社会流行病学与人口学的交叉研究进展

社会流行病学和人口学在研究内容、研究方法和疾病防治及卫生保健对策的研究等三个方面有着密切的联系.这些领域也是人口学研究方法在健康领域研究的渗透和应用.从研究内容上的"人群层面"的研究,研究方法上的"多层分析"方法和"生命历程分析",以及疾病防治和卫生保健对策的研究等方面对社会流行病学与健康人口学的交叉研究进展作了综述.     

2003:中国人口学研究的回顾与评述

根据对国内主要人口学刊物的文章检索,2003年中国人口学界研究的重点与热点主要集中在人口与经济、老龄、计划生育、迁移、人口理论与方法、普查、人口与社会等研究领域;文章对上述研究领域的代表性成果作了回顾和评述,在此基础上对未来人口学研究的走向作了展望.     

2003：中国人口学研究的回顾与评述

根据对国内主要人口学刊物的文章检索 ,2 0 0 3年中国人口学界研究的重点与热点主要集中在人口与经济、老龄、计划生育、迁移、人口理论与方法、普查、人口与社会等研究领域 ;文章对上述研究领域的代表性成果作了回顾和评述 ,在此基础上对未来人口学研究的走向作了展望。     

从人口学到人口科学

回顾了我国人口学近三十年来在研究领域、理论体系建设和研究方法方面取得的巨大进步 ,讨论了在我国人口转变基本完成和社会经济迅速发展的背景下 ,人口科学面临更大的发展机遇和更广阔的发展空间等问题。提出 ,我国人口科学应寻求自身基础理论的定位 ,为改革和发展作出更大贡献。     

从人口学到人口科学

回顾了我国人口学近三十年来在研究领域、理论体系建设和研究方法方面取得的巨大进步,讨论了在我国人口转变基本完成和社会经济迅速发展的背景下,人口科学面临更大的发展机遇和更广阔的发展空间等问题.提出,我国人口科学应寻求自身基础理论的定位,为改革和发展作出更大贡献.     

重大社会环境事件与人口健康的实证分析和思考——“事件人口学”在我国的创建和完善发展

社会发展进程中,自然和社会环境的重大改变会对人口数量和结构产生近期和远期效果,其对人口健康的影响效应则有更多证据。对重大社会环境事件的定义、基于重大社会环境事件的人口与健康研究的主要发现和存在问题进行了系统的梳理分析,并概要介绍了相关的研究,发现重大社会环境事件作为一种外生冲击和自然实验,为开展人口与健康的因果关系和相关关系等都提供了独特的研究机会和范式,有效弥补了已有人口与健康研究方法学的不足,也使得我们可以更加理性看待重大社会环境事件对人口与健康影响的"双面效应"。在全球化视角下加强基于重大社会环境事件的人口与健康研究,将为制定促进人口健康与社会政策提供重要参考,并以此为线索,可进一步拓展重大社会环境事件与人口数量、结构、分布、变动等人口效应的影响,进而建立事件人口学的研究体系、方法和内容。     

中国人口健康基本保障方案的评价——农村初级卫生保健的经验和教训

初级卫生保健是评价国家人口健康基本保障最重要的内容之一。建国以来我国初级卫生保健取得了卓越的成绩。伴随着人口转变过程 ,建立在原有计划经济体制下的初级卫生保健系统发生了较大的变化。以农村初级卫生保健为重点 ,探讨中国人口健康基本保障方案在提高中国人口健康水平中的作用和变化 ,反思和总结我国初级卫生保健实施过程中的经验和教训 ,为改善我国卫生保健体制提供更广阔的视角。     

2005：中国人口学研究的回顾与评述

根据对国内主要人口学刊物的文章检索,2005年我国人口学界研究的重点领域集中在人口流迁、人口与经济、生育、老龄、死亡、统计方法分析与运用等方面;对上述研究领域较有代表性的成果作了概括性的回顾与评述。     

中国人口健康基本保障方案的评价--农村初级卫生保健的经验和教训

初级卫生保健是评价国家人口健康基本保障最重要的内容之一.建国以来我国初级卫生保健取得了卓越的成绩.伴随着人口转变过程,建立在原有计划经济体制下的初级卫生保健系统发生了较大的变化.以农村初级卫生保健为重点,探讨中国人口健康基本保障方案在提高中国人口健康水平中的作用和变化,反思和总结我国初级卫生保健实施过程中的经验和教训,为改善我国卫生保健体制提供更广阔的视角.     

