中国高科技新创企业逆向型FDI行为分析——基于组织学习视角

文章基于组织学习的视角来考察我国高科技新创企业逆向型FDI行为，认为我国高科技新创企业逆向型FDI是海外学习和成长的需要，并阐述了逆向型FDI中的探索性学习与开发性学习两种学习方式及其平衡和相互转化。     

基于企业家层面的新创企业国际化驱动力研究

传统国际化理论对企业国际化的动因与行为的分析只停留在企业与环境层面上探讨企业,没有深入到人的因素,忽略了企业家在企业国际化过程中的作用。而企业家作为决策者,支配着企业的商务活动,对包括国际化在内的企业战略制定与实施产生重要影响。本文结合新创企业国际化的新发展,把企业家层面的分析引入到国际化的分析框架之中,从企业家特质、企业家认知和企业家网络三个方面探讨了新创企业国际化中的企业家驱动力。     

新创企业国际化：国际商务理论研究的新领域

新创企业国际化作为国际化经营中的新现象，伴随着创业型经济的兴起和经济全球化的深入发展日趋频繁和普遍，成为近年来国际商务理论研究的新兴领域和理论热点。本文在简要介绍新创企业国际化理论兴起与发展的基础上，围绕国际化动因、过程与战略选择以及国际化对新创企业成长和绩效的影响三个方面对新创企业国际化理论进行分析梳理和评述，以期为国内相关问题的研究提供一个清晰的研究脉络，并为我国企业国际化经营实践提供理论借鉴。     

中国高科技新创企业国际化成长：动因、模式与绩效——一个整合性分析框架与例证

作为一种新兴的现象,新创企业国际化的兴起对传统理论提出了挑战,文章探讨了中国高科技新创企业国际化成长的动因、模式与绩效及其相互关系,建立了一个企业国际化的整合性分析框架,并以展讯通信的案例进行验证,结论如下：第一,企业的国际化需要、国际化机遇和国际化能力,是影响企业国际化战略选择的三个主要因素;第二,新创企业须基于自身特征,寻求适合于自身条件和特征的发展路径和战略模式;第三,企业国际化的绩效将反过来影响企业的国际化需要、国际化机遇和国际化能力。     

国际化经营、制度环境与过度投资

基于企业国际化经营视角，利用２００８—２０１５ 年间的４６７７ 个国际化经营样本与２４６５ 个配对样本，实证检验国际化经营对过度投资的影响以及制度环境所产生的调节效应。研究发现，国际化经营对过度投资产生了明显的正向影响，相较于非国际化经营的企业，国际化经营企业的过度投资程度更高；考虑制度环境的调节效应后，制度环境的约束作用降低了企业过度投资的概率，并且国际化经营对过度投资产生的影响明显降低了。进一步研究发现，相较于国有控股属性的企业，过度投资以及制度环境所产生的影响在非国有控股企业中更为明显。     

我国家电企业国际化经营战略思考

加入WTO之后 ,随着更多跨国公司进入中国市场 ,我国的企业面临着更激烈的竞争。国际化经营也逐渐成为许多企业开拓市场、谋求生存和发展的重要战略。目前 ,中国家电企业的国际化经营战略主要有以下几种 :一、先到发达国家投资设厂海尔集团是这种模式的典型代表。海尔走出去采取了“先难后易”的原则 ,即先进入发达国家和地区投资建厂进行生产 ,在产品占领市场之后 ,再到发展中国家和地区投资建厂。这种战略具有一定的优势。因为与发展中国家相比 ,发达国家和地区的市场发展程度高 ,投资环境良好 ,消费水平高 ,市场规模大 ,投资机会多。更…     

企业走出海外靠什么——制度、政策、三大法宝规则

一靠现代企业制度统计，２００１年我国新增境外投资企业３１２家，我国的企业不断走出去；但客观地说，我国许多境外投资企业与外国跨国公司巨头比较起来，国际竞争力还不够。究其原因，主要在于适应全球市场竞争的现代企业制度多数还没有建立起来。这同时也是许多国内企业家感到困惑的一点———走出去后参与国际市场竞争，与对手比产品和资本，还旗鼓相当；但在企业制度和企业管理上却算不上国际化，与对手差了一大截，而就是这个差距拉低了我国企业国际竞争力的分值。跨国公司的含义，一是企业机制适应国际贸易和投资的需要，即企业制度…     

