Pulmonary flow loop

Pulmonary flow loops display characteristic patterns and give clues to the underlying pathology of airway or parenchymal lung disease.     

对“货物流”与“资金流”背离原因的思考及启示

“货物流”与“资金流”高度匹配是特定历史条件下的结果,随着管制的逐步减少和金融创新的快速发展,不管是否推行本币结算,这两者间的匹配性部必然会出现下降。应逐步放弃“货物流”与“资金流”相匹配的分析思路,建立健全与更加开放的经济条件相适应的资本跨境流动宏观审慎分析与管理框架。     

智能化资金管理

2010年上半年,银监会正式颁布了“三个办法一个指引”（包括《流动资金贷款管理暂行办法》、《个人贷款管理暂行办法》、《固定资产贷款管理暂行办法》和《项目融资业务指引》,以下统称为“贷款新规”）。贷款新规的出台,使商业银行对于企业“挪用信贷资金,转用其他投资”的做法有了一道法律的保护屏障。剖析贷款新规,复杂、规范化的程序对银行而言,     

江龙控股危机调研

在中国资本市场,江龙控股是一个江湖传说：从创建到成为行业龙头企业,拥有“中国印染第一股”,用了四年多时间;然而,从风光无限到轰然倒塌,却只用了短短一年。     

Over-investment of free cash flow

This paper examines the extent of firm level over-investment of free cash flow. Using an accounting-based framework to measure over-investment and free cash flow, I find evidence that, consistent with agency cost explanations, over-investment is concentrated in firms with the highest levels of free cash flow. Further tests examine whether firms’ governance structures are associated with over-investment of free cash flow. The evidence suggests that certain governance structures, such as the presence of activist shareholders, appear to mitigate over-investment.     

The firm''s leverage-cash flow relationship

Two separate strands of the literature on capital structure under asymmetric information consider the relationship between a firm's financial leverage and cash flow. Signalling theory suggests a positive relationship, while pecking order behavior implies a negative relationship. These contrasting theoretical implications appear contradictory. However, both are supported in different bodies of empirical literature. Leverage-changing event studies tend to support a positive relationship while cross-sectional studies typically reveal a negative relationship. This paper proposes that the appropriate pecking order relationship is contemporaneous — between current leverage and current cash flow, while the relevant signalling relationship is intertemporal-between current leverage and future cash flow. A dynamic simultaneous equations model is built which allows the firm's leverage, cash flow, and risk to interact jointly in the same period, as well as across time. Empirical results reveal that, in the same time period, leverage and cash flow tend to be negatively related, while across time leverage is positively related to future cash flow. Thus the apparent contradictions in the theoretical and empirical literature may be reconciled by considering both the contemporaneous and dynamic aspects of the firm's leverage/cash flow relationship.     

如果有稳定的现金流就将它证券化

根据研究公用事业行业的需要,资产证券化(Asset Backed Securities)融资方式可以理解为:将一组流动性较差的公用事业资产经过一定的组合,使这组资产能产生可预计且稳定的现金流收益,通过中介机构的信用加强,把这些资产的收益权转变为可在金融市场上流动的、信用等级较高的债券型证券的过程.     

A cash flow cost-volume-profit model

The traditional cost-volume-profit (CVP) model assumes the accounting flows follow the accrual accounting model. No distinction is made between accrual cost flows and cash flows. This paper looks at several different cash flow break-even models.One model assumes there is no opportunity to use an accrual accounting taxable loss by other profitable product lines or through a tax loss carryback. When graphed, this model presents a “dog-leg” at the accrual accounting breakeven point. A more general model assumes that an accrual tax loss is usable. When graphed, this model presents a line parallel to the after-tax accrual-based cost line, shifted downward in the amount of the noncash fixed costs.     

Disappearing investment-cash flow sensitivities: Earnings have not become a worse proxy for cash flow

According to a recent conjecture in the literature, earnings have become a poorer proxy for cash flow from operations over time. We find that since 1988, when cash flow statements started to be consistently reported in Compustat, the cash effectiveness of earnings has actually increased for a large sample of US manufacturing firms. This occurs despite the introduction of fair value accounting and increasing accounting accruals during the last three decades. Also contrary to the conjecture, using more comprehensive measures of cash flow does not restore the investment-cash flow sensitivity, which continues to be around 0.05 in more recent periods.     

