主要农史论文索引

总论(录自1984一1985部分期刊学报)简论农业考古 陈文华_《农业考古》1984 21页原始农业考古的几个问题 张忠培《农业考古》1984 218页农业考古与现代考古学 严文明《农业考古》1954 23通页用自然科学方法进行农业考古研究的新途径 陈健《农业考古》1054 2 33页日本学者评我国农史研究 马宁《农业考古》1984 2 386页史前农业研究的新道路 何兆雄《史前研究》Loss 1 82页农业史略述东南亚及中国南部农业起源的若干问题一一兼谈农业考古研究方法 童思正《农业考古》1954 2 21页中国原始农业的产生和发展 张之恒《农业考古》1984 2 36页中国农…     

主要农史论文索引

(录自1985一1990年部分期刊)总论谈谈我国古代农业发展的机制 查瑞珍古今农业1989 18一13发扬我国固有农业文化 卢化西农业考古1989 2 183一184再论农家的耕织结合与中国封建社会的长期延续 毕道村湖北师院学报1989 3 77一85志书的作用和农业志的编写 周民雷广西地方志1989 3 43一45 农业史农业起源与人类历史一一食物生产及其对人类的影响 〔加〕ph·史密斯农业考古1989 2 22一37农耕起源论谱系(上) 〔日〕森木和男农业考古1989 1 172一178中国古代农业与中国社会发展 邹德秀农业考古1989 2 175一180我国和世界其他地区农耕起源的比较研究 …     

新石器时代植物考古与农业起源研究

植物考古通过考古发掘获取古代植物遗存,分析植物与人类生活的关系,复原古代人类生活方式。植物考古最重要的研究内容是农业起源问题。在人类社会发展进程中,农业起源与新石器时代相关,是新石器时代的标志。中国新石器时代的绝对年代在距今10000-4000年间,期间中国广大区域内分布着一些并行发展的考古学文化区系。文章分别介绍了西辽河上游、黄河下游、黄河中游、黄河上游、长江下游、长江中游和长江上游等七个区系的新石器时代考古学文化序列,通过对每个区系内植物考古新发现的全面梳理,系统阐述本世纪以来我国植物考古的研究成果,及其在中国农业起源研究中的学术价值和意义。     

中国农业本土起源新论

本文从农业起源必然性和可能性两个方面阐述中国是二个独立的农业起源中本文认为：家业起源的外因是晚更新世冰期的到来，由此导致求生的原始人类贮藏食物以备乏食季节的需要，因为贮藏使人类度过乏食的冬天，贮藏诱发了种植行为，贮藏参与了驯化。但是冰期之中期，贮藏只能产生观念农业。到了冰后期，全新世来临，由于条件的允许，农业才开始产生。中国是一个独立的起源中心，（１）它是观念农业产生区。（２）它的农作物具有独特的本地特征。（３）它的起源时间较晚是因限制农业产生的冰期太长、全新世来临较迟所致。     

主要农史论文索引

总论也谈传统农业和现代农业的关系 朱自振农业考古19872月一吐0我国筒状农业的历史与现状一兼谈继承我国农业的优良传 统 孙开拴农业考古1987 214一19农业生产史、认识史和科学方法史辩证法 邓宏海农业考古i夕87 2 22ee31农业起源的研究与环境考古学 黄其煦农业考古1987 2 74一82农业考古学与中国通史教学一一兼论农业考古学的新发展 安岚匈七考古1987 2 82ee97,102农业考古与农业生态 魏晓萍译周晓陆校农业考古1987 2 138一14弓中国古代农业社会与传统文化(一) 刘国培昆明师专学报1987 130一38中国古代农业社会与传统文化(二) 刘国培昆明…     

多维视野下的农业起源与传播研究——农业起源与传播国际学术研讨会综述

农业起源是人类内在创造力形成的重要标志,人类由此开始进行真正的生产活动。因此,农业起源与传播研究是探讨人类文化与文明的重要课题之一。为进一步推动和深化中外农业起源与传播研究,促进中外学术交流,南京农业大学中华农业文明研究院和英国雷丁大学农业考古学系(Department of Archaeology of University of Reading,UK)于2012年12月15-17日在南京农业大学学术交流中心联合举办了"农业起源与传播国际学术研讨会"。来     

主要农史论文索引

(录自1986一1957年部分期+lJ学报)总论中国农业遗产研究室 叶依能中国科技史料 1987 1 38一39以今释古农史常新一一农史研究在两个文明建设中 的社会功能自议 刘振亚等农业考古1986 219一20遥感技术与农业考古 朱来东农业考古1986 2 90一94小农与专制集权政府的作用力方向及其影响一一兼论中国 封建社会的长期延续 武建国云南社会科学1887 1 73一79农业史论三代的农村公社 姚政南充师院学报19862生态农业的昨天,今天和明天 张沁文等农业考古19862论中国农业的起源与传播 王在德农业考古19862商代的农耕活动 郑慧生农业考古19862先周族的迁…     