中国对外直接投资与全球价值链升级

研究目标：通过对行业层面和国家层面的对外直接投资（OFDI）逆向技术溢出效应的测定,从理论和实证上分析其对中国全球价值链的影响。研究方法：利用2003~2011年行业层面数据,采用两步系统动态GMM方法。研究发现：行业层面和国家层面的OFDI逆向技术溢出对中国全球价值链升级呈现显著的促进效应;但是在分行业视角下,对于技术密集型行业尤其是高新技术密集型行业,逆向技术溢出效应的促进效应并不显著;行业全要素生产率提升、行业贸易规模扩大均对行业全球价值链的升级具有显著的促进效应。研究创新：本文对于OFDI逆向技术溢出与中国全球价值链的嵌入程度和地位进行了全面实证分析。研究价值：在当前“一带一路”战略推进中,完善企业走出去相关政策机制,着重推动技术密集型企业参与对发达国家的直接投资,对中国全球价值链升级具有重要的价值和意义。     

春兰:消费者"满意服务"的引领者

拥有家电、自动车、新能源三大支柱产业的春兰集团,是集科研、制造、投资、贸易于一体的多元化、高科技、国际化大型现代企业,名列中国最大企业集团50强和江苏省10强.     

跨国公司研发国际化的动因分析

经济全球化促使越来越多跨国公司的研究与开发实行国际化战略，主要表现在：跨国公司海外R＆D分支机构数量日益增加；跨国公司国外的R＆D投资在其R＆D投资总额中的比例不断上升；跨国公司雇佣越来越多的国际高科技人才；专利申请的国际化程度迅速提高；跨国公司问的国际技术联盟不断增加。同时，跨国公司R＆D国际化存在多种动机。我国应该采用加大R＆D投入、     

Capital account liberalization and foreign direct investment

We examine the impact of capital account policies on FDI inflows. Using an annual panel dataset of 83 developing and developed countries for 1984-2000, we find that capital account openness is positively but only very moderately associated with the amount of FDI inflows after controlling for other macroeconomic and institutional measures. To a large extent, other country characteristics seem to determine FDI inflows instead of capital account policies. We also find that capital controls are easily circumvented in corrupt and politically unstable regimes. We conclude that liberalizing the capital account is not sufficient to generate increases in inflows unless it is accompanied by a lower level of corruption or a decrease in political risk.     

Bridging Africa’s income inequality gap: How relevant is China’s outward FDI to Africa?

This study examines whether: (i) the remarkable inflow of Chinese FDI to Africa matters for bridging the continent’s marked income inequality gap, (ii) Africa’s institutional fabric is effective in propelling Chinese FDI towards the equalisation of incomes in Africa and (iii) there exist relevant thresholds required for the various governance dynamics to cause Chinese FDI to equalise incomes in Africa. Our results, which are based on the dynamic GMM estimator and macrodata for 48 African countries, reveal the following. First, although Chinese FDI contributes to fairer income distribution in Africa, the effect is weak. Second, although Africa’s institutional fabric matters for propelling Chinese FDI towards the equalisation of incomes across the continent, governance mechanisms for ensuring political stability, low corruption, and voice and accountability are critical. Finally, the critical masses required for these three key governance dynamics to cause Chinese FDI and other income inequality-reducing modules to reduce income inequality are 0.8, 0.5 and 0.1, respectively. These critical masses are thresholds at which governance is necessary but no longer sufficient to complement Chinese FDI to mitigate income inequality. Hence, at the attendant thresholds, complementary policies are worthwhile. Policy recommendations are provided in the conclusion.     

我国环境规制对不同来源国FDI的影响

利用对中国直接投资排名前33位国家和地区的面板数据,对环境规制等因素与不同来源国FDI流入的关系进行研究,结果显示,我国环境规制虽然在一定程度上阻碍了来自发展中国家的FDI,但对发达国家的FDI并未产生影响.由于我国FDI大部分来自发达国家,因此我国环境规制对FDI流入的影响是有限的.提高我国的环境规制水平不但不会抑制FDI企业的进入,反而可以提高高新技术企业的竞争优势,发挥这些企业的技术扩散、外溢效应,更好地实现招商引资的战略目的.     

