Immigrant settlement patterns,transit accessibility,and transit use

Public transit is immensely important among recent immigrants for enabling daily travel and activity participation. The objectives of this study are to examine whether immigrants settle in areas of high or low transit accessibility and how this affects transit mode share. This is analyzed via a novel comparison of two gateway cities: Sydney, Australia and Toronto, Canada. We find that in both cities, recent immigrants have greater levels of public transit accessibility to jobs, on average, than the overall population, but the geography of immigrant settlement is more suburbanized and less clustered around commuter rail in Toronto than in Sydney. Using logistic regression models with spatial filters, we find significant positive relationships between immigrant settlement patterns and transit mode share for commuting trips, after controlling for transit accessibility and other socio-economic factors, indicating an increased reliance on public transit by recent immigrants. Importantly, via a sensitivity analysis, we find that these effects are greatest in peripheral suburbs and rural areas, indicating that recent immigrants in these areas have more risks of transport-related social exclusion due to reliance on insufficient transit service.     

Are freight pipelines a pipe dream? A critical review of the UK and European perspective

Freight pipelines represent a novel way for the movement of freight transport and offer an alternative to conventional transport modes. The aim of this paper is to examine the potential for this transport mode within the UK and Europe. Firstly, the latest technological developments are identified, building on the last major review by Howgego and Roe (1998). There is then an analysis of the policy landscape towards freight pipelines, as successful implementation will require the support of policy makers. Finally, some of the major benefits and issues with freight pipelines are highlighted. We conclude that there are still opportunities for the use of freight pipelines, but that further research is yet required to fully understand the supply chain, logistics and other related activities that the introduction of this technology may influence. This is because systems which are presently in commercial operation have exhibited excellent characteristics, although they have not been more widely adopted.     

Public bicycle as a feeder mode to rail transit in China: The role of gender,age, income,trip purpose,and bicycle theft experience

A marriage between public bicycle and rail transit presents new opportunities for sustainable transportation in Chinese cities. To examine determinants of public bicycle usage for rail transit access, an intercept survey of feeder mode choice among rail transit users was conducted near rail stations in Nanjing, China. Mode choice models were estimated with five feeder mode alternatives, including car, bus, walk, private bike, and public bike. By differentiating between public and private bicycle modes in the mode choice models, the study reveals the effects of personal demographics, trip characteristics, and station environments on public bicycle usage for rail transit access. Results show that female, older, and low-income rail commuters are less likely to use public bicycle to access rail transit. Rail commuters with bicycle theft experience and making school- or work-related trips are more likely to use public bicycle to access rail transit. Land use variables are largely insignificant in this study except that density shows a positive relationship with walking to rail transit. The results on demographic differences raise equity concerns when it comes to investing in public bicycle systems. Policy implications are discussed for Chinese cities to equitably boost public bicycle integration with rail transit.     

An ex ante evaluation of mobile depots in cities: A sustainability perspective

Today, a large share of cost, congestion, and emission in cities is attributed to light goods vehicles like carrier vans distributing to the last mile. The aim of many policy agendas is to reach cleaner cities with less disturbance from the distribution vehicles. Several suggestions have been put forward and tested in research and practice, such as access restrictions, multimodal transport, and use of cleaner vehicles. In this paper, we develop a case for a more sustainable freight distribution within cities using an ex ante case study. The idea of the mobile depot is built on the iteration between historical transitions within cities and contemporary developments in urban freight distribution, and then analyzed ex ante both quantitatively in calculations and qualitatively in two stakeholder workshops. The idea is integrated and multimodal, based on a mobile depot (e.g., a bus, truck, barge, or tram) that circles the city and connects to low emission last mile delivery options such as LEVs (Light Electrical Vehicles) or cargo bikes. We found that such a system can be environmentally and socially better for the city context, while maintaining economic viability above a certain utilization rate of the mobile depot for the transport operators.     

关于高速铁路开展快捷货物运输的探讨

随着我国经济社会持续快速发展以及产业结构调整,轻型化、小批量、多批次的高附加值货物运输需求增长迅速,快速铁路网建设为铁路开展快捷货物运输创造了良好的基础条件。阐述高速铁路开展快捷货物运输的必要性,从铁路线路、机车车辆、装卸设施以及经济效益等方面,分析高速铁路开展快捷货物运输的可行性,提出应尽快开展相关问题研究,统筹规划,稳步推进,并加强与国内外知名物流公司合作的建议。     

铁路货运组织改革相关法律问题探讨

铁路货运组织改革涉及诸多相关法律问题。从铁路货运组织改革所涉及的铁路运输企业与货主企业外部法律关系变化的角度,探讨了铁路承运人经营资格、铁路运输行为的法律规制、铁路货运合同的内涵变化以及铁路货物损害赔偿等法律问题,有助于进一步完善铁路货运法律制度。     

我国发展铁路快捷货运战略思考

在快捷货运需求快速增长的背景下,发展铁路快捷货运不仅是满足经济社会发展和适应经济发展方式转变的需要,也是构建现代物流体系和提高铁路经济效益的需要.尽管近年来铁路快捷货运取得较快发展,但总体滞后于公路、民航.在对铁路快捷货运发展进行态势分析,详解其外部环境、内部条件、铁路优劣势以及面临机遇和挑战的基础上,提出我国发展铁路快捷货运的战略选择和战略重点.分析阐明铁路只要积极实施“扭转型战略”,抓住机遇,突出重点,加快发展,完全有条件扭转在快捷货运市场竞争中的被动局面.     

