外资对我国区域经济增长的影响

本文分析了我国利用外资的基本形势和区域分异,并利用Granger因果性检验法检验了我国各区域外资对区域经济增长的影响,发现外资对我国区域经济增长并没有决定性的影响,而西部地区较之东部沿海地区,外资对区域经济增长有着较为显著的影响。据此,笔者从改革开放后我国区域发展的基本格局和外资的经济影响的角度给予了初步的解释。     

论经济发展与外资规模政策

论经济发展与外资规模政策伍海华一、经济发展与外资规模政策的界定利用外资来加速经济发展涉及到两个方面的问题，即：其一是利用外资的规模，其二是利用外资的结构。因此，在分析利用外资的经济发展政策时，无疑地，我们应分析其利用外资规模的政策及相应的利用外资结构...     

略论我国利用外资的适度规模

外国资本大规模进入中国，促进了我国经济的快速发展，但同时由于外资规模，结构的不合理造成了多种负面影响，制约着我国经济的可持续发展，外资利用规模成为我国利用外资亟待解决的问题，从我国利用外资的结构、储蓄缺口和外汇缺口、外债的偿还能力等方面分析了我国目前利用外资的规模问题，并对今后的外资引进提出了建议。     

山西农业利用外资现状及发展对策

积极地引进外资、合理有效地利用外资，是解决山西省农业投资不足、加快农业现代化建设的重要途径。在我国即将入世及实施西部大开发战略的新形势下，要更多、更有效地利用外资来加快山西农业的发展步伐，必须充分利用各种有利条件，积极拓展外资利用渠道，扩大规模，提高效益，同时要加大宣传力度，改善引资环境力度和项目管理力度，这样才能把农业利用外资工作提高到一个新水平。     

近五年我国利用外资结构的变动及其趋势——以2006—2010年的数据为例

目前,我国三次产业利用外资的结构正处于一个较好的发展态势中,外商投资在三次产业中的分布正在形成"三、二、一"的格局。第三产业吸引的外商投资发展迅速、势头良好。我国调整外资结构的政策不应再着力于调整三次产业之间的结构,而应该着力于各次产业内部的结构调整。就利用外资的区域结构来说,虽然近几年中、西部利用外资的增速高于东部,但外商投资对中、西部经济发展的拉动力仍然未达到与其经济总量相适应的水平。在未来,应进一步加大中、西部地区的引资力度。就利用外资的形势结构来说,由于我国金融市场不成熟,导致FDI比例极高,未来FDI在外资中的占比将取决于金融市场的发展进程。此外,必须重视和切实改善外商投资独资化倾向过高的问题。     

浅析宁夏利用外资的现状、思路及对策

“西部大开发，宁夏要争先”，宁夏大发展不仅要具备资源、人才、技术等条件，雄厚的资金更是发展的有利保障。宁夏作为一个欠发达的内陆省区，资金积聚能力还很低，随着国家政策的向西倾斜，投资力度会有所加大，但如此浩大的工程，仅靠国家财力是远远是够的。因此，利用外资不失为一条好的筹资渠道，实践也证明，利用外资是发展经济的重要途径之一。 一、宁夏利用外资的现状 １．引进外资数量及利用。 据统计，截止１９９９年底，外商在我区投资的项目数有５１２个，协议外资金额为５６，３３９万美元，实际利用外资金额累计３７，３７７…     

我国利用外资的形势与新趋势

改革开放以来，外资对我国经济发展作出了积极贡献，但在利用外资方面也存在不少问题，其中，外资投向不合理和利用外资质量不高是比较突出的问题。为有效利用外资，必须创新利用外资方式，优化利用外资结构。十七大以后，我国利用外资方式的转变主要有两个方面，一个是由制造业投资为主转向以服务业投资为主，另一个是由绿地投资为主转向以并购投资为主。     

西部地区利用外资的现实思考

西部大开发作为一项耗资巨大的系统工程 ,资金是重要因素 ,必须充分利用外资。文章对西部地区利用外资的现状、不利因素与有利条件进行了分析 ,并提出了制度创新、明确重点、开发人力资源、拓宽引资渠道等五条建议     

关于我国利用外资的几点思考

自８０年代以来我国利用外资工作取得了显著成效。但随着利用外资工作的深入开展,我们将要面临或存在的问题也较多,主要表现在：一是加大了人民币升值的压力;二是加剧了国内资源的浪费;三是外资投向不合理,加剧了我国经济结构的失衡;四是我国利用外资引进先进技术的收效不大;五是假投资、真融资现象严重。为此,本文提出如下建议：一是协调利用外资与内资的关系,掌握适度的引资规模;二是提高引资质量,优化外资投向;三是严格区分权益性资本和债务性资本的区别;四是加强对外资的管理与监控     

西部大开发,外资怎么引

１９９９年底．中国政府决定正式启动西部大开发进程。朱总理在九届人大三次会议上作的《政府工作报告》中谈到西部大开发战略时说．吸引外资是西部大开发的重要内容。但是。就当前形势看．西部地区利用外资的总体水平在全国仍处明显落后地位．据统计。在中国累计批准和实际使用的外资全额中,西部地区所占比重不足４％。因此,如何利用外资参与西部大开发就成了大家关注的重要话题． 大开发孕育新机遇 为配合西部大开发战略的有效实施,国家政策向西部实行明显倾斜。根据中央经济工作会议精神,今年国家将对西部大开发的政策力度在以下方面…     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

Solidified Branding Function: How the Urban Brand Affects a Small Town’s Development? Case Study of Wangqingtuo,Tianjin, China

Chinese small towns are usually developed with single core industry,and the urban brand is the identity of a town that formed with the development of its indust...     

Nonlinearity in Stock Exchange Markets: The Case of Bist 100 Indices

In this paper,using data for the Bist 100 index,we investigate the presence of nonlinearities by employing several nonlinearity tests.The Brock,Dechert,and Sche...     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Perspective on the Economic Evolution of the European Union States Under the Impact of the Pandemic and Financial-Economic Crisis

The European Union,which is at the beginning of its term of office for all Member States in the European Parliament,the European Commission,its governing body a...     

Neurally reconstructing expected utility

While the concept of “expected utility” informs many theories of decision making, little is known about whether and how the human brain might compute this quantity. This article reviews a series of functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) experiments designed to localize brain regions that respond in anticipation of increasing amounts of monetary incentives. These studies collectively suggest that anticipation of increasing monetary gains activates a subcortical region of the ventral striatum in a magnitude-proportional manner. This ventral striatal activation is not evident during anticipation of losses. Actual gain outcomes instead activate a region of the mesial prefrontal cortex. During anticipation of gain, ventral striatal activation is accompanied by feelings characterized by increasing arousal and positive valence. These findings affirm the role of emotion in the anticipation of incentives, and may provide an initial step towards a neural reconstruction of expected utility.     

Duplication, Growth and ‘Total Return Economics’

Maintenance consumption is an expense recovered in product prices, yet also a source of taste satisfaction which must be exhausted, rather than reinvested, from the capital affording it. This riddle is solved in the duplication rules: the cost of maintenance consumption is recovered in pay and prices, but an equal flow is exhausted from the human capital of the worker earning the pay. The rules impact tradition in several ways. If output is defined in principle as value added, then it cannot also be described as consumption plus net investment without double-counting the maintenance consumption recovered in prices. Also rate of return in the stationary state is not zero, but is the rate sufficient to offset the exhaustion of individual human capital. The rules lead to new insights into economic return, and support an argument that all growth at the scale of closure is due to productivity gain rather than to thrift.