浅谈我国商业银行信贷风险及其管理

在当前的国际金融形式之下,我国商业银行信贷风险尤为突出。因而加强商业银行的风险管理成为金融机构管理的重中之重。本文着重分析了我国当下商业银行信贷风险管理存在的问题,并针对这些问题相应地提出了一些加强我国商业银行信贷风险的管理措施。     

Cluster Analysis for mixed data: An application to credit risk evaluation

Credit risk is one of the main risks faced by a bank to provide financial products and services to clients. To evaluate the financial performance of clients, several scoring methodologies have been proposed, which are based mostly on quantitative indicators. This paper highlights the relevance of both quantitative and qualitative features of applicants and proposes a new methodology based on mixed data clustering techniques. Indeed, cluster analysis may prove particularly useful in the estimation of credit risk. Traditionally, clustering concentrates only on quantitative or qualitative data at a time; however, since credit applicants are characterized by mixed personal features, a cluster analysis specific for mixed data can lead to discover particularly informative patterns, estimating the risk associated with credit granting.     

Are small firms really credit constrained? Empirical evidence from Kosova

This article uses firm level data from an SME survey conducted by Riinvest Institute in 2006 in order to examine the determinants of obtaining bank finance conditional upon applying. The results of the survey show that not all the firms receive credit they apply for, suggesting a slight excess of demand over supply of credit. Unlike some other studies in transition economies this article corrects for sample selection bias. Econometric evidence indicates that commercial banks base their decision to loan firms primarily on the basis of collateral. Well performing firms are more likely to ask for credit because of better business prospects in the future, but profitability as a measure of firm performance does not seem to be sufficient signaling for banks in order to allocate credits. Banks seems to prefer more to secure themselves from likely opportunistic behavior of potentially “bad borrowers” with use of collateral. Findings are in line with theoretical and empirical arguments that systematic use of collateral can mitigate the adverse selection by banks in choosing whom to allocate the credit especially in country with turbulent political environment and weak property right system. However, unlike other studies findings suggest that the rhetoric of financial constraints to some extent has been exaggerated in a transition context.     

企业债务期限结构配置及其治理对策——湘火矩汽车股份案例

本文认为,债务期限结构错配是我国许多高速扩张企业出现流动性财务危机的主要原因之一,但在现有商业银行信贷期限结构错配和企业债券市场不发达的金融背景约束下,我国企业很难通过增加长期债务的方式来改变债务期限与资产期限错配的问题,唯有通过降低财务杠杆的方法来降低流动性风险。在现有金融市场条件下,企业现实的选择是债务期限结构错配和低财务杠杆,不能采用高财务杠杆方式来实现企业的高速增长,否则很容易陷入财务困境。     

商业银行信贷风险的监督管理途径

深化金融体制改革的背景下,商业银行在发展上需要更好的业务开展与管理活动开展。商业银行在持续经营发展中需要面临多种风险,其中,信贷风险的管理十分重要。商业银行信贷风险的监督管理虽然得到了很多关注,但信贷风险监督管理状况并不良好,信贷风险监督管理层面更是存在诸多不足和问题。论文分析了新时期商业银行信贷风险监督管理的具体状况、存在的具体问题等,并就如何更好地进行信贷风险监督管理提出合理建议。     

Public intervention in UK small firm credit markets: Value-for-money or waste of scarce resources?

Loan guarantee schemes are used in many countries to provide financial support to small firms by guaranteeing loans from commercial banks, but questions remain about whether public intervention in private credit markets to support entrepreneurial firms is justified. This paper examines whether the UK Small Firms Loan Guarantee Scheme (SFLG) provides value-for-money to the UK tax payer, presenting a regression based performance approach which then feeds into a formal cost–benefit analysis. Specifically, we consider whether firm performance post-investment is such that it justifies the governments’ presence in the lending market and the costs associated with it. Our findings suggest that entrepreneurial firms that are able to access new finance through SFLG achieve superior performance in the form of improved sales, job creation and exports and that this justifies public intervention in private credit markets.     

