城市工业企业搬迁遗留污染场地再开发环境管理问题与思考

城市化进程对土地的迫切需求,使得城市中心大量"斑块式"的工业企业搬迁场地再开发利用尤为迫切。污染场地的再开发利用可以缓解城市转型发展的用地需求,改善城市面貌,保障人居环境健康。目前,我国污染场地再开发利用过程的环境监管尚不完善,已开展的污染场地治理修复过程中深层次问题逐渐凸显。文章从规范文件、开发前监管、调查与评估、修复治理等方面研究和总结了我国城市污染场地环境管理的现状,并借鉴国外污染场地环境管理先进经验,结合我们在污染场地再开发实践中暴露的主要问题,对污染场地再开发环境管理的提出了建议和意见,为城市污染场地环境管理提供参考。     

岩土工程勘察有关问题探讨

岩土工程勘察工作是一项非常复杂的工作,岩土工程勘察工作是根据建筑工程项目的要求,在了解并分析了建筑场地的地质情况、环境特征和岩土条件后,进行勘查文件编制的活动。随着我国经济改革的脚步加快,勘察市场的竞争也愈加激烈,岩土工程勘察工作出现了很多问题,岩土工程勘察的工作也迎来了很多新的挑战。在岩土工程勘察工作中会受到很多人为因素和客观环境因素的影响。因此,要对岩土工程勘察工作进行全面的了解和认识,并且做出客观合理的分析,以确保勘察结果准确无误。本文根据笔者多年的实践经验,就岩土工程勘察中的一些问题进行了探讨,进而提出可操作性的建议,希望对相关从业人员有所帮助。     

浅谈我国岩土工程勘察技术现状及其改进措施

岩土工程勘察是一种综合性的工程地质调查工作.岩土工程勘察的目的是运用各种勘察测试手段和方法,对建筑场地进行调查研究,对修建各种建筑物的地质条件和建设对自然地质环境的影响作出分析判断;保证地基和上部结构共同工作时,地基的强度、稳定性以及不至于产生过大沉降变形的措施,就当前我国建筑行业岩土工程施工的现状来看,并没有充分利用全新的技术来施工,主要就是因为施工企业缺乏引入新技术的概念和意识,很多企业的技术还只停留在传统的技术上面,这阻碍了岩土工程的发展.本文针对岩土工程勘察技术中一直以来所存在的问题,结合其他的专业技术提出了解决问题的思路及方法,并在此基础上,探讨了改进措施以及创新应用.     

岩土工程勘察工作之我见

岩土工程是一项系统工作，是通过勘察，掌握建筑施工场地的地形地貌、地质构造、岩土的物理力学性质、地质现象发生的可能性及水文情况等，以对建筑施工场地的地质作出合理的评估，为后期工程设计和施工提供所需的相关地质资料。当前勘察过程仍然有很多问题，笔者通过多年岩土工作经验提出勘察过程中常遇到的该注意的问题，和同行交流和学习。     

论当前工民建项目岩土工程勘察工作

岩土工程勘察工作作为我国基础建设工程的主要程序之一,必须要走在设计和实际施工的前面,有效地为设计和施工服务.建筑的基础是整个工程的关键,岩土参数的有效性和科学性关系到基础设计的合理性和安全性.岩土工程勘察的主要对象是建筑物所在的场地,不同地区具有不同的地理环境,地质与环境的这些变化,对当前的岩土工程勘察工作提出了新的挑战.     

污染场地修复工程环境监理研究

我国土壤污染形势十分严峻,针对污染场地治理的修复工程越来越多;在整个修复工程中,环境监理可以对其进行全面监督和管理,是确保修复工程质量、防止二次污染最直接、有效的手段。目前,我国尚无统一的污染场地修复工程环境监理规范,该工作处于缺失或无序状态。文章基于对大量污染场地修复工程现场调研、结合实地环境监理工作,对污染场地修复工程环境监理进行了研究,分析其与建设项目环境监理的不同之处,并提出相应的实施要点。     

浅谈城市生活垃圾填埋场工程选址中的地质勘察要点

随着城市人口逐渐增加,城市生活垃圾也越来越多,为了更好的处理如此众多的垃圾而且还要减少污染,对垃圾进行填埋是一种切实可行的方法.但是填埋之前选择合理的场地将是首先要解决的问题.所以工程选址之前首先必须进行工程地质勘察,以确定场地的稳定性、适宜性等因素.对于垃圾填埋场这样重要的、具有百年大计影响的工程,则更需要进行详细的选址勘察工作.     

