从文化价值的角度看消费形态

本文通过对全国1120个消费者的问卷调查和分析发现，中国文化价值演绎在消费生活形态上，主要有七种：务实型消费、随缘型消费、保守型消费、享乐主义消费、忠诚型消费、从众性消费、理性化消费，并分析了这七种消费生活形态的地区分布情况。研究结论具有理论和实践意义。     

广告支出与消费增长:基于1981年～2009年时间序列数据的经验研究

理论分析显示广告支出与消费增长相互依存,广告可以通过诱导消费者的潜在需求从而刺激消费,消费增长也会促使企业增加广告支出。笔者在多变量VAR模型的基础上,采用中国1981年～2009年度数据,运用协整检验发现:广告支出、城市居民消费支出和农村居民消费支出之间存在某种长期均衡关系,广告支出是城市和农村消费增长的格兰杰原因。脉冲响应和方差分解表明,广告对消费的刺激效应不断下降,呈现出长期均衡的趋势。从宏观整体的视角来看,企业广告长期投放应保持理性,广告支出应维持在相对稳定合理的状态。     

基于隐性营销模式的隐性广告策略

隐性广告作为一种新的广告理念,虽然存在较大的争议,但随着隐性营销模式的形成,取得了迅速发展。海尔是中国显性广告和隐性广告费用支出最多的企业,其隐性广告实践为隐性广告理论在中国的发展提供了实践基础。     

消费社会欲望花窗:从报纸广告透视城市文化——以《北京晚报》和《新闻晨报》为例

伴随着消费社会的到来,广告在社会文化特别是城市文化的发展中日益发挥着重要的作用,并成为城市文化的一种叙述方式.本文以都市报纸广告为例,选取<北京晚报>(北京)和<新闻晨报>(上海)的广告为对象,进行文本分析.通过统计和对比两份报纸各类广告的状况,运用鲍德里亚的符号消费理论,对不同城市报纸广告所建构的消费习惯做一番研究,进而阐释广告作为一种大众传播媒介,如何体现了特有的城市文化.     

符号消费时代商品广告的本质功能

长期以来．人们把促销视为商品广告唯一的本质功能，但是在符号消费时代，商品广告已不仅在流通领域通过传递商品信息以促进销售，而且成为商品符号价值的生产环节，商品广告具有生产符号价值的新功能。因此，在符号消费时代，商品广告的本质功能存在着一个二元结构：商品的促销功能和符号价值的生产功能。     

创新扩散理论对广告操作的有效指导--结合产品生命周期谈起

销售和利润额导入期成长期成熟期衰退期一、问题的提出我们知道,广告操作是在明辨消费人群的基础上有的放矢地投放。但是,在产品生命周期的不同阶段,如何才能找到合适的目标人群,找到目标人群后确定什么样的广告信息和媒体组合才能更好地实现广告效果,这些问题的解决需要创新扩散理论的有效指导。二、传播学视角下的产品生命周期——创新扩散理论的体现1.产品生命周期及其形态图。产品生命周期简称PLC(product life cycle),典型的产品生命周期一般可以分成导入期、成长期、成熟期和衰退期四个阶段。产品生命周期的形态如下图。图1产品生命…     

MMORPG网络游戏中的消费价值研究

作为广义虚拟经济的一种经济形态,近年来网络游戏的市场规模持续增长,从消费者感知价值的角度分析游戏消费价值对广义虚拟经济的理论和实践具有重要意义。本研究采用实证方法构建了MMORPG(大型多人在线角色扮演游戏)的消费价值模型,并进一步开发了网络游戏玩家分类模型。研究揭示了不同MMORPG游戏玩家类型在消费价值上所表现出的特征与差异。这一研究提供了虚拟物品消费的一个新的理论视角,其成果对虚拟运营商具有商业实践价值。     