Utilizing urban form characteristics in urban logistics analysis: a case study in Lisbon,Portugal

Within the realm of urban logistics, Macário (2013) developed a hypothesis, denominated the Logistics Profile (LP) concept that suggests homogeneous groups of urban zones with respect to three dimensions, which could be used to analyze freight movement policy: (1) the social and built environment; (2) characteristics of the goods/products being moved; (3) characteristics of the deliveries at the receiver establishment. The concept was expected to ease the transferability of best practices in city logistics, by analyzing similarities and differences between zones. This research uses a quantitative methodology to apply the LP concept, and assess its potential, using the city of Lisbon as a case study. The analysis is focused on: (a) the extrapolation of freight trip generation per establishment and delivery characteristics from a sample of commercial establishments to the population within the case study, (b) proposing a methodology to test the LPs, (c) testing the existence of proposed LPs. Freight trips have been extrapolated using a Multiple Classification Analysis (MCA) model. Freight delivery characteristics were attributed to establishments from a sample-based probability distribution. LPs were tested using a two-step cluster analysis. Some LPs have been matched with clusters of case-study zones, subject to case study particularities. Profile overlap was not an issue and occurrences were expected. The testing showed that Logistic Profiles have the potential for being used as a departure point for urban freight planning and policy analysis.     

青藏铁路格拉段货物列车开行方案

根据青藏铁路格拉段特殊的自然、经济条件和铁道第一勘察设计院提供的车流量预测资料,结合实际运营经验,编制出区段重空车流斜表,再根据列车牵引重量和各区间的车流量,确定管内列车的行车量,从而编制格拉段的货物列车开行方案。     

Localisation of freight consolidation centres serving small road hauliers in a wider urban area: barriers for more efficient freight deliveries in Gothenburg

This paper discusses the negative impacts of freight transport growth, especially in and around urban areas. Over time, a growing number of road freight vehicles have delivered less freight over longer distances, while average load factors have been reduced. This development is unsatisfactory, as transport capacity that could have been used more efficiently is lost. To mitigate negative impact, it has been suggested that freight consolidation and better planned localisation of freight consolidation centres (FCCs) would improve city logistics. Based on primary data, this paper investigates the potential to establish urban FCCs intended for small road hauliers (SRHs) delivering goods to the retail sector in a wider geographical area, the Gothenburg region in Sweden. While the findings show that a large majority of SRHs could reach potential FCC locations in a short time, congestion affects deliveries and several factors, many of which were observed already in the 1970s, restrict FCC establishments. Under present conditions, there is little scope for SRHs to successfully deliver goods to retailers in the Gothenburg region from FCCs; therefore, a more efficient urban transport system from a business or societal perspective is unlikely. Policy makers need to take into consideration the different segments, requirements, and characteristics of different cities before venturing into costly FCC projects.     

Integration of inland waterway transport in the intermodal supply chain: a taxonomy of research challenges

This paper identifies research opportunities which will enable the further integration of inland waterway transport in the intermodal supply chain. Intermodal transport may be interpreted as a chain of actors who supply a transport service. Inland navigation can play a crucial role in increasing supply chain service performance. A first group of research challenges lies in the evolving relationship between transport geography and logistics activities. The next set of research challenges has the objective to encourage efficient operations in IWT: development of a system wide model for IWT, integration of operational planning systems and analysis of bundling networks. A third group of research efforts is directed towards shippers and consignees who use the intermodal transport chain to send or receive their goods: further development of models that integrate intermodal transport decisions with supply chain decisions and creation of green supply chains. A fourth cluster of research challenges concerns the problem domain of external cost calculations. Finally detailed time series data on freight transport should be collected to support these future research tracks.     

Users' satisfaction evolution of a metropolitan transit system in a context of economic downturn

As the worldwide financial crisis is directly connected to the transport sector, public transport systems become a central player to support economic recovery. Transit services are facing a number of challenges as a consequence of this severe crisis. However, each attribute characterizing transit services has evolved in a different manner, thereby raising some chances and opportunities at some specific areas. This study investigates the evolution of service quality on a metropolitan transit system under economic crisis conditions. We used data from three customer satisfaction surveys (2008, 2011, and 2014) conducted at the bus transit service of the metropolitan area of Granada (Spain). Principal component analysis (PCA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) approaches were applied. PCA results show that the attributes describing the service were grouped into two levels of dimensions according to their impact on users' overall satisfaction (Transport Service Factors and Comfort and Convenience Factors). Subsequently, following a competing model strategy, the existing relationships between users' satisfaction and perception of service quality dimensions were ascertained. Finally, three SEMs were calibrated, one for each year under study, and were subjected to a multigroup analysis to test for equivalence among the three models. The outcomes show that fare of the ticket has lost importance as the financial crisis has become more noticeable and that Transport Service Factors had lower influence and users' satisfaction in 2011, when downturn was more intense.     

