THE SEVENTH‐CENTURY ISLAMIC GOLD STANDARD

Monetary systems are catalysts for economic, social and political progress. The interdependence between monetary, economic and political order is illustrated by currency competition between the Byzantine and Muslim empires in the seventh century. The evolution of an Islamic gold standard demonstrates that Byzantine and Muslim ruling circles were conversant with the dynamics of currency competition. In keeping with the theory of currency competition, the creation of the Muslim gold standard marked the beginning of a rapid economic outperformance by the Islamic empire.     

Controlling Mobility and Regulation in Urban Space: Muslim Pilgrims to Mecca in Colonial Bombay, 1880–1914

The meanings and practices of space shape how cities are understood and governed. This article argues that space is central to understandings of mobility and practices of regulation in the city. Undertaking an analysis of the regulation of Muslim pilgrims (Hajis) in colonial Bombay (Mumbai) from 1880 to 1914, this article explores urban governance discourses around race, religion and public health at a variety of scales. It investigates the way that Hajis were problematized through these discourses, and targeted as threats to elite power and prosperity in the specific context of Bombay as a global shipping and economic hub. I conclude that elite conceptions of the city shape the governance of problematized bodies in ways which reinforce the meanings and politics of mobility and space. Elite understandings of movement and the city itself shape the practices and targets of urban regulation and control.     

MUSLIM WOMEN AND PROPERTY RIGHTS

This paper examines rights to property accorded to women in Islam under direct     injunctions and compares it with the state of these rights in present Muslim societies. It argues that the correct application of     law will not only materially improve the status of women in Muslim societies and guarantee them economic security, it will also bring economic prosperity to such societies directly.     

Online big data-driven oil consumption forecasting with Google trends

The rapid development of big data technologies and the Internet provides a rich mine of online big data (e.g., trend spotting) that can be helpful in predicting oil consumption — an essential but uncertain factor in the oil supply chain. An online big data-driven oil consumption forecasting model is proposed that uses Google trends, which finely reflect various related factors based on a myriad of search results. This model involves two main steps, relationship investigation and prediction improvement. First, cointegration tests and a Granger causality analysis are conducted in order to statistically test the predictive power of Google trends, in terms of having a significant relationship with oil consumption. Second, the effective Google trends are introduced into popular forecasting methods for predicting both oil consumption trends and values. The experimental study of global oil consumption prediction confirms that the proposed online big-data-driven forecasting work with Google trends improves on the traditional techniques without Google trends significantly, for both directional and level predictions.     

分析影响我国消费者网上购物的心理因素

网上购物交易模式正在全球快速发展,我国经过多年的积累,虽有一定的发展,但是发展却很缓慢,这其中的影响因素很多。文章主要分析了消费者自身的心理因素如何影响我国网上购物的发展。     

Policies against human trafficking: the role of religion and political institutions

I investigate empirically the role of religion and political institutions in policies against human trafficking, using the new 3P Anti-trafficking Policy Index. The dataset contains 175 countries. The results show that governments in countries with Christian majorities implement stricter anti-trafficking policies than governments in countries with Muslim majorities. The differences between countries with Christian and Muslim majorities are pronounced in dictatorships but less so in democracies. For example, the 3P Anti-Trafficking Policy Index in a dictatorship with no Muslims was by 1.9 points higher than in an otherwise identical but purely Muslim dictatorship (on a scale from 3 to 15). The association between religion and the overall 3P Anti-trafficking Policy Index is driven by protection and prevention policies. As compared to prosecution policies that mainly target the perpetrators of human trafficking, protection and prevention policies mainly protect the victims of human trafficking, i.e. predominantly women. The conclusions are consistent with other empirical findings regarding the association between religion, political institutions, and human development.     

The Enclave,The Citadel and the Ghetto: The Threefold Segregation of Upper‐Class Muslims in India

The urban sociology literature has identified three types of segregated spaces: the ghetto, the enclave and the citadel. While the ghetto stems from a high constraint, the enclave accounts for a more intentional form of segregation and the citadel refers to a deliberate attempt to exclude undesirable populations. While these three figures are often contrasted in the American literature, this article focuses on a specific type of neighbourhood that combines all of these: the upper‐class minority neighbourhood. By introducing the main results of an interview study I conducted in the Indian city of Aligarh, I show that Muslim upper‐class residential choices are informed by contradictory feelings: while the threat of Hindu–Muslim riots forces them to segregate in homogenous neighbourhoods (the ghetto), their segregation also stems from a genuine desire to live in an Islamic environment (the enclave). Finally, the Muslim upper classes also indulge in a sharp process of socio‐spatial differentiation from their poorer coreligionists (the citadel). These processes of compelled segregation, self‐aggregation and social distancing lead to an enduring spatial concentration along religious and class lines. The simultaneity of these three logics indicates that the categories of the ghetto, the enclave and the citadel, framed in reference to the American context, can be applied to the Indian city of Aligarh if understood as dynamic processes rather than static spatial units. Such a reformulation allows theory to travel across the North–South divide in a more productive way.     