《中国农业伦理学史料汇编》出版

正由中国工程院院士、兰州大学教授任继周主编的《中国农业伦理学史料汇编》已于2015年4月由江苏凤凰科学技术出版社付梓发行。任先生有感于我国当前社会转型期对农耕文明造成冲击而产生的种种伦理学问题,特别是追溯在历史长河中城乡二元结构的起源、发展与伦理学缺失的问题时,他认为首先要摸清我国农业伦理学基本史料。为此,任先生组织了兰州大学和南京农业大学中华农业文     

写作是书面语言表达的一种形式

写作,从语言运用的角度说,无非是书面语言表达的一种形式。书面语言是对口头语言而言的。口头语言在书面语言出现之前是语言的唯一形式。所以也可以不加区别地叫作语言。如果追溯语言产生的历史,可以追溯到人类出现的远古时期(几十万年以前),因为语言是伴随人类的演变发展而产生的,能够运用语言进行思维和交际是人类形成的必不可少的条件之一。人类依赖语言在社会生活中调协行动,使社会得以生存和发展。语言是作为人类最重要的交际工具发挥着这种巨大的社会作用的。人们可以用各种方式进行交际,比如说:鼓掌表示欢迎,点头表示同意。但是,最经常、最广泛运用的最有效的交际工具还是语言。有人说,一个人平均每天说话大约一小时,     

谁在世界上最先栽培水稻

稻作的起源问题，成为近30年来国内外自然科学吏学家、农学家研究关注的热点。以往，专家、学者对稻作的起源意见分歧较大，随着近年考古发掘的不断发现，认识逐渐趋于统一。科学研究结果表明，栽培稻的祖先种是普通野生稻，普通野生稻的分布是栽培稻起源的物质基础，而考古发掘的史前稻作遗存，则是稻作起源的实物证据。     

Potentialities for a regional public participation framework in Asia: An environmental assessment perspective

This study attempts to investigate the potential to develop a regional framework of public participation (PP) in environmental assessments (EA) within Asia. In so-doing, this paper examines the status quo of public participation in EA within Asia from a legislative point of view. The existing situation of EA in Asia is first examined, followed by an analysis on the status and challenges of PP within the region’s environmental assessments. Eight Asian countries subject for this research have all implemented EA at different degrees, yet challenges of enforcement remain. Possible solutions to these challenges are to first improve and standardize the legal framework and implementation mechanism in each individual country, as a first step leading to a transboundary framework in Asia. PP within EA is legally defined in some countries, but it is not widely practiced. Multi-stakeholder process is suggested as a potential tool that comprehensively covers the components necessary for PP promotion. There are information gaps between countries, which could be improved by creating a regional agency governing information exchange. Limited collaboration among countries, likewise, could be improved by bilateral or multilateral environmental agreements.     

Addressing climate change cause and effect on land cover and land use in South Asia

This paper evaluates the role of trade liberalization and agricultural intensification in mitigating climate change cause and effects on land use and emissions using a computable general equilibrium model. Our results indicate that cropland expansion triggered by climate-induced crop productivity changes results in deforestation and increases emissions in South Asia and globally. Global full trade liberalization on all goods is the optimum policy for South Asia despite significant global deforestation, but for the world, unilateral partial trade liberalization on all goods is a more appropriate policy while ensuring a considerable emissions reduction for South Asia. These results indicate that mitigation responses to climate change are location specific and no one trade policy is suitable at the regional and global levels. Lastly, agricultural intensification by improving productivity growth is the best strategy in land-based emissions mitigation, thereby avoiding the transformation of forest and pasture lands for agricultural cultivation both at regional and global levels.     

A review of the drivers of tropical peatland degradation in South-East Asia

The world’s largest area of tropical peatland ecosystems is found in South-East Asia. These peatlands have globally significant carbon stocks and play an important role in regional and global climate systems. Despite the valuable social and economic services and ecosystem biodiversity these tropical peatlands provide, misguided land use policies have resulted in widespread peatland degradation in the region during the past 20 years. This paper reviews the drivers of peatland degradation in South-East Asia and confirms that logging, conversion to industrial plantations, drainage, and recurrent fires are the principal direct drivers of peatland degradation in South-East Asia, and that these drivers are compounded by a complex mix of indirect socioeconomic, policy- and climate change-related factors. The review concludes by noting that in order to address the problem of peatland degradation, we first need to know more about how to design and assess “successful” peatland restoration initiatives, and what regulatory and policy interventions are likely to improve peatland conservation and restoration outcomes in the South-East Asian region.     

