政策资源获取对农民工返乡创业绩效的影响——基于江西调查数据

基于江西省438份返乡创业农民工调查数据,实证分析了政策资源获取对农民工返乡创业绩效的影响,结果表明:政策资源获取对农民工返乡创业绩效有重要影响,并且对初始创业的农民工影响较大,而对达到一定创业水平的农民工影响较小;年龄、文化程度、电话费支出、兄弟姐妹数、创业年数等因素对农民工返乡创业绩效有显著正影响,性别、婚姻状况的影响不大。研究还发现,与其它经营形式相比,个体户创业的农民工取得的创业绩效较低。     

农民工返乡就业意愿影响因素研究

本文利用江西调查样本数据,构建了农村外出劳动力返乡就业决策模型,对农民工返乡就业意愿影响因素进行了实证研究。实证研究表明:农村外出劳动力自身特征因素中年龄、性别、务工平均月收入、每年外出务工时间,以及是否希望在务工地购房等,对农民工返乡就业意愿存在重要影响;农民工返乡就业心理收益因素对其返乡就业的影响主要体现于耕地面积变量;农村外出劳动力外出务工心理收益因素对其返乡就业的影响主要体现于打工地社会状况满意度综合指数变量;另外,返乡就业政策制度因素也是影响农民工返乡就业的重要因素之一。     

返乡农民工创业行为影响因素分析——以湖北、山西两省的实地调查为例

农民工返乡创业作为解决农民就业问题和发展农村生产力的重要途径,已成为当前社会关注的焦点。通过实地问卷调查湖北、山西两省的返乡创业农民工,利用因子分析和Logistic回归模型等研究方法对其返乡创业行为及其影响因素进行实证检验。结果显示农民工的个体特征、家庭特征、创业素质和外部创业环境对其创业行为的影响具有显著差异,并根据此结果提出针对性的政策建议。     

湖北省返乡农民工创业动机的多维度测量研究

农民工返乡创业对于协调区域经济发展、缓解城乡发展不平衡等都具有重要意义。文章通过主成分因子分析的方法,探讨湖北省返乡农民工创业动机的心理结构,提出了物质追求、精神追求、家庭影响、社会影响四因素动机模型。采用聚类分析的方法对返乡农民工创业动机的模型进行检验。文章最后对创业动机的内在结构进行了分析,并根据实际情况,提出了吸引和扶持外出务工人员返乡创业的政策建议。     

返乡农民工创业前期培训满意度提升策略研究

基于新型城镇化进程中返乡农民工创业培训满意度的影响因素展开调研,运用因子探索法将目前返乡农民工创业培训满意度的影响因素划分为三个公共因子,以此为框架的具体培训满意度指标包括宣传满意度、培训场地满意度、培训课时满意度等12项指标。根据因子系数的关联度及其相关调查数据给予认知因子、情感因子、效应因子三个公共因子的相关结论解释及策略建议。     

中西部地区农民工返乡创业支持体系研究——以安徽省阜阳市为例

受2008年金融危机及我国沿海地区产业结构调整的影响,中西部地区农民工纷纷返乡创业,成为推动欠发达地区县域经济发展的重要力量。在分析农民工返乡创业支持体系影响因素的基础上,通过对中西部地区农民工创业现状的调查,结合Logistic回归模型,针对研究结论,提出了从政策环境、创业培训、金融服务、风险预警等方面促进中西部地区农民工返乡创业更好更快发展。     

高职院校农村籍学生返乡创业意愿的影响因素研究——基于Logistic-ISM模型的实证分析

高职院校农村籍学生返乡创业对推动农村经济发展和提高扶贫工作效率具有重要意义.本文基于高职院校农村籍学生的调查数据,利用二元Logistic模型确定了高职院校农村籍学生返乡创业意愿影响因素,再运用ISM解释结构模型构建高职院校农村籍学生返乡创业意愿影响因素的逻辑关联与层级结构.研究结果表明,性别、家庭成员的创业经历、家庭支持、创业技能和创业政策五个方面对高职农村籍学生返乡创业意愿有显著影响.其中,家庭支持是影响返乡创业意愿的直接因素;性别、父母创业经历和创业技能是影响返乡创业意愿的中间因素;创业政策与环境是影响返乡创业的根源因素.     