Lending attitude as a financial accelerator in a credit network economy

In existing literature, commercial banks are often considered mere financial intermediaries that facilitate the flow of credit in an imperfect credit market. However, as demonstrated in the history of financial instability, the behavior of financial institutions plays an important role. This paper examines how lenders’ attitudes affect macroeconomic performance. In our analysis, the economy is composed of multiple borrowers (firms) and one lender (bank). Each borrower is directly connected to the lender through its credit contract. At the same time, each borrower is indirectly connected to all the other borrowers within the credit network. Using this model, we execute computer simulations to examine the economic consequences of lending attitudes. The results of the simulations demonstrate that the bank’s lending attitude functions as a financial accelerator; that is, it significantly affects the dynamics of the economic system through the credit network. Consequently, the same level of exogenous shock generates completely different outcomes depending on the different lending attitudes. The results also show that there exists an optimal lending attitude that leads to high economic growth and a stable growth path.     

Firm–bank credit network,business cycle and macroprudential policy

We present an agent-based model to study firm–bank credit market interactions in different phases of the business cycle. The business cycle is exogenously set, and it can give rise to various scenarios. Compared to other models in this literature strand, we improve the mechanism according to which the dividends are distributed, including the possibility of stock repurchase by firms. In addition, we locate firms and banks over a space and firms may ask credit to many banks, resulting in a complex spatial network. The model reproduces a long list of stylized facts and their dynamic evolution as described by the cross-correlations among model variables. The model allows us to test the effectiveness of rules designed by the current financial regulation, such as the Basel III countercyclical capital buffer. We find that the effectiveness of this rule changes in different business cycle environments and this should be considered by policy makers.

     

Environmental Credit Risk Management in Banks and Financial Service Institutions

How do Canadian banks integrate environmental risks into corporate lending and where are they located compared with their global peers? In this paper we report a mixed method analysis of the integration of environmental risks into the credit management. The qualitative and quantitative analyses suggest that all analyzed Canadian commercial banks, credit unions and Export Development Canada manage environmental risks in credit management to avoid financial risks. Some of the institutions even connect environmental and sustainability issues with their general business strategies. Compared with other countries, Canadian banks are best in class, as all six Canadian commercial banks, comprising over 90 percent of Canadian assets, systematically examine environmental risks for credits, loans and mortgages. We conclude that Canadian banks are proactive regarding environmental examinations of loans and that there is a need for a more accountancy related reporting on environmental risk management in financial institutions. Further research is needed to be able to calculate costs and benefits of integrating environmental and sustainability issues into the credit risk management. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.     

金融危机给我国银行信贷风险管理带来的思考

本文通过对次贷危机引发的金融危机的具体影响对我国的商业银行信贷风险管理的诸多弊端进行分析并提出建议对策。     

Does lending behaviour of banks in emerging economies vary by ownership? Evidence from the Indian banking sector

While much has been discussed about the relationship between ownership and financial performance of banks in emerging markets, literature about cross-ownership differences in credit market behaviour of banks in emerging economies is sparse. Using a portfolio choice model and bank-level data from India for 9 years (1995–96 to 2003–04), we examine banks’ behaviour in the context of credit markets of an emerging market economy. Our results indicate that, in India, the data for the domestic banks fit well the aforementioned portfolio-choice model, especially for private banks, but the model cannot explain the behaviour of foreign banks. In general, allocation of assets between risk-free government securities and risky credit is affected by past allocation patterns, stock exchange listing (for private banks), risk averseness of banks, regulations regarding treatment of NPA, and ability of banks to recover doubtful credit. It is also evident that banks deal with changing levels of systematic risk by altering the ratio of securitized to non-securitized credit.     

