负利率政策的传导渠道和有效性研究*

美国“次贷危机”之后全球经济深陷长期停滞状态,欧元区与日本相继实施负利率政策。负利率打破了政策利率零下限的教条,对现有理论提出了挑战。本文分析了负利率政策可能的传导渠道和影响负利率政策有效性的因素,并对现有的政策效果进行评估。本文发现负利率政策较容易对市场利率和汇率等金融市场变量产生影响;但就实体经济复苏而言,负利率政策成败的关键在于是否能有效增加贷款需求和供给。     

我国货币政策利率传导机制的分析与检验

文章运用协整分析方法实证检验了1996年-2007年我国货币政策利率传导机制的有效性,得出了这段时间内我国的利率机制有效性相对较弱的结论利率对各经济变量产生了一定的影响,但对宏观经济变量的解释能力相比于货币供给而言,显得相对弱一些,而货币供给可以跨过利率直接影响消费、投资、产出和利率,是宏观经济变量运动的源动力。这和我国的金融市场发展状况、利率市场化程度进展缓慢以及各经济主体对利率敏感性不高是联系在一起的,最后分析了提高我国利率传导机制有效性的关键所在,并据此提出了相关政策建议。     

国际大宗商品市场与中国金融市场间风险的传染测度与来源追溯

在极端风险事件冲击下,国际大宗商品市场与中国金融市场间的风险传染效应愈发显著.文章运用DCC-GARCH模型,刻画国际大宗商品市场与中国金融市场间的联动效应,基于Granger-Geweke因果关系检验方法构建动态因果网络,在极端风险事件冲击下测度国际大宗商品市场与中国金融市场间的风险传染效应,并追溯中国金融市场的外部风险来源.结果表明:(1)在极端风险事件时期,国际大宗商品市场与中国金融市场间的联动效应显著提升.在新冠肺炎疫情时期,国际大宗商品市场与中国金融市场间动态条件相关系数的概率分布曲线,呈现分布区间扩张、分布中心右移以及峰度迅速下降的态势.(2)在极端风险事件的冲击下,国际大宗商品市场与中国金融市场间的风险传染效应增强,在新冠肺炎疫情时期,国际大宗商品市场与中国金融市场的交互冲击具有非对称性,中国金融市场对国际大宗商品市场的影响力十分有限.(3)追溯中国金融市场的外部风险来源可知,能源、贵金属以及工业金属对中国金融市场的冲击强度高于其他商品,中国股票市场与汇率市场承受的外部冲击较强.文章为中国防范国际金融风险传染提供了理论支持与政策参考.     

金融市场发展与货币政策有效性探析

我国在金融体制转轨过程中必须重视金融市场政策传导机制的影响。目前我国金融市场发展还不够完善,资本市场和货币市场一体化的程度不高,货币政策传导机制受到各种制约。因此应不断完善资本市场与货币市场,开辟两个市场间的联系渠道,提高货币政策有效性。     

保障性住房供应如何影响商品房价——挤出供给抑或分流需求?

市场和保障是实现住房小康梦的主要途径,如何认识两者关系成为各级政府制定住房政策的重要参考.文章通过构建供需均衡模型,结合我国特殊的住房保障和土地制度安排,在理论上分析了保障性住房供应可能对商品住房市场的影响.文章基于2007-2016年中国248个城市的面板数据,利用固定效应模型和工具变量法对理论假说进行了检验.研究表明:在统计意义上,保障性住房通过土地资源的竞争性配给挤出了商品住房供应,但在分割的住房市场中无法替代商品住房需求,因此最终导致商品房价格上涨.进一步研究发现,供给挤出效应在土地财政依赖程度较低的地区更为明显.但实证结果的实际经济含义较弱,供给挤出效应与房价影响可以忽略,这意味着保障性住房供应基本不对其他群体的福利带来损害.文章的研究从土地与住房市场的双重角度,为完善住房保障制度提供了参考,对于正在广泛推行的共有产权房、保障性租赁住房的政策设计也具有借鉴意义.     