God and green: Investigating the impact of religiousness on green marketing

As the population increases, more people are now aware of the impact of their consumption on the natural environment. Nonetheless, 1 important factor that is often neglected is religiousness. Studies of the impact of religiousness on individual behavior have become increasingly important because the majority of the world population belongs to 1 of the major world religions. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of consumers' religiousness toward proenvironmental identity, attitudes toward environmental issues, and subjective norms about the environment. Subsequently, this study investigates the impact of these variables on purchase intention of green products. Using sampling from Indonesia (n = 649), which has the largest Muslim population, the results show significant differences between religions. In general, similar findings were found in both samples of Muslim and Christian consumers, where intrinsic religiousness has a positive impact on proenvironmental identity, attitudes towards environmental issues, and subjective norms about the environment. The study also found that the 3 variables (proenvironmental identity, attitudes towards environmental issues, and subjective norms) are positive determinants of intention to purchase green products. Nevertheless, the role of extrinsic religiousness is different for the 2 samples. Extrinsic religiousness is negatively related to attitude towards environmental issues for Muslim consumers, where it has a positive influence on proenvironmental identity among Christian consumers. The results of this study have significant implications not only to managers but also religious leaders on how to encourage more positive attitudes toward the environment.     

Crowdworkers,social affirmation and work identity: Rethinking dominant assumptions of crowdwork

Crowdwork is becoming increasingly popular as evidenced by its rapid growth. It is a new way of working that is conducted through global digital platforms where money is exchanged for services provided online. As it is digitally grounded, it has been assumed to be context-free, uniform and consisting of a simple exchange of tasks/labour from a global workforce for direct monetary pay. In this study, we examine these dominant, largely Western assumptions from crowdworkers' perspective and turn to a non-Western context to destabilise them. We adopt an inductive research approach using multiple sources of qualitative data including interviews, participant observations, documents review, observation of social media chat rooms and online forums. The study reveals that as they lack organisational, occupational and professional context and referent, crowdworkers rely on social affirmation in the construction of their work identity. They construct a work identity of who they are that cuts across the boundaries between themselves, the digital work they do and their social environment. This constructed work identity then frames how they do crowdwork and their relationships with digital platforms and employers. This study advances theories about crowdwork contesting the dominant assumptions and showing that it is not context free, neither it is a simple exchange of labour. Further, it shows that the construction of a crowdwork identity in context plays a significant role in shaping the way this digitally-grounded work is conducted and managed.     

电子商务的风险与防范

经济的发展和科技的进步为电子商务开辟了一个非常广阔的发展前景,在全球信息化趋势的影响下,所有国家的电子商务在进行不断的改进与完善,电子商务成为了21世纪先进生产力的标志之一。在信息时代,作为一个企业国际公认的电子商务的概念深入人心。在我国,随着计算机与网络技术的普及和发展,电子商务开始崛起,并以良好的势头迅猛发展,使我国的网上交易发展也步入了一个新台阶。     

islam and hayek

Can the Muslim world be integrated into the world economy? Dr Imad Ahmad, president of Imad-ad-Dean Inc. of Bethesda, Maryland, argues that the market economy is fully compatible with Islamic belief. Muslims believe in the rule of law.     

Islam and Human Rights: A Growing Rapprochement?

Can Islamic thought provide a basis for a fully developed theory of human rights? This article begins with an examination of the tensions between religion in general and the secular framing of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). From a historical perspective, it then delves into the history of the relationship between Muslim political and religious leaders and the UDHR. With that background in mind, the author analyzes the positions of three influential Muslim scholars on human rights: Khaled Abou El Fadl's emphasis on ethics and law; Abdulaziz Sachedina's recent book Islam and the Challenge of Human Rights (2009), in which he urges the traditionalists to develop a “public theology”; and finally, Abdullahi An‐Na'im's focus on shari'a and the secular state. He concludes that the majority of Muslims worldwide remain more conservative than these authors, and yet they overwhelmingly support the notion of human rights. This bodes well for the growing influence of such reformist thinking and, as a result, for the retooling of traditional Islamic jurisprudence in addressing human rights.     

服务产品多营销渠道下顾客渠道选择的量化分析

在全球服务经济迅速发展的背景下,以数字化为基础、互联网为纽带的新经济革命的到来,为服务产品如酒店客房的销售从传统的单一店面销售模式走向多营销渠道销售模式提供了强有力支持。本文首先对新技术环境下酒店客房销售模式进行了介绍,主要有实体门店销售、实体店官网销售、实体旅行社及在线旅行社四种模式,并针对不同年龄段顾客就这四种销售方式的选择趋势采用多属性决策方法进行了排序,且对排序结果作了解释。酒店在进行客房预订销售时,可以根据历史入住顾客年龄段分布情况,适时合理调整酒店的营销战略。     

QQ20岁 企鹅“大哥”大了

QQ对腾讯来说,是基因也是一种信念,当它放在那里,大家就会觉得踏实,但它又不仅仅是历史的传承,它还在不断迭代,不断收获年轻用户,在极速发展的互联网世界里,几乎可以说是个传奇。2019年QQ已经"20岁",究竟,它是如何做到"永新"的?     

