基于游说的会计准则变迁研究

会计准则的变迁是一种动态的演化博弈，强调的是一种动态的均衡。会计准则的制定过程实际就是利益各方实现动态均衡的过程。本文探究了我国会计准则变迁过程中游说力度缺乏的内在因素。提出应加大与游说相关的直接利益，从而强化利益相关者对准则制定的游说力度，才能制定出高质量的适合我国国情的会计准则。     

农民工职业伤害中的潜规则研究

文章通过建立一个简单的博弈模型分析了农民工职业伤害中的潜规则问题,指出在现有的权利结构下,与正式制度背道而驰的潜规则成为实际操作中的强势规则并成为演化稳定均衡,这是农民工职业伤害的深层原因,并由此提出了相关对策和建议。     

论会计准则制定中的博弈

会计准则是各利益方博弈的结果。不同的会计准则产生不同会计信息,从而决定各利益集团的利益分配。因此会计准则不是一种纯技术过程,而是各利益方多次博弈达成的纳什均衡。     

会计准则与会计信息质量保证的博弈分析

文章依照程序理性,高质量的会计信息需要高质量的会计准则,而会计准则的制定和完善过程就是利益各方充分博弈过程。首先,指出会计准则的制定和完善是一个渐进博弈过程,子博弈精炼纳什均衡是会计准则制定的标准;其次,指出我国会计准则制定博弈存在缺陷;最后,就我国会计准则制定博弈缺陷提出完善会计准则的几点建议。     

基于演化博弈的我国高能耗企业节能减排政策分析

为了分析高能耗企业集群在低碳减排政策的引导下实施低碳生产的企业群体决策行为,需要在演化博弈理论框架下,重点研究高能耗企业集群的低碳决策模仿行为、激励性和惩罚性低碳政策对减排行为的演化影响等问题。根据高能耗企业的减排决策行为具有模仿、观察和学习过程,建立了低碳政策下高能耗企业减排行为的演化博弈模型,高能耗企业与政府部门作为不同类群体的演化博弈动态稳定均衡(即演化均衡)结果将是两种模式:一种是政府提供激励性减排补贴下,高能耗企业积极进行减排的模式;另一种是政府征收碳税等惩罚性政策下,高能耗企业被动进行减排的模式。最终社会经济系统的低碳政策模式收敛于哪一种状态,取决于历史惯例采取的减排模式、减排技术和相应政策措施的成本,以及政府部门的低碳宣传和社会舆论导向等因素。     

会计准则制定的博弈过程与我国会计准则

会计准则的制定过程是一个由多方利益代表参与的博弈过程,其博弈是否充分是准则是否有效率的保证.博弈充分与否与博弈动因、博弈模式有关.准则的制定是由不充分向充分博弈演变的过程,相应的纳什均衡逐步由低层次向高层次递进.从博弈论角度研究会计准则的宗旨是不仅仅是接受均衡结果,还要充分了解形成过程,从而创造条件达到良性均衡.     

从博弈的角度分析会计准则制定对利益相关者的影响

会计准则的制定被视为各方利益达到均衡状态的博弈过程,各方参与准则制定过程中的目的是使自己利益最大化。本文基于一种最普遍的情况分析了在准则制定过程中涉及的利益相关者之间的博弈,并拿我国07年开始实施的最新企业会计准则前后主要利益相关者境况的变化分析了一下博弈的结果。由于我国经济环境的个性和特殊性,因此所牵涉到的利益相关者的博弈能力大小不一,这也导致了我国会计准则制定的特殊性。     

中小企业贷款利率定价研究——基于银行竞争视角

优质中小企业贷款逐渐成为国有银行和中小银行价格竞争的主要空间,明晰国有银行与中小银行价格竞争策略对解决中小企业融资责问题有重要意义.文章构建商业银行价格竞争的演化博弈模型并进行数值仿真研究,针对中小企业贷款利率定价探究中小银行与国有银行竞争策略的演化轨迹及内外部影响因素.结果 表明:在价格竞争视角下,异质性银行竞争对中小企业贷款利率的作用机制主要是通过博弈双方的利益均衡来实现的;提高中小银行软信息分析能力和贷款市场竞争,能够促进中小银行与国有银行实现动态博弈均衡,推动博弈稳定策略向兼顾自主定价与低利率的理想区间转化,一定程度上有助于降低中小企业贷款利率,解决融资贵的难题.     

公共服务质量的演化博弈分析

公共服务质量演化分析可以认为是公共服务的提供者和需求者间的决策演化均衡过程。公共服务博弈的参与者的理性边界有一个趋于稳态的均衡过程。对公共服务的提供者和需求者间的演化博弈模型进行分析后，我们发现参与者的初始状态对稳态策略起着关键作用。非稳态的策略具有向最优或最差策略演化的趋势。政府制定政策时可依据关键的模型参数来进行控制。     

鹰鸽博弈问题新解——非期望效用理论下的博弈模型及其均衡分析

针对传统经济博弈论中关于博弈局中人均为理性人假设的局限性,本文基于RDEU理论对鹰鸽博弈问题进行了研究。本文构建了一种新的非期望效用鹰鸽博弈模型,该模型将博弈局中人的情绪因素引入博弈过程中,可以描述局中人在博弈中的情绪偏好和相应的决策行为,且经典鹰鸽博弈模型是该模型的一个特例。最后对鹰鸽博弈的纳什均衡进行了演化分析,研究表明,博弈问题的均衡状态与博弈局中人的情绪和变化程度相关。     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

Solidified Branding Function: How the Urban Brand Affects a Small Town’s Development? Case Study of Wangqingtuo,Tianjin, China

Chinese small towns are usually developed with single core industry,and the urban brand is the identity of a town that formed with the development of its indust...     

Nonlinearity in Stock Exchange Markets: The Case of Bist 100 Indices

In this paper,using data for the Bist 100 index,we investigate the presence of nonlinearities by employing several nonlinearity tests.The Brock,Dechert,and Sche...     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

Perspective on the Economic Evolution of the European Union States Under the Impact of the Pandemic and Financial-Economic Crisis

The European Union,which is at the beginning of its term of office for all Member States in the European Parliament,the European Commission,its governing body a...     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Neurally reconstructing expected utility

While the concept of “expected utility” informs many theories of decision making, little is known about whether and how the human brain might compute this quantity. This article reviews a series of functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) experiments designed to localize brain regions that respond in anticipation of increasing amounts of monetary incentives. These studies collectively suggest that anticipation of increasing monetary gains activates a subcortical region of the ventral striatum in a magnitude-proportional manner. This ventral striatal activation is not evident during anticipation of losses. Actual gain outcomes instead activate a region of the mesial prefrontal cortex. During anticipation of gain, ventral striatal activation is accompanied by feelings characterized by increasing arousal and positive valence. These findings affirm the role of emotion in the anticipation of incentives, and may provide an initial step towards a neural reconstruction of expected utility.     

Duplication, Growth and ‘Total Return Economics’

Maintenance consumption is an expense recovered in product prices, yet also a source of taste satisfaction which must be exhausted, rather than reinvested, from the capital affording it. This riddle is solved in the duplication rules: the cost of maintenance consumption is recovered in pay and prices, but an equal flow is exhausted from the human capital of the worker earning the pay. The rules impact tradition in several ways. If output is defined in principle as value added, then it cannot also be described as consumption plus net investment without double-counting the maintenance consumption recovered in prices. Also rate of return in the stationary state is not zero, but is the rate sufficient to offset the exhaustion of individual human capital. The rules lead to new insights into economic return, and support an argument that all growth at the scale of closure is due to productivity gain rather than to thrift.