“东亚模式”的基本特征分析

“东亚模式”不同于严格意义上的经济发展模式,也不同于制度模式,而是为了与通常所说的拉美模式、欧美模式相比较,对一组互相邻近的国家和地区经济发展的共性的抽象。它强调东亚各国（地区）经济发展过程中的共性,但不否认东亚各国（地区）各具特色的经济发展模式,并以动态发展的眼光看待“东亚模式”。“东亚模式”是一种根据客观现实。不断加以调整、变革的模式,它在经济、文化、管理方面都具有明显的特征,加强对“东亚模式”新现象和新问题的研究,借鉴东亚各国的先进经验,可以促进了解和交流。     

中国森林认证研究综述

根据中国的研究现状,介绍森林认证的内涵及动力机制,论述森林认证的理论基础,分析森林认证对森林经营、各相关利益主体、林产品贸易等的影响;指出目前中国森林认证面临着市场动力不足、认证环境不优、原料来源不洁、认证过程失信等挑战;并提出建立自己的森林认证体系,实现多重国际互认,借森林认证促森林的可持续经营。     

关于虚拟经营的实践及思考

文章用两个案例来说明当今中国经济已置身于虚拟经济之中,世界经济已步入虚拟经济时期,概述了虚拟经济概念,阐述了如何掌握其特点,适应其形势.     

Tree farms: Driving forces and regional patterns in the global expansion of forest plantations

People have planted trees in rural places with increasing frequency during the past two decades, but the circumstances in which they plant and the social forces inducing them to plant remain unclear. While forests that produce wood for industrial uses comprise an increasing number of the plantations, most of the growth has occurred in Asia where plantations that produce wood for local consumption remain important. Explanations for these trends take economic, political, and human ecological forms. Growth in urban and global markets for forest products, coupled with rural to urban migration, may spur the conversion of fields into tree farms. Government programs also stimulate tree planting. These programs occur frequently in nations with high population densities. Quantitative, cross-national analyses suggest that these forces combine in regionally distinctive ways to promote the expansion of forest plantations. In Africa and Asia plantations have expanded most rapidly in nations with densely populated rural districts, rural to urban migration, and government policies that promote tree planting. In the Americas and Oceania plantations have expanded rapidly in countries with relatively stable rural populations, low densities, and extensive tracts of land in pasture. If, as anticipated, the growing concern with global warming spurs further expansion in forest plantations in an effort to sequester carbon, questions about their social and ecological effects should become more pressing.     

An institutional and policy framework to foster integrated rice–duck farming in Asian developing countries

Asia has accounted for the vast majority of the world's rice and meat-duck production. In the integrated rice–duck farming (IRDF) system, ducklings are released into rice paddies in order to maximize the use of renewable resources in a closed-cycle flow of nutrients during rice vegetation periods. Rice–duck farming used to be widely adopted in tropical and subtropical eastern Asian countries, but has remained unpopular in the wake of prevailing agricultural productivism characterized by specialization, intensification, mechanization and excessive dependence on agrochemicals. This paper sets out institutional pathways that can redevelop IRDF in Asia. These include organic food certification systems, organic farmers' cooperatives, community-wide organic farming, localized technical extension and educational services, and between-farm rice–duck integration. A comprehensive package of these institutional tools would further expedite the expansion of IRDF particularly in low-income Southeast Asia where the rice or duck farming landscape is overwhelmingly dominated by smallholders.     

Interaction between livestock and feeds policies: evidence from Southeast Asia

Consumption of livestock products in Southeast Asia could continue to increase rapidly, as has been the case in Northeast Asia. The extent to which domestic producers may respond to these demand developments will be influenced by government interventions in both livestock product and feeds markets. The paper analyses the net contribution of livestock product and feed price distortions on the effective rate of protection, and whether intervention in the commodity market is augmented or offset by intervention in the feeds market. While policy-induced distortions were found to exist in the livestock sectors of Thailand and Malaysia, especially in beef and dairy production, the contribution of feeds policies to these distortions was minimal. In contrast implicit taxes on feeds were high in Indonesia and the Philippines. In the latter, support on product prices was sufficient to more than offset the tax on feeds so that effective protection remained positive. But in Indonesia both livestock and feeds policies worked to provide disincentives to livestock production. It is concluded that livestock and feeds policies should be formulated with regard to objectives and priorities within both sectors. This could require that greater emphasis be placed on feeds sector assistance policies that do not affect the price of feeds.     

人类活动对额济纳绿洲演化的影响及协调对策

额济纳绿洲是内蒙古西部黑河下游重要的天然绿洲,近年来它的生态环境恶化问题日益引起人们的关注;从人类活动对额济纳绿洲演化的影响入手,分别阐述了其自然演化阶段、历史开发阶段、绿洲萎缩及其生态危机阶段;分析了各个阶段的不同特征;提出人与环境和谐共处、协调发展的具体措施。