地方会计法规建设问题的思考（下）

(续本刊第八期)四、地方会计法规内容的初步思考地方会计法规建设的根本目的在于保证会计信息质量,维护市场经济秩序。因此,地方会计法规的内容应主要包括以下方面:(一)制定地方会计法规的宗旨。即通过制定地方会计法规及其实施所要达到的目的。我们认为可概括为三个方面:1、通过立法规范和加强会计工作。这是由会计工作在经济管理中的地位和作用决定的,同时也是有效地解决当前会计工作中存在的某些突出问题的需要。2、通过立法保证会计信息质量。这是基于会计信息的作用及其目前会计信息质量方面存在的问题而提出来的。在市场经济环境下,会…     

会计工作法律责任问题探究

随着我国经济和金融市场的不断发展,会计工作和会计信息的质量受到广泛关注。修订后的《会计法》突出了规范会计工作、保证会计信息质量的立法宗旨,特别强调了单位负责人的会计法律责任。会计报告是会计工作的最终成果,是会计信息的主要表现形式,所以加大会计工作的法律责任对会计报告的质量有重要的意义。     

会计信息违法性失真法律责任问题探讨

会计信息违法性失真，是指有关单位或个人故意违反法律，法规，制度而导致的会计信息失真。规范会计秩序的重点，就在于治理会计信息的违法性失真。新《会计法》把保证会计信息质量作为一项重要的立法宗旨，对会计信息违法性失真的法律责任安排作了重大改革。本文拟在分析会计信息违法性失真法律责任安排合理性及有效性的基础上，就如何改进我国会计信息违法性失真法律责任安排问题谈点粗浅看法。     

国外会计信息失真民事责任法律规制及其借鉴

针对目前会计信息失真重行政责任,轻民事责任的立法现状,本文系统介绍了英美法系国家和大陆法系国家对会计信息失真民事责任的立法,并在此基础上提出应根据我国国情,取长补短,解决如何在程序上和诉讼上保障受害人便利地获得救济的各种措施,寻求建立有效的会计信息失真民事责任制度的方法,以期对我国会计信息失真的治理提供有益的帮助。     

上市公司会计信息质量评价

为提高上市公司会计信息质量,应由政府制定颁布会计信息质量评价指导办法。在该办法中,应提供一套进行会计信息质量评价的指标体系。文章拟对上市公司会计信息质量评价标准进行研究,构建上市公司会计信息质量评价指标体系,建立会计信息质量分级标准。     

基于透明度的政府会计信息质量特征体系研究

基于国内外关于政府会计信息质量特征的研究成果,明确了政府会计信息质量特征规范的对象、政府会计信息质量特征体系的结构、前置性会计信息质量特征等问题。提出以透明度为政府会计信息的前置性质量特征,在成本收益的普遍原则下,构建了包括结果透明和过程透明的政府会计信息质量特征体系结构,将政府会计信息质量特征概括为可靠性、全面性、可理解性、相关性、可比性和易得性。     

会计信息系统法制化路径选择研究

院防范会计信息失真和资本市场会计信息不对称,会计信息系统必须实现法制化.会计功能和会计信息在经济和社会发展中发挥巨大作用.弹性和包容是会计信息系统的内在特征.会计信息系统法制化的路径主要有专门会计立法和制度建设;刑法及专门会计法之外的其他经济法律制度中的会计立法;加强会计法治文化的培养.     

我国会计信息失真民事责任的法律规制及构成要件

本文介绍了当前我国会计信息失真立法司法现状,在此基础上分析了会计信息失真立法中民事责任难以追究的原因,提出面临会计信息失真日益严重的实际,通过建立民事赔偿制度,提高造假者的造假成本,加大对造假者的打击力度的重要性,并从会计信息失真侵权行为的构成包括行为的违法性,损害事实、行为与损害后果之间的因果关系,归责、实施机制等核心的问题进行了系统分析,试图建立有效的会计信息失真民事责任制度。     

上市公司会计信息质量评价

为提高上市公司会计信息质量,应由政府制定颁布会计信息质量评价指导办法.在该办法中,应提供一套进行会计信息质量评价的指标体系.文章拟对上市公司会计信息质量评价标准进行研究,构建上市公司会计信息质量评价指标体系,建立会计信息质量分级标准.     