The relative information content of operating and financing cash flow in the proposed cash flow statement

This study compares the relative information content of the new specifications of operating and financing cash flow as proposed jointly by the IASB and the FASB with the specifications in SFAS No. 95. A unique feature of the study is the use of the Siegel and Biddle (1994) test of relative information content. The results indicate that the proposed operating cash flow measure has less relative information content than the current measure, and the results for financing cash flow are consistent with equity investors finding no significant difference between the current and proposed measures.     

利用信息技术改造保险业务流程

随着信息技术在保险公司的深入应用,其作用已经从传统的以办公职能和业务处理为中心转向从根本上渗透和影响组织的核心业务,并将彻底改变保险公司的组织模式,提高工作效率、服务水平和管理能力.     

Information flow and price discovery dynamics

Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting - Non-homogeneous and time-varying information flow that affects the price discovery processes within and across markets is a common occurrence in...     

ESG activities and firm cash flow

I measure the influence of ESG activities on Free Cash flow to the Firm and Free Cash Flow to Equity. I find that ESG activities primarily benefit the cash flows to creditors of firms in developed markets. The ESG effect predominantly comes from the excess spending of the firm on communicating how it integrates the economic (financial), social and environmental dimensions into its day-to-day decision-making processes. For developed market firms, the additional factor of excess spending on conditions for the workforce plays a role in boosting Free Cash Flow to the Firm.     

Facilitating knowledge flow through the enterprise

This paper is concerned with the issues we encountered when attempting to achieve enterprise level knowledge reuse. We present three pilot studies where new visualization techniques were used to allow manufacturing and service operations take advantage of engineering knowledge embodied in 3D models. Though all these studies showed dramatic productivity increases, only one business unit from the studies is currently working to achieve the reuse. There are a number of reasons why this is so, but the key underlying theme is a lack of enterprise level commitment to knowledge sharing and a lack of an adequate knowledge architecture for sharing knowledge across organizational boundaries. We conclude with an approach for facilitating knowledge flow across functional units. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

关于完善跨境资金流动监测管理机制的思考

随着我国涉外经济的快速发展,跨境资金流动对我国经济和宏观调控效果的影响日益明显,因此,加强对跨境资金流动的监测分析和管理具有重要意义。文章从切实贯彻与完善相关监管机制、提高监测效率的角度出发,对当前影响跨境资金流动监管有效性的因素进行了梳理,探讨如何完善其监测管理的相关机制,并提出相关政策建议。     

Concentrating on q and cash flow

Investment spending by US public firms is highly concentrated. The 100 largest spenders account for 60% of total capital expenditures and drive most of the variation in aggregate investment. This high concentration creates a disconnect between the average public firm and macroeconomic aggregates. For large firms, cash flow remains the primary driver of investment spending and has not declined in importance as it has for smaller public firms. The cash flowing to big spenders provides a better forecast of future investment opportunities than noisy proxies for Tobin's q even though these firms are not financially constrained. These results suggest that, at least for the largest spenders, it is unlikely that measurement error drives the significance of cash flow. Our results are also inconsistent with recent models that predict higher investment-cash flow sensitivity for small young growth firms and suggest that cash flow is still the most important determinant of macroeconomic fluctuations in investment spending.     

粉饰与识别：透视企业现金流量

在上期的文章中,周纳老师向我们介绍了主要的会计报告粉饰方法对现金流量的影响中的前三种方法,即利用虚拟资产调节利润;利用长期投资调整影响报表使用者的指标;操纵收入确认。本期将继续介绍后几种粉饰方法对现金流量表的影响方法：利用关联方交易的方法;利用会计政策、会计估计变更粉饰公司业绩;利用时间差（跨年度）调节利润;利用资本经营调节利润。     

Mutual fund portfolio trading and investor flow

I estimate the extent to which mutual fund portfolio trading of securities is triggered by investor flows into and out of the funds, and find that this liquidity-induced portfolio trading activity is smaller than previously estimated by Edelen (1999). I obtain estimates from a much larger and broader sample of funds than Edelen’s (1999) sample. Portfolio managers of international funds trade a smaller fraction of investor flow than do those of domestic funds. Index funds invest a larger fraction. A funds’ usage of futures contracts does not have a statistically significant effect on how it trades in response to investor flows, but the unpredictability of investor flow weakly affects the trading response to flow.