ across grocers. This supports the idea that grocers utilizing different operational strategies should focus attention on different facets of their business and provides insight as to where efforts should be directed.     

Customer value from a customer perspective: a comprehensive review

The value concept is one of marketing theory’s basic elements. Identifying and creating customer value (CV) – understood as value for customers – is regarded as an essential prerequisite for future company success. Nevertheless, not until quite recently has CV received much research attention. Ideas on how to conceptualize and link the concept to other constructs vary widely. The literature contains a multitude of different definitions, models, and measurement approaches. This article provides a broad overview, analysis, and critical evaluation of the different trends and approaches found to date in this research field, encompassing the development of perceived and desired customer value research, the relationships between the CV construct and other central marketing constructs, and the linkage between CV and the company interpretation of the value of the customer, like customer lifetime value (CLV). The article concludes by pointing out some of the challenges this field of research will face in the future.