基于演化视角的农民工返乡创业问题研究——以安徽省为例

农民工返乡创业对安徽省经济发展具有推动作用。在研究安徽省农民工返乡创业现状的基础上,分析了影响安徽省农民工返乡创业的因素,进而在演化视角下提出了提升安徽省农民工返乡创业能力的对策建议。     

农民工的返乡创业行为及其影响因素研究

本文使用2012年中国劳动力动态调查(CLDS2012)数据,考察了农民工的返乡创业行为及其影响因素,主要得出以下结论:从事各种形式创业的返乡者占返乡农民工的16.76%,约为全部有外出务工经历农村劳动力的6%。考虑到样本选择性偏差的问题,本文使用Heckman两步法检验了农民工返乡创业行为的影响因素。结果显示:女性农民工返乡创业的可能性显著低于男性;具有小学和初中文化程度的农民工,以及返乡前从事技术工人、个体经营的农民工更可能返乡创业。     

新形势下农民工返乡创业支持体系的构建研究——基于海南省的实证分析

我国社会主义市场经济体制改革与现代化建设已进入深水区。站在新的历史起点,"三农"问题仍然是优质城镇化的负影响因素。随着城乡环境改善,农民工返乡创业步伐加快,逐渐成为农村经济发展的亮点和新的增长点。本文结合当下海南省部分农民工返乡创业现状,运用SWOT分析法对创业过程中的影响因子进行梳理,提出建构一个以返乡创业农民工为主体,由政府主导、社会参与、企业扶持和亲友支持的囊括了政策支持、教育支持、资金支持、服务支持和情感支持五个子系统的农民工返乡创业支持体系。     

Small Firm Finance, Credit Rationing, and the Impact of SBA-Guaranteed Lending on Local Economic Growth

Increasingly, policymakers look to the small business sector as a potential engine of economic growth. Policies to promote small businesses include tax relief, direct subsidies, and indirect subsidies through government lending programs. Encouraging lending to small business is the primary policy objective of the Small Business Administration (SBA) loan-guarantee program. Using a panel data set of SBA-guaranteed loans, we assess whether or not SBA-guaranteed lending has an observable impact on local economic performance. We find a positive and significant (although economically small) relationship between the relative levels of SBA-guaranteed lending in a local market and the future per capita income growth in that market.     

The Prevalence of Nascent Entrepreneurs in the United States: Evidence from the Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics

The Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics (PSED) is a national longitudinal sample of 64,622 U.S. households that were contacted to find individuals who were actively engaged in starting new businesses. The PSED includes information on: the proportion and characteristics of the adult population involved in attempts to start new businesses, the kinds of activities nascent entrepreneurs undertake during the business startup process, and the proportion and characteristics of the start-up efforts that become infant firms. Prevalence rates for nascent entrepreneurs are reported by gender and ethnicity (whites, blacks and Hispanics) on such demographic variables as: age, education, household income, and urban context.     

Impact of the Community Reinvestment Act on New Business Start‐Ups and Economic Growth in Local Markets*

Economic growth in the United States has historically bypassed many minorities and low‐income communities. Some researchers and community advocates assert that the deterioration of these communities is in part caused by financial institutions' redlining and neglect. To rectify the situation, the government introduced the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) for the purpose of encouraging banks and saving institutions to become more socially responsible and help meet the credit needs of communities in which they are located. The CRA was the government's response to bank lending discrimination. However, when passing the Act, Congress was equally concerned with reversing or at least halting disinvestment from inner‐city communities and in turn revitalizing local economies. Many believe that the availability of credit to establish, refinance, and improve small businesses is critical to the well‐being of local communities. Therefore, through the provision of small business loans, the CRA could be envisioned as a catalyst toward achieving that goal. Thus the aim of this paper is to investigate potential relationship between banks' CRA lending activities, and new business start‐ups and economic growth in local markets. The paper proposes that new start‐ups will have spillover effects that will consequently contribute to community development. After controlling for several potential variables that could have an impact on business start‐ups and community developments, the study found a strong positive effect. Beside its social and economic implications, the study also considered policy implications associated with the CRA regulation as a welfare improving initiative in low‐income communities. It offers ground for certain government intervention in the loan market.     