国际比较视角下我国财险市场增长趋势研究

本文通过构建面板数据模型,选取2000~2013年的样本数据,实证检验了全球70个国家8个组别和中国31个省市区4个组别的财险市场增长情况。实证结果发现:随着经济水平的提高,全球财险市场增长弹性呈现出V型趋势,这是财险需求和供给博弈的结果。中国财险市场增长情况好于全球同经济水平地区,增长弹性走势与全球V型趋势基本相同,呈现下滑态势。另外,金融市场发展程度和通货膨胀因素对财险市场增长影响在不同经济水平地区的结果并不一致。中国财险市场需进行结构性调整,特别是在市场建设和竞争模式等方面需有新的突破。     

商品住房市场模拟预测模型及其应用——以南宁市为例

本文从经典“供给-需求”框架出发,通过分析决定商品住房市场供给、需求、价格的因素,引进城市经济因素和政策因素,采用1999-2014年南宁市商品住房市场相关数据,构造了商品住房市场模拟预测模型,刻画商品住房市场运行的动态结构.研究结果显示,各模型样本内模拟情况良好,模型残差均为零均值同方差平稳序列,总体预测性能较好.     

中国城市区域经济组织的建设与创新

城市区域的经济一体化是经济发展的客观要求。中国的城市区域经济一体化进程滞后已经成为影响整个经济发展的重要因素,它表现在统一的要素市场和商品市场体系的建立、跨区域的公共事务管理及城市区域基础设施的供给等方面。城市区域协作组织滞后是制约城市区域经济一体化的重要因素。文章分析了国外城市区域组织的基本模式,中国城市区域协作组织面临的主要问题,提出了加快我国城市区域组织的建议。     

货币供给对中国股票市场的影响分析——浅析中国股票市场的资金因素

本文分析了货币供给对股票市场的影响,实证检验了货币供给对股票市场各个要素的影响程度,并提出了投资和政策建议。本文首先构建了一个宏观经济下的股票市场资金关系模型,理清了股票市场和实体经济之间的资金关系,从而阐明了货币供给如何影响股票市场。     

住房限购政策与地方政府供地行为

在城市化浪潮下,住房价格阶段性大幅上涨成为影响我国经济金融稳定的重要因素。政府主要采取限购住房等需求管理政策来稳定住房市场,而供给因素在房价稳定中的作用未得到充分考虑。本文试图从地方政府的土地财政行为视角出发,分析住房限购政策如何影响土地供给来探讨住房需求管理政策的效果。本文通过构建地方政府融资行为的动态均衡模型分析发现：住房限购政策会降低土地的供给;当限购政策取消时,由于需求释放而供给不足,会引起房价大幅度的反弹;地方政府对土地财政的依赖程度会影响上述效应大小。同时,本文基于城市面板数据的实证分析支持了以上结论。     

Financial market integration, labor markets, and macroeconomic policies

We used a dynamic two-country optimizing model featuring a labor–market friction to analyze the implications of financial market integration for the propagation of macroeconomic policies in an open economy. Our main result is that the labor–market friction we analyzed substantially reduces the magnitude of the effect of financial market integration on the propagation of macroeconomic policies.     

Franchise fee, competition and economic growth

This paper introduces the different kinds of franchise contract bargaining into a macroeconomic model and accordingly researches the relationship between competition and economic growth. In Nash bargaining model/vertical integration we find an inverted-U shaped or a monotonically increasing relationship between the competitive degree of the intermediate goods market and economic growth. In bargaining of the right to manage model/vertical non-integration our result shows an inverted-U shaped or a monotonically decreasing relationship between the competitive degree of the intermediate goods market and economic growth. In addition, there is an overall negative relationship between the competitive degree of the final goods market and economic growth. Especially, our interesting findings that the pricing rule for intermediate goods firm depends not only on market power but also bargaining power are more general. Therefore, we can further explain the firms' vertical control strategy.     

Stabilizing an unstable economy: Fiscal and monetary policy,stocks, and the term structure of interest rates

Monetary and fiscal policy measures have been applied in order to avert the financial market collapse and counteract the global recession. In this paper we present an integrated macromodel which in particular focuses on the financial markets. We use a Tobin-like macroeconomic portfolio approach, and the interaction of heterogeneous agents on the financial market to characterize the potential for financial market instability. We show that specific but unorthodox fiscal and monetary policies have to be used to stabilize such unstable macroeconomies.     