儿童广告创意要符合儿童心理

２１世纪是一个经济全球化、一体化的新世纪。随着市场的进一步成熟有序，在开拓市场、提高企业市场占有率方面，广告可以说为无数企业立下了汗马功劳，同时广告也日益成为消费者购买和消费商品的重要向导，引导人们卷入一个又一个消费浪潮。“跟着广告走”似乎已成为现代人所特有的消费心态。在儿童消费品市场，广告商品更是“小皇帝”们追随的对象。儿童是一个不成熟的特殊消费群体，他们无法严密完整地体会一般广告所要传达的信息内容，他们很容易被广告的表面内容所吸引，广告对他们极易产生负面影响。所以，儿童广告更加复杂，因为它必…     

中国消费经济理论研究综述

随着改革开放二十多年实践的发展,我国的消费经济理论研究不断向纵深拓展,取得了突破性进展,为创造具有中国特色的消费经济理论奠定了初步基础。     

论电视广告中色调的应用

文章以色彩理论出发，通过对色调理论、色调特性的阐述，结合具体的实例，分析色调、色相调在电视广告中的应用，色调情感等在电视广告中的重要性，为广告从业者提供理论借鉴和实践依据。     

探究国际高级服装品牌对中国贸易的动因——基于不完全竞争市场理论

根据不完全竞争市场理论,用文献分析方法,可研究得出中国大陆高级服装市场属于不完全竞争市场的结论。在中国大陆市场中,企业能够实行价格歧视,以有效规避贸易风险、扩大市场份额、塑造产品形象。为了更好发展中国大陆高级服装行业,中国大陆需要降低关税、调整政策,并大力发展相关人才。     

控股股东股权质押、控制权转移风险与广告投入

股权质押使控股股东面临控制权转移风险,其有动机进行市值管理。本文以2011-2019年中国A股上市公司为样本,考察股权质押情境下控股股东是否存在调整广告投入的行为。研究结果发现,控股股东进行股权质押后,公司广告投入水平显著提高,说明股权质押情境下控股股东会通过策略性地增加广告投入进行信息管理,而非通过削减广告投入进行向上盈余管理,证实广告具有短期股票回报效应;控制权转移风险较大时,控股股东股权质押对广告投入的正向影响更明显,说明股权质押情境下控股股东增加广告投入是出于缓解控制权转移风险的动机。进一步研究发现,在散户规模较大和产品直接与消费者接触的企业,广告更容易吸引投资者注意力,此时控股股东增加广告投入的动机更强,该行为短期内可以提振股价,但没有起到改善经营业绩的作用且加剧了股价波动。本文为资本市场和产品市场的联系提供了证据,且对相关部门加强上市公司广告费用监管具有一定的政策参考价值。     

我国公共财政理论创新与进一步发展

我国公共财政理论的产生发展是市场经济改革实践发展的要求与结果,具有其积极的理论创新意义。但由于理论渊源上的原因,使得西方新古典主流经济学在制度分析上的不足和欠缺延伸并体现在我国现有的公共财政理论上。我国公共财政理论需要超越西方主流经济学及其公共财政学的制度既定观,以进一步推进我国公共财政理论的发展。     

Entry and industry evolution: the UK car industry, 1958—83

This paper models entry and the subsequent changes in market structure in three segments of the UK car industry, 1958–83. The entry equation emerges from a dynamic optimization model which allows for the costs of acquiring market share. The model is used to explore the hypothesis that the market penetration of entrants in this industry was facilitated by a post-entry advertising war which the incumbent firms lost. The basic hypothesis under examination is that advertising both facilitates and restricts entry, but that it does so in a way that varies systematically over time. The data are consistent with this view, showing that high advertising shares readily translate into high market shares, but that the escalation of industry advertising caused by entry can make high advertising entry strategies increasingly costly over time.     