APPLYING NORTH'S LAWS OF MOTION TO THE EDGE OF THE WEST

This paper uses Douglass North's theories of institutional economics to explain progress in Muslim Spain. It argues that it was efficient economic institutions in the guise of a free-market economy where the property rights of different strata of society were well protected, which ensured lasting prosperity. This paper postulates that while a population explosion could have been responsible for the initial growth in Spain, it was an efficient formal–informal institutional matrix that ensured a high level of long-term growth.     

Improving agility and resilience of automotive spares supply chain: The additive manufacturing enabled truck model

The global supply chain disruption by the COVID-19 pandemic is difficult, if not impossible, to estimate as over 94% of the top 1000 fortune companies were badly affected. The need for building resilient supply chains to mitigate the effect of such disruptions is rising rapidly than ever before across the global business spectrum. Building resilience in the automotive spare parts (ASPs) supply chain is critically important as any disruption to automotive spares supply chain will affect the operations of the logistics sector, the backbone of global supply chains. This research work contributes to improving the resilience of the automotive spare parts supply chain by proposing a Viable Supply Chain (VSC) framework design that incorporates Additive Manufacturing (AM) enabled trucks in the automotive spares supply chain network. Based on the proposed model, conceptual case models are developed and tested with proposed AM enabled truck manufacturing closer to end customer. A heuristic approach called shortest time heuristic is also proposed to solve the routing and scheduling of an AM enabled truck to deliver customers’ orders of the spare parts through an online platform. Importantly, the study demonstrate how additive manufacturing can help the ASPs industry to switch from the existing practice of make-to-stock to a more efficient inventory management and cost saving make-to-order model while also achieving resilience and sustainability in by providing a source of spares support for discontinued models of vehicles.     

基于城市网络消费经济发展现状的管理趋势研究

城市经济发展过程中,随着网络消费迅猛增长,带动的消费需求强劲.在消费增长明显的同时,网络经济消费成为了新的流行趋势.先进的信息和通信技术正将我们带入一个崭新的信息时代.调研结果指出,人们在网络采购的日常开支上并未受到金融危机的影响,反而是网络购物的异军突起也逐渐成为了人们普遍的消费方式.全球范围浮现的是一种信息化、全球...     

A CONFLICT OF INTEREST: ISLAMIC HOME FINANCING IN AMERICA

The rising Muslim population in the USA has fuelled an increase in the domestic demand for '     ' finance. One of the prominent restrictions that     imposes on financial practices is a prohibition on the payment and collection of riba , interest on loans. This paper examines the home financing models of three prominent Islamic financial institutions. It identifies the transaction models that these institutions use, explains the differences among these models and illustrates how each institution 'sells' its chosen approach to the public.     

The impacts of gender inequality in education on economic growth in Tunisia: an empirical analysis

The positive contribution of women’s education to the economy and society has long been known in many countries, particularly in developing countries, to attract more attention. A large number of literatures on women’s education clearly suggest that educating a woman is equivalent to educating a family and that this woman is better educated than her counterparts, men, in many respects. The low level of education of women in Muslim countries, most of which are in developing countries. The increase in the level of education depends on the elimination of gender inequalities in education. Muslim countries must use all their resources to achieve their economic development goals. Women’s participation in the economy is a major economic resource that is not widely used in Muslim countries. The literature (Dollar and Garti in Gender inequality, income, and growth: are good times good for women? World Bank Working Paper, 21–2 1999; Barro in The Contribution of Human and Social Capital to Sustained Economic Growth and Well Being, Canada Government, Portage 2001; Schltz 2002; Klasen 2002; Knowles et al. in Oxf. Econ. Pap. 54 118–149 2002) suggests that gender equality has a positive effect on economic growth. Taking into account Muslim countries, it can reasonably be argued that the rate of the gender effect on economic growth is higher in developing countries. This paper analyzes the impact of gender inequality in education on economic growth for tunisia will be explored, using econometric techniques. The document will take into account all variables of primary school graduation, obtaining a high school diploma, obtaining a high school diploma and obtaining a University degree with economic growth will be examined in detail for the period 1970–2009. At this level Women’s contribution to the economy is threefold. The first is that the increase in the level of human capital, as a result, decrease the fertility rate of women. The second argument is that the infant mortality rate could decrease by decreasing the fertility rate of women. Third, raising the level of education of women can affect the level of education of the next generation positively. In this context, in order to understand the long-term relationships between these variables, i.e. gender inequality in education and economic growth, a co-integration approach will be applied. The empirical results show that there is a long-term relationship between these variables.     

我国回族研究引用期刊文献计量分析

以我国唯一的全方位研究回族历史文化及社会主义时期回族问题的学术性期刊——《回族研究》2001-2010年引用期刊文献的统计数据为蓝本,从引用频次、引用期刊种类、引用论文的学科发布及著者发布等方面,从文献计量学视角,进行了统计与分析。