Financialization and Manufacturing Firm Profitability under Uncertainty and Macroeconomic Volatility: Evidence from an Emerging Market

Using semi-annual data from 1993 to 2003 for all publicly traded manufacturing firms in Turkey, this paper explores the impacts of macroeconomic uncertainty and external shocks on profitability of real sector firms in the presence of multiple investment options in both real and financial sectors. The paper argues that increasing availability and accessibility of investment opportunities in the financial markets help real sector firms sustain profit margins despite market rigidities, increasing goods market competition, or higher levels of risks. The empirical results based on dynamic panel estimations show that increasing macroeconomic uncertainty and volatility have a significantly negative effect on firm profitability. In contrast, increasing the share of financial investments in total assets is found to be reducing such negative effects at a statistically and economically significant level.     

供给管理与我国现阶段的宏观调控

本文针对中国现阶段宏观经济失衡的新特点,分析了宏观需求管理政策的局限性,在讨论供给管理政策特点的基础上,提出了在长期和短期经济波动调节中引入供给管理的客观性,同时针对中国实际,分析了需求管理政策与供给管理政策相互结合的基本原则。     

Taxation of International Private Capital Flows and Securities Transactions in Developing Countries: Do Public Finance Considerations Augment the Macroeconomic Dividends?

This paper examines policies to tax international private capital flows and securities transactions in developing countries. Many recent studies focus on the macroeconomic dividends associated with these policies (namely, their contribution to macroeconomic and financial stability and lengthened investor time horizons). In this paper I explore whether the potential of these policies to raise much‐needed tax revenues in developing countries augments their well‐known macroeconomic benefits. To my knowledge, there has been no effort to examine systematically the public finance issues related to the taxation of international private capital flows or securities transactions in the developing country context. I conclude that the public finance implications of these policies in middle‐income developing countries offers additional support to the macroeconomic case for them. To different degrees, taxation of international private capital flows and securities transactions has the potential to raise modest revenues in middle‐income countries. However, far more important is the potential of these policies to offer valuable macroeconomic dividends on the national level. These national macroeconomic dividends have the potential to bear fruit globally. This is because experiences with financial contagion over the last decade suggest that global financial stability can be enhanced via the promotion of domestic financial stability in developing countries.     

融资激励和融资约束对PPP模式下公共产品提供效率的影响——基于不完全契约理论的一般均衡分析

通过构建不完全契约理论下的一般均衡模型,对比分析了PPP模式中的融资约束和融资激励对公共产品提供效率和社会福利的影响,并探讨了融资约束条件下的效率损失。结果显示:私人融资的专业性可以提高公共产品合意程度,但是私人部门的融资约束会抵消其专业性带来的好处,导致社会福利损失。最后针对民营企业参与PPP项目对政府提出建议:必须打破融资约束和制度歧视,完善和规范金融市场,在公平、竞争的市场环境下引入专业机构参与公共产品提供的各个领域。     

金融体系的顺周期性问题解读

在信息不对称性和金融市场不完善条件下,金融体系自身具有顺周期变化的特点。金融加速器机制、《巴塞尔协议》的资本约束监管机制以及金融机构自身的行为都会导致信贷供给更为严重的顺周期性,并放大经济冲击、影响宏观政策的效果。而以美国为核心的金融资本主义模式进一步加重了金融体系的顺周期性。因此,对金融体系的顺周期性问题的相关研究成果值得梳理和借鉴。     

A policy model to analyze macroprudential regulations and monetary policy

We construct a small‐open‐economy, new Keynesian dynamic stochastic general‐equilibrium model with real financial linkages to analyze the effects of financial shocks and macroprudential policies on the Canadian economy. The model incorporates rich interactions between the balance sheets of households, firms and banks, long‐term household and business debt, macroprudential policy instruments and nominal and real rigidities and is calibrated to match dynamics in Canadian macroeconomic and financial data. We study the transmission of monetary policy and financial and real shocks in the model economy and analyze the effectiveness of various policies in simultaneously achieving macroeconomic and financial stability. We find that, in terms of reducing household debt, more targeted tools such as loan‐to‐value regulations are the most effective and least costly, followed by bank capital regulations and monetary policy, respectively.