会计信息质量及特征概述

一、对会计信息质置特征的制度认识 1．会计信息的质量特征。所谓会计信息质量特征就是会计信息所应当达到或满足的基本质量要求。会计信息质量特征是为会计目标服务的,是会计系统为达到会计目标而对会计信息进行的约束,它是确立会计目标与实现会计目标之间的桥梁。在会计目标被定义为决策有用性的前提下,会计信息质量特征就是使会计信息对决策有用。投资者把资金投资于企业的理论目的在于未来获得更多的收益,包括股利和资本利得等,     

Accrual accounting does not necessarily mean accrual accounting: Factors that counteract compliance with accounting standards in Swedish municipal accounting

The regulation of Swedish municipal accounting has undergone fundamental changes over recent decades. Municipal accounting became regulated by law the 1st of January, 1998 after having been merely voluntarily regulated in the past. In accordance with the legislation, a standard-setting body was formed, with responsibility for development and interpretation of generally accepted accounting principles for municipal accounting. Important aims of the legislation and reform were to suppress ‘creative’ accounting and to increase the level of harmonization and comparability. Using the lens of positive accounting theory as well as institutional theory, this paper describes and explains the impact of the legislation and standard setting in the Swedish municipal sector. We have used a triangulation approach, collecting data through a survey, documentary study and interviews. The overall results show that the reform has had a very limited impact on accounting practice. Compliance with accounting standards was in general poor. This result is in line with the assumptions of positive accounting theory. However, the study also shows that there are differences among the preparers which can be explained by institutional theory. Large municipalities produce better accounting information (i.e. more in line with generally accepted accounting principles) than the municipalities in general. Weak audit quality seems to be another important factor that explains the poor compliance with accounting standards.     

Economic and normative pressures as drivers for the adoption of International Accounting Standards in Finland since 1976

Abstract

This paper deals with the internationalisation of Finnish business life and the attempts to introduce and apply international accounting standards (IASs) in Finnish accounting practice before the latest developments at the EU level in 2002. The internationalisation of business life creating economic pressures for changes is illustrated. Analysis of four accounting issues is made in order to exemplify how IASs have affected Finnish accounting legislation and practice. The results of the analysis indicate that the effect of IASs has been notable but secondary because of the implementation of the EU Directives in Finnish accounting legislation in the 1990s. IASs have not caused any drastic changes in accounting practice as their requirements have been written as alternatives in legislation. This approach has provided a possibility to large, listed companies to produce financial accounting information in line with the principles of IASs. In the introduction of IASs there have been political aspects when justifications for the national model and for the international orientation have been presented.     

终极控制股东的政治关联、会计信息质量与注册会计师审计——来自民营上市公司的经验证据

以2008—2010年在沪、深证券交易所上市的民营上市公司为样本,研究发现终极控制股东的政治关联对会计信息质量具有显著的负面影响;无论终极控制股东的政治关联如何,注册会计师出具的审计报告类型与会计信息质量无显著相关关系;注册会计师收取的审计费用同会计信息质量显著负相关,终极控制股东政治关联的层次越高,该关系越显著。     

The legislation of environmental disclosures in three Nordic countries—a comparison

This paper compares the legislation in Denmark, Norway and Sweden concerning what kind of environmental information firms must disclose. These three Nordic countries have great similarities regarding accounting legislation and standards. However, Denmark has chosen a different way to force firms to disclose their environmental performance compared with Norway and Sweden. Danish firms must deliver separate ‘green accounts’, while Norwegian and Swedish firms are bound to report on environmental issues in the administrative report. The Norwegian and Swedish firms' information mainly addresses the financial consequences of environmental impact and the Norwegian legislation is also found to be more extensive than the Swedish legislation. The information from the Danish firms addresses society in general. The comparison indicates some interesting topics for further analysis, e.g. how the extensive demands in Norway for information about products' impacts when discharged may be fulfilled. As a background for this comparison, an outline of the discussions about voluntary versus regulated environmental information is given as well as an overview of some international standards and recommendations concerning firms' environmental disclosures. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment.     