新农村建设中农民满意度影响因素分析及评价——基于湖北省的调查数据

以湖北省711个农户的调查数据为依据,对影响农民满意度的因素进行分析,并对被调查地区的农民进行满意度评价。研究表明:影响农民满意度的因素主要有经济收入、惠农政策、教育投入、教育水平、医疗水平、交通状况和干部作风等;不同性别、不同年龄以及有无孩子上学的农民在满意度上差异不显著,但不同文化程度、不同收入来源、不同家庭人口的农民在满意度上差异明显;农民满意度总体水平偏低,但农民对惠农政策、教育水平和医疗水平表现出较高的满意度,而对经济收入、交通状况和干部作风表现出较低的满意度。     

The Significance of Customer Base in the New Economy: Satisfaction and Perceptions of Success among Small Suppliers and Small Nonsuppliers1

Outsourcing of operations from large businesses to small business suppliers has become a prominent feature of the new global economy. This paper compares the perceived success and work satisfaction of small businesses that supply goods and services to other businesses compared with other small businesses. Small business suppliers and their customers may be engaged in a mutually beneficial relationship, or small suppliers may be disadvantaged as a result of the relationship. Using data from interviews with 715 small business operators, partial support was provided for the disadvantaged position. Suppliers had lower perceived business success compared with other small businesses when other variables were controlled. However, there was no difference in job satisfaction.     

The Dependence of Family Businesses on a Single Decision‐Maker*

Anecdotal evidence suggests that family businesses are very dependent on a single individual (the owner‐manager). However, the degree of dependence previously has not been studied formally. Further, an explanation for why some family businesses are highly dependent on the owner‐manager and others are not has not been explored. Utilizing a national survey of Canadian family‐owned businesses, this paper therefore addresses two central issues: (1) the degree of dependence of family‐owned businesses on a single individual; and (2) the factors associated with this reliance. Self‐report responses from family business owners provided evidence of a high level of dependence on the owner‐manager. In 75 percent of all family businesses, respondents believed that the company was either dependent or very dependent on them. The response to this subjective question is consistent with responses to our three more objective measures. First, 65 percent of owner‐managers responded that they made all the major decisions in at least three of five functional business areas. Second, these businesses had few key managers—in 57 percent of all businesses, there were only two or fewer key managers in addition to the owner. Third, in 62 percent of all family businesses, neither had a successor been chosen nor had a process been put in place for choosing a successor. These results strongly suggest that family businesses are highly dependent on a single individual. Six factors had significant power in explaining the degree of dependence. Two factors related to the owner‐manager—dependence decreased in the age of the owner‐manager and in proximity of the owner‐manager to retirement. Four factors related to the family business: dependence decreased in the value of the firm, the number of shareholders, and the age of the business and was greater where the owner‐manager's family had voting control. Surprisingly, neither the existence of a board of directors with outside membership nor an advisory board with outside membership helped explain the level of dependence.     

M-commerce: The nexus between mobile shopping service quality and loyalty

Whilst M-commerce is having a major influence in the way businesses and consumers interact, mobile shopping service quality (MS-SQ) has been understudied in the literature. This paper examines MS-SQ within a conceptual model of customer satisfaction and loyalty surveying UK customers who bought fashion clothing via their mobile devices. The results of two empirical studies confirm four dimensions of MS-SQ: efficiency, fulfilment, responsiveness and contact. Using bootstrapping of 2000 resamples, SEM results showed a significant impact of MS-SQ on customer satisfaction, which in turn impacts loyalty. These results are robust across two samples. Only the dimension efficiency exhibits an indirect effect on loyalty via satisfaction in both studies whilst controlling for gender, age, income, value of clothing item, and m-shopping experience. These findings are discussed and have managerial implications for retailers operating m-commerce sites.     

A comparative study of the determinants of future plans and expectations of business students

Current university juniors and seniors have plans and expectations for after they graduate. In an effort to better understand these plans and expectations, the authors assessed a sample of 334 university students enrolled in business classes. The study examined the impact of three categories of independent variables—family influences, demographic influences, and academic influences—on the dependent variables of student degree aspirations, career aspirations, and expected salaries. Determinant variables with the most consistent influences on these dependent variables include birth order and parents' income (family influences); age and ethnicity (demographic influences); and grade point average, college entrance exam scores, and academic major (academic influences).     

企业家认知对家族企业制度变迁影响的实证研究

以江苏、上海、浙江110家中小家族企业为样本,采用Spearman等级相关系数和Wilcoxon秩和检验两种方法,检测了家族企业家的创新价值观、创新动机、创新素质与家族企业制度变迁之间的关系。研究结果表明:家族企业家的创新价值观、创新动机以及创新素质对家族企业管理开放度有显著的影响,且企业家家族取向程度低,目标偏好于事业,创新素质高,家族企业管理开放度就高;反之,则管理开放度就低。家族企业家的创新价值观、创新动机以及创新素质对家族企业所有权开放度没有显著的影响。