污染场地修复工程二次污染防治研究

我国污染场地修复工程正处于快速发展阶段,但相关技术规范、法律法规的缺失阻碍了行业发展和场地环境保护。文章从水、大气、固废和噪声四个方面,研究讨论了污染场地修复工程二次污染来源及其防治,突出其重要性和专业性,以保障生态安全、环境质量和人体健康;最后,针对污染场地修复工程二次污染防治工作提出了几点建议,旨在推进污染场地修复行业的规范化发展。     

小论岩土工程外业工作的重要性及方法

岩土工程是指土木工程中涉及岩石、土的利用、处理或改良的科学技术,包括岩土工程勘察、岩土工程设计、岩土工程检测与监测、岩土工程治理和监理等方面内容.随着国家建设的发展,存在着许多急需解决的岩土工程技术问题;传统的方法和手段已经很难满足土木工程的需要,岩土工程勘察、岩土工程检测与监测的重要性彰显,而岩土工程勘察、岩土工程检测与监测是基础设计和施工的依据,它们的外业工作是上述工作的重要一环.本文作者结合多年的岩土工程勘察工程实践,就如何做好岩土工程的外业工作作了简要的阐析.     

土壤污染防治法背景下的城乡绿地系统建设：趋势与对策

《中华人民共和国土壤污染防治法》的颁布标志着中国将形成完善的土壤污染防治法律体系，建立从污染土壤调查、修复、风险防控、监测到场地再利用，从环境标准到规划管理的全方位制度。生态文明制度建设的宏观背景，再加上中国土壤污染严重、规模大、修复难、成本高、周期长等特征，将导致大量污染场地转变为绿地或生态用地，最终对绿地系统的数量与规模、布局与功能、规划与管理、环境质量标准等多个维度产生实质性影响。分析这一趋势，对其影响提出预判，最终提出对策建议。     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Forecasting the price of gold

This article seeks to evaluate the appropriateness of a variety of existing forecasting techniques (17 methods) at providing accurate and statistically significant forecasts for gold price. We report the results from the nine most competitive techniques. Special consideration is given to the ability of these techniques to provide forecasts which outperforms the random walk (RW) as we noticed that certain multivariate models (which included prices of silver, platinum, palladium and rhodium, besides gold) were also unable to outperform the RW in this case. Interestingly, the results show that none of the forecasting techniques are able to outperform the RW at horizons of 1 and 9 steps ahead, and on average, the exponential smoothing model is seen providing the best forecasts in terms of the lowest root mean squared error over the 24-month forecasting horizons. Moreover, we find that the univariate models used in this article are able to outperform the Bayesian autoregression and Bayesian vector autoregressive models, with exponential smoothing reporting statistically significant results in comparison with the former models, and classical autoregressive and the vector autoregressive models in most cases.     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.     

Planned adaptation in risk regulation: An initial survey of US environmental, health, and safety regulation

In principle, we want regulatory programs to be based on current realities, as reflected for example in the best knowledge of relevant experts. That would imply that old rules now on the books should be consistent with today's knowledge base, not just what was known when a rule or standard was originally set. This paper reports on a survey of US programs, examining how often existing rules are actually updated in light of better knowledge, and identifies five programs that attempt to make policy routinely adaptive. These programs exhibit what we term Planned Adaptation: they both revise rules when relevant new knowledge appears, and take steps to produce such improved knowledge. While Planned Adaptation is rare, it is used in several nationally prominent programs, including air pollution, airplane safety, and drug safety. Planned Adaptation is a policy tool that deserves more attention.