Endogenous direct advertising and price competition

This paper analyzes how the use of endogenous direct advertising affects the functioning of a horizontally-differentiated market. We formulate a two-stage game of pricing and informative advertising in which two firms, first, compete with mass advertising and, later, build a database using their historical sales records and compete by directly targeting the ads on their potential customers. We show that, compared to the case where firms only use mass advertising, direct advertising yields higher advertising efforts and an intertemporal reallocation of both market power and profits from the first to the second period. We also find that targeting increases the overall firms’ profit and the level of social welfare, but the impact on the average intertemporal price and consumer surplus is ambiguous. Finally, when reaching the potential market with mass advertising is sufficiently expensive, the use of direct advertising leads firms to provide the socially optimal level of advertising whereas, if mass advertising is cheap, firms tend to launch too little advertising in the first period and too much in the second.     

The strategic nature of advertising in segmented markets

We develop a simple model in which firm-specific advertising has cooperative and predatory effects. Our model is set in a static market where firms are naturally segmented into two distinct submarkets: several large firms located in the core, with small firms operating as a fringe. We test the net effect of opposing market size (cooperative) and market share (predatory) effects of both fringe and core firm advertising on the advertising decisions of large firms in several US consumer industries. Empirically, fringe firm advertising leads to an increase in advertising efforts by large firms, implying strategic complementarity. On the other hand, increased advertising by core firms in an industry decreases advertising expenditures of other core firms, indicating they are strategic substitutes. Our findings imply that equilibrium levels of advertising can be greater with asymmetric, rather than symmetric, strategic interactions.     

四十年我国市场化进程的经济学分析*——兼论中国模式与中国经济学的构建

过去40年，我国在坚持社会主义基本经济制度条件下努力让市场机制在资源配置中发挥决定性作用。中国模式的特有内涵决定了我们无法在传统政治经济学逻辑或西方主流制度变迁理论中找到答案，唯有坚持直面现实的分析方法，通过对现象的深入剖析来检验和发展现有理论，推进中国经济学研究范式的创新。本文提出了我国制度变迁方式三阶段转换假说，即一个中央集权型计划经济国家可能成功地向市场经济渐进过渡的现实路径是，由改革之初的供给主导型制度变迁方式逐步向中间扩散型制度变迁方式转变，并随着排他性产权的逐步确立，最终过渡到需求诱致型制度变迁方式，从而完成向社会主义市场经济体制的过渡。这证明了中国改革开放伟大实践为经济学理论的发展提供了前所未有的机遇和挑战，中国模式是中国经济学的创新源泉。     

刺激还是抑制：企业负债对广告投入影响的理论与实证研究

以布莱德和莱维斯的理论为基础,假设广告具有拓展效应和窃取效应,研究企业负债与市场地位对企业广告投资的影响。结果显示：企业资本市场行为影响其产品市场竞争,负债具有竞争策略性;企业负债刺激其广告投入,而竞争对手负债抑制其广告投入;寡头垄断市场,企业初始市场份额抑制其广告投入;广告投入具有行业差异,且非制造业内部差异更大。研究结论拓展布莱德和莱维斯研究的同时,也给企业广告投资提供参考价值。     

A laboratory study of advertising and price competition

We use a laboratory experiment to study advertising and pricing behavior in a market where consumers differ in price sensitivity. Equilibrium in this market entails variation in the number of firms advertising and price dispersion in advertised prices. We vary the cost to advertise as well as varying the number of competing firms. Theory predicts that advertising costs act as a facilitating device: higher costs increase firm profits at the expense of consumers. We find that higher advertising costs decrease demand for advertising and raise advertised prices, as predicted. Further, this comes at the expense of consumers. However, advertising strategies are more aggressive than theory predicts with the result that firm profits do not increase.     

Advertising Subsidy and International Oligopolistic Competition

This paper examines the strategic role of advertising subsidies in a third‐country trade model in which two firms located in different countries export their products to a third country. First a basic model of advertising in oligopolistic industries is developed in which firms decide how much to invest in either predatory or cooperative advertising and then engage in product market competition either as Cournot competitors or as Bertrand competitors. It is shown that firms invest in only one form of advertising; which form they invest in depends on the relative effectiveness of the two types of advertising, the degree of product differentiation, and the form of product market competition. The paper then studies strategic industrial policy and shows that an advertising subsidy is the optimal strategic policy irrespective of the form of product market competition and the form of advertising in which firms invest.