一体化发展策略下的轨道交通枢纽建设

轨道交通的枢纽建设在实现城市交通发展一体化中起着至关重要的作用。在总结上海轨道交通多个枢纽建设和运营经验的基础上，提出在一体化发展策略下建设轨道交通枢纽的创新理念，包括“由多线集中换乘到分散换乘”的网络规划理念、由“零距离换乘”到“以时间换空间”的运营安全理念、注重客流组织“单循环”流线的换乘效率理念、实现立体化交通组织的“人车分流”理念、注重细节的“以人为本”理念以及车站周边空间的一体化开发理念，最后从规划、设计、运营、服务、开发五个层面提出轨道交通枢纽建设的具体要求，为未来轨道交通枢纽的规划和建设提供参考。     

The 4 A's of sustainable city distribution: Innovative solutions and challenges ahead

City distribution is considered to be unsustainable. Efforts to improve this condition are hindered by three challenges Local authorities implement restrictive measures, which do not fully take account of the interests of all stakeholders. sufficiently into account. As the demand for goods in urban areas increases further in the future, solutions are necessary. At the same time, many vehicles are inefficiently loaded, leading to the unnecessary presence of freight vehicles. In this paper, we propose a new classification of innovative concepts for sustainable city distribution called the 4 A's, which take into account these challenges. The 4 A's stand for Awareness, Avoidance, Act and shift, and Anticipation of new technologies. These concepts can be implemented by the one responsible for city distribution—the private sector. For each ‘A,’ an overview of possible concepts, and the most important characteristics and the gaps in the research are provided. Stakeholder involvement is stressed as the key and methods to involve multiple stakeholders are provided. By starting from this perspective and focusing additionally on other stakeholders, the likelihood that a concept becomes successful increases.     

Measuring when Uber behaves as a substitute or supplement to transit: An examination of travel-time differences in Toronto

Policymakers in cities worldwide are trying to determine how ride-hailing services affect the ridership of traditional forms of public transportation. The level of convenience and comfort that these services provide is bound to take riders away from transit, but by operating in areas, or at times, when transit is less frequent, they may also be filling a gap left vacant by transit operations. These contradictory effects reveal why we should not merely categorize all ride-hailing services as a substitute or supplement to transit, and demonstrate the need to examine ride-hailing trips individually.Using data from the 2016 Transportation Tomorrow Survey in Toronto, we investigate the differences in travel-times between observed ride-hailing trips and their fastest transit alternatives. Ordinary least squares and ordered logistic regressions are used to uncover the characteristics that influence travel-time differences. We find that ride-hailing trips contained within the City of Toronto, pursued during peak hours, or for shopping purposes, are more likely to have transit alternatives of similar duration. Also, we find differences in travel-time often to be caused by transfers and lengthy walk- and wait-times for transit. Our results further indicate that 31% of ride-hailing trips in our sample have transit alternatives of similar duration (≤15 minute difference). These are particularly damaging for transit agencies as they compete directly with services that fall within reasonable expectations of transit service levels. We also find that 27% of ride-hailing trips would take at least 30 minutes longer by transit, evidence for significant gap-filling opportunity of ride-hailing services. In light of these findings, we discuss recommendations for ride-hailing taxation structures.     

南昌铁路局货运资源合理配置的研究

合理配置铁路货运资源,改善货运办理条件,是铁路快速提升运输能力和市场竞争力的重要举措。通过对南昌铁路局货运资源合理配置的研究,分析了生产力调整的需求,提出了货运资源配置面临的问题,以及南昌铁路局货运资源调整的原则和建议。     

In-transit perishable product inspection

We determine the value of monitoring perishable freight in-transit for a single vehicle traveling from an origin to a destination. We develop a computationally practical approach for determining the optimal expected cost function and an optimal policy, based on an infinite horizon partially observed Markov decision process model. Structural properties of the optimal expected cost function and optimal policy are determined. These results can lend insight when deciding whether to acquire the capacity to monitor freight status in transit and what actions to take, based on the data from the in-transit monitoring, that optimally increase expected supply chain productivity.     

A time-period choice model for road freight transport in Flanders based on stated preference data

This paper presents one of the first models explaining the choice of time-period in road freight transport. Policies that would shift some fraction of the trucks from peak to earlier and later periods will contribute to the reduction of congestion. Therefore there is an increasing interest in modelling the time-period sensitivity of road freight transport to changes in travel time and cost by period. The model developed here is based on a stated preference survey amongst receivers of goods in Flanders and was implemented in the strategic freight transport model of the Flemish authorities.     

做好铁路货运中心的规划与设计更好地适应物流产业和社会发展要求

铁路发展不仅仅在客运方面,重载