Media Content,Accounting Quality,and Liquidity Volatility

We examine how the linguistic content of news items affects the volatility of a firm's liquidity, and we consider whether accounting quality moderates the media content-liquidity volatility relation. Regarding the unconditional relation between media content and liquidity volatility, one view is media content could reduce liquidity volatility by providing additional information about fundamental values; another view is it could increase liquidity volatility by increasing investor uncertainty, particularly for negative news. Using data from Thomson Reuters News Analytics, we find evidence supporting the view that media content, positive and negative, has incremental information. Regarding the moderating role of accounting quality, pre-existing accounting information of higher quality could enhance investors' reactions to media content by providing a more precise baseline, or it could reduce investors' reactions to the news if investors anchor on higher quality financial statements. Our findings are consistent with more credible accounting information serving an anchor role, and suggest that investors condition their reaction to media content based on the quality of a firm's pre-existing accounting information.     

负债来源、会计信息质量与企业投资

本文以中国上市公司为研究对象,考察了在高风险项目企业中会计信息质量对企业新增投资支出的影响,揭示了会计信息质量在债权人保护中的作用。实证结果表明:高质量的会计信息能够抑制高风险项目企业的新增投资支出,这样的抑制效果在高风险项目企业的主要负债来源为非商业银行时表现的更加显著。     

贯彻落实新医院会计制度,提高医院会计信息质量

随着市场经济体制的发展,我国卫生医疗市场也得到不断地完善,作为医院经济管理的重要部分会计管理工作的重要性也越来越突出,如果会计管理工作不到位,容易导致会计信息失真,使医院的经济管理工作受影响,进而影响整个医院工作的开展。2009年我国新医改方案的颁布与全面实施,对我国医院会计管理工作形成了较大的影响。为顺应新医改方案的相关规定与要求,医院内部会计管理工作也面临着重大改革。本文主要通过分析新医改环境下会计制度对会计信息质量的要求和当前影响医院会计信息的原因,提出相应的措施,目的为贯彻落实新医院会计制度,提高医院会计信息质量的问题进行简要的探讨。     

企业税负与会计信息质量关系研究

以2015—2021年沪深A股上市公司为样本，探讨企业税负对会计信息质量的作用方向、作用机制与差异化作用效果。研究发现：降低企业税负可以显著提高会计信息质量，这一结论经一系列稳健性检验后仍成立。机制分析结果表明，降低企业税负能够通过减少融资约束和代理成本两条中介路径来提高会计信息质量。异质性分析结果表明，在纳税贡献高、审计任期短以及分析师关注度高的公司中，降低企业税负对会计信息质量的提高作用更加明显。     

关于会计信息质量成本控制模型的探讨

经济的发展、企业规模的扩大及经济业务复杂化程度的提高,推动着越来越多的企业更加关注企业的会计信息质量问题。本文在分析会计信息质量成本含义及内容的基础上,分析了我国会计信息质量成本控制存在的主要问题,探讨并建立了会计信息质量成本控制模型,为加强会计信息质量成本控制提供了定量依据。     

市场化程度对会计信息价值相关性的影响——基于中国A股的数据检验

本文以中国A股2004~2009年上市公司数据为样本,实证检验了中国各地区市场化进程对上市公司会计信息价值相关性的影响。结论表明,市场化程度对会计信息价值相关性具有显著的正相关关系,并且最终控制人性质对市场化程度与会计信息价值相关性之间的关系具有显著的影响。中国企业会计准则（2006）的实施为生成高质量的会计信息提供了准则基础,但最终的实施效果必须依靠完善的市场环境的保障。