中国战略调整中的FDI模式选择

面对世界范围内的金融危机和经济衰退,中国企业应把握机遇,调整FDI战略,利用发达国家缩减对外投资的机会,加大对外投资力度。FDI模式选择对于我国企业顺利开展对外投资活动至关重要,其受到内部和外部诸多因素的影响。文中分析了影响FDI模式选择的因素,对于我国企业FDI模式选择提出了建议。     

Assessing the impact of fiscal transparency on FDI inflows

This paper analyzes the role of fiscal transparency as a determinant of foreign direct investment (FDI) attractiveness. It proposes an empirical test based on a panel regression analysis on data from 72 countries in the 2006–2015 time span. The evidence supports the idea that countries characterized by higher levels of budget openness attract more FDI inflows. In more detail, a higher degree of transparency during the phase of budget execution is associated with increases of FDI inflows, even when the sample is restricted to non-OECD countries and low and lower-middle-income countries. The positive effect is robust to several different specifications and is found to be additional to the one of general government transparency. Moreover, we also show that the role played by fiscal transparency in attracting FDI is independent of other close institutional determinants like control of corruption and regulatory quality.     

知识产权保护、FDI技术溢出与企业创新绩效

结合我国转型期的制度背景,基于中国2001—2011年的省际面板数据,运用面板门限回归模型,对FDI的技术溢出效应及不同知识产权保护水平在该效应中的影响进行检验。研究发现:知识产权保护对FDI的技术溢出存在显著的门限效应,随着我国知识产权保护力度的增强,FDI技术溢出对企业创新绩效的促进作用增大。另外,我国省际间的知识产权保护水平存在很大的差异。     

Foreign direct investment and economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa: A nonlinear analysis

Using the threshold regression model, we examine the effects of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), and the mediating role of FDI absorptive capacity, on economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa. We find that the threshold level of FDI inflows per person is approximately US$ 44.67 per annum. For FDI to have an appreciable impact on economic growth, countries must have minimum capacity to absorb the growth-enhancing benefits of FDI. For instance, the technology gap between the hosted foreign enterprises and domestic enterprises should be no less than 0.6904. Thus, achieving the FDI threshold level is a necessary, but not sufficient, condition for economic growth. Some countries use tax incentives to improve FDI inflows. We argue that such incentives may be counterproductive at low levels of FDI inflows: FDI coefficient estimates below the lowest threshold level are negative, implying that the higher costs of such incentives exceed the potential benefits availed by FDI’s direct contribution to economic output and spillovers.     

“污染天堂假说”在中国的检验

外商投资于我国污染产业的分布结构表明外商投资我国污染产业规模较大,有向我国大量转移污染产业,实现本国产业升级换代的倾向。但通过构建产业竞争力系数比值分析,外商清洁密集型产业较污染密集型产业的生产能力更强,比较优势更明显。同时,外商投资污染密集型产业分布结构优于我国整体污染密集型产业分布结构,外商投资对我国整体污染产业具有拉升效应。可见,中国在吸收国外直接投资的过程中并没有成为许多人所认为的“污染天堂”。     

Growth empirics with institutional measures for transition countries

This paper investigates the importance of institutions as a determinant of growth and foreign direct investment (FDI) in 25 transition countries for 1990–1998. It introduces some novel institutional measures, performs extensive sensitivity tests, and checks for reverse causation. Estimation results suggest that state institutions in particular are quite robustly important for growth and FDI. The relationship between institutions and growth is likely to be a causation, that between institutions and FDI less so. The significance of macroeconomic stabilization and liberalization is also confirmed, but multicollinearity problems make it impossible to properly judge their importance relative to that of institutions.     

Inter- and intra-industry linkages as a determinant of FDI in Central and Eastern Europe

This paper uses an unpublished dataset on disaggregated foreign direct investment (FDI) in Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs), and is rooted in new economic geography literature. A 10% increase in access to suppliers based in the FDI recipient country or access to the EU15 market for intermediate goods increases FDI by about 2% in Central European countries and by 1% in Eastern European countries. We argue that Central (core) European countries specialise in upstream industries and re-export goods toward FDI-origin countries, while Eastern (periphery) European countries are also involved in this production chain, but to a lesser extent.