2005:中国人口学研究的回顾与评述

根据对国内主要人口学刊物的文章检索,2005年我国人口学界研究的重点领域集中在人口流迁、人口与经济、生育、老龄、死亡、统计方法分析与运用等方面;对上述研究领域较有代表性的成果作了概括性的回顾与评述.     

Consumer attitudes to ‘Healthy’ restaurants

This paper describes the results of a qualitative research study that sought the views of consumers about using restaurants as a setting for health promotion and, specifically, for providing low-fat healthy food choices. As health promotion has evolved from a major focus on individual change toward a greater focus on the environments in which people live, work and recreate, restaurants in Australia are now being targeted as appropriate organizations for change. Consumers in this study expressed cautious interest in the idea. However, it was clear that their prime motivation for choosing a restaurant and a restaurant meal did not lie with healthy food considerations. Instead, issues such as cost, personal preference and hygiene appeared to be more important.     

Governance and implementation of sports safety practices by municipal offices in Swedish communities

The objective of this study was to explore whether all-purpose health or safety promotion programmes and sports safety policies affect sports safety practices in local communities. Case study research methods were used to compare sports safety activities among offices in 73 Swedish municipalities; 28 with ongoing health or safety promotion programmes and 45 controls. The offices in municipalities with the WHO Healthy Cities (HC) or Safe Communities programmes were more likely to perform frequent inspections of sports facilities, and offices in the WHO HC programme were more likely to involve sports clubs in inspections. More than every second, property management office and environmental protection office conducted sports safety inspections compared with less than one in four planning offices and social welfare offices. It is concluded that all-purpose health and safety promotion programmes can reach out to have an effect on sports safety practices in local communities. These safety practices also reflect administrative work routines and managerial traditions.     

‘I send the wife to the doctor’– Men's behaviour as health consumers

This paper explores men's behaviour and attitudes in relation to health matters. While there has been some practical and research progress in engaging with users of health services, there is less development in the area of engaging non‐users. In effect, all members of the society can be the consumers/users of health promotion, though not all are. This paper reports on the first stage of a wider project aimed at increasing the effectiveness of skin cancer awareness messages aimed at men. The project focuses on men over 50 from an area of socio‐economic disadvantage, since these men tend to have the lowest life expectancies in general, and the highest incidences of mortality for skin cancer both at a national and international level. The research was conducted through community‐based focus groups and while the sample was relatively, small it produced some interesting outcomes in terms of how this cohort audited and responded to public health promotion campaigns; how they perceive cancer and health issues in general; how they respond to health issues; and how they view both the public health service in Ireland and the ways health professionals relate to them. It confirms many theories about how men view their health and how they respond to health promotion campaigns. Among other points, it raises questions about the possible mixed benefits of testimonial‐based advertising. It also indicates that there may be further layers of complexity connected to identity, fatalism, problem solving and respectful treatment that have not been sufficiently articulated in the literature. It points to the need for greater engagement by service planners and providers with the needs of their target audience, which may require a more encompassing definition of service user.     

Examining Reactions to Workplace Diversity: The Role of Dissimilarity–Attraction in Teams

This paper examines existing theory for understanding diversity in teams and offers propositions consistent with a unique dissimilarity–attraction framework. Prior relational demography research is examined and collective findings are used to purport this new direction for the field. Given current organizational and societal norms that emphasize a shift to a more proactive approach to diversity and inclusion, dissimilarity itself is suggested to signal positive cues for social identification and initial attraction among team members. The analyses may offer new approaches for framing hypotheses in relational demography research. Practical implications for management hinge on the notion that an understanding of these processes can have real and substantial impacts on team dynamics and associated competitive advantage. Copyright © 2018 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

变化时代的艾滋病预防

试图从人类人口学的视角和杰米逊关于社会变迁的公共卫生理论对中国目前在艾滋病预防上的困境作出解释 :当市场经济发展和社会变迁导致政治权利迅速分散使传统的社会控制失去作用的时候 ,需要更高思维素质的公民社会尚未形成。笔者就此提出一些建议     