The impact of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley act on the financial services industry

This paper examines the impact of Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act across three main sectors of the financial services industry: commercial banks, insurance companies, and brokerage firms, taking account of the wealth effect associated with the announcement. We find that the law has a differential impact across the financial services industry. All three industries have gained due to this law with commercial banks benefiting most, followed by the insurance industry. Further, the results show that larger firms benefited more in both the banking and insurance industries and exposure to systematic risk was reduced for all sectors of the financial services industry after this regulation passed.     

The double-edged sword effect of diversified operation on pre- and post-loan risk in the government-led Chinese commercial banks

Under the background of China’s deregulation of financial institutions since 2004, Chinese commercial banks have undergone remarkable change from traditional lending activities to universal fee-based activities. This paper explores the effect of diversified operation on bank credit activities. We find that diversification can reduce pre-loan risk but increase post-loan risk. Besides, enhanced disclosure requirement of other comprehensive income can mitigate pre- and post-loan risk under diversified operation. Additionally, in the state-owned commercial banks where government function is primary, diversification reduces both pre- and post-loan risk. This paper aims to reveal the double-edged sword effect of diversification in the Chinese commercial banks which are more government-led.     

试论我国商业银行信贷风险管理

商业银行的信贷风险管理已经成为商业经营中的重要内容。本文首先从商业银行信贷风险的特征入手,分析商业银行信贷风险产生的原因,并结合我国商业银行信贷风险现状,提出了加强我国商业银行信贷风险管理的对策。     

国有商业银行不良资产证券化可行性分析

四大国有商业银行的巨额不良资产,不仅关系到自身的生存与发展,还关系到我国金融体系的稳定,必须尽早化解。本文论述信贷资产证券化作为一种转移信用风险、提高资产流动性、安全性和效益性的金融创新工具,能有效地化解不良资产,促进金融市场的发展,从而有助于防范金融危机。我国应借鉴国际经验并结合本国国情,将信贷资产证券化运用到国有商业银行不良资产的实际化解工作中。     

数据挖掘在信用风险管理中的应用

本文详细分析了在现代信用风险管理中不同方法对数据质量的要求,并在此基础上提出采用数据挖掘方法改进数据质量、提高计算精度的建议,供我国金融机构信用风险管理之借鉴。     

我国商业银行中小企业信贷风险管理研究

在经济新常态下,我国商业银行中小企业信贷业务面临着机遇和挑战。中小企业发展迅速,在推动就业、增加税收等方面起着重要作用。但其自身稳定性弱、风险大,使得商业银行对其谨慎放贷,中小企业融资难成为制约其发展的一大重要因素。论文通过对我国商业银行中小企业信贷现状及其风险形成进行分析,对商业银行中小企业信贷风险管理提出相应策略和管理措施。     

Early warning indicators and macro-prudential policies: a credit network agent based model

Credit network configurations play a crucial role in determining the vulnerability of the economic system. Following the network-based financial accelerator approach, we constructed an agent based model reproducing an artificial credit network that evolves endogenously according to the leverage choices of heterogeneous firms and banks. Thus, our work aims at defining both early warning indicators for crises and policy precautionary measures based on the endogenous credit network dynamics. The model is calibrated on a sample of firms and banks quoted in the Japanese stock-exchange markets from 1980 to 2012. Both empirical and simulated data suggest that credit and connectivity variations could be used as early warning measures for crises. Moreover, targeting banks that are central in the credit network in terms of size and connectivity, the capital-related macro-prudential policies may reduce systemic vulnerability without affecting aggregate output.     

我国商业银行信贷风险的成因与对策

商业银行的信贷风险管理已经成为商业经营管理中的重要内容。文章首先以商业银行信贷风险的特征为研究基础,在分析商业银行信贷风险产生的原因的基础上,结合我国商业银行信贷风险的现状,提出了改善我国商业银行信贷风险管理的措施。     

商业银行个人理财：产品创新、风险表现及建议

本文总结了商业银行个人理财产品创新的＂三化＂特征,揭示了商业银行个人理财产品创新中的风险表现,提出了促进银行理财业务健康发展的建议。