Promotional Framing of Green Products: Mediating Role of Sale Proneness

Abstract

The impact of sales promotion in boosting short-term sales is well established in the literature. While there are ample studies on the impact of sales promotion on conventional products in western countries, there is very scant research on the effect of promotions on green products and almost nonexistence research in emerging economies. This research addresses this gap by doing a comparative assessment of economically equivalent bonus pack sales promotion and price discount sales promotions on green versus non-green products through two experiments designed as a 2 (green product motivation: hedonic vs. utilitarian) × 2 (promotional frame: price discount vs. bonus pack) × 2 (discount level: low vs. high) between-subjects study, and 2 ( product types: green, non-green/control) × 2(promotional frame: price discount, bonus pack) between-subjects study. This research further examines the mediating role of sale proneness in the purchase process. The findings of this research indicate that buyers' preferences for promotion are quite varied for the purchase of green versus non-green products, and the price discount increases sale proneness which exerts a negative impact on product purchase willingness. Accordingly, this study has some theoretical and practical implications.     

Non-Price Sales Promotion Impact and Moderator Role

Despite the importance of non-price sales promotions in new-product introductions, little is known about the impact of their characteristics in different time periods and the role of moderating variables. This study examines the effects of different levels of promotion desirability and relatedness in promotion time periods and post-promotion time periods. It also examines the effects of the need for cognition variable as a possible moderator. Research results, from a between- and within-subjects experimental design, add value to the literature by providing new insights for designing promotion programs and building brands. Implications are discussed and ideas for future research are given.     

在线促销限制对消费者购买决策的影响研究——基于精细加工可能性视角

文章基于精细加工可能性理论探究了在线购物情景中不同促销限制类型（时间限制和数量限制）对消费者购买决策行为的影响。通过2（产品涉入度：高vs低）×2（限制类型：限时vs限量）的组间因子实验设计进行了实证研究,结果发现：在线促销情境下,促销限制对消费者购买决策的影响受到消费者产品涉入度的调节。当产品涉入度高时,消费者偏好时间限制促销,购买意向更高,感知控制感起了中介作用。当产品涉入度低时,偏好数量限制促销,购买意向更高,感知稀缺性起了中介作用。文章丰富了促销理论和消费者购买决策理论,同时为商家进行有效的在线促销提供了直接指导。     

What Initiatives Are British Food Retailers Taking to Improve Children’s Health and Nutrition?

Along with food manufacturers, retailers contribute directly to the national diet. While efforts to reformulate private-label products have been assessed, little research considers other voluntary initiatives to impact public health. We explore efforts targeting children’s health and nutrition. Making use of the corporate social responsibility reports of the seven leading retailers from 2006 to 2011, we examine the types of actions, by which retail chains and when. Before 2008, most retailers reported on initiatives promoting children’s nutrition education and physical activity in schools. Since 2009, references to such programs have decreased, with a shift toward child wellness. We find that retailers differ in approaches and commitment. Those with larger market shares mention initiatives more frequently. Most activities are related to nutrition education, developing cooking skills, and promotion of physical activity and not product reformulation. Our research suggests these efforts are not coordinated, might be misplaced, and do not persist over time.     

The commercial contribution of clinical studies for pharmaceutical drugs

Pharmaceutical drugs are rigorously evaluated through clinical studies. The commercial consequences of such clinical studies, both to the promotion for and sales of drugs, are largely under-researched. The present study answers the following research questions: 1) How does the evolution of clinical study outcomes affect product sales? 2) How does the evolution of clinical study outcomes affect a firm's promotion expenditures to physicians and consumers? 3) Is the assessment of the responsiveness of sales to promotion expenditures biased when the analyst omits the role of clinical studies? We summarize a comprehensive body of clinical studies in three metrics: valence, dispersion, and volume. We extend the literature with the following findings. A higher valence and volume of clinical studies (i.e., more positive and larger number of studies) increase sales. A higher valence of clinical studies increases spending on both direct-to-consumer advertising and direct-to-physician promotion. A higher dispersion among clinical studies decreases spending on direct-to-consumer advertising. A higher volume of clinical studies has no effect on direct-to-physician promotion, but decreases direct-to-consumer advertising. Furthermore, the results show that omitting these metrics from a market response model leads to an overestimation of the responsiveness of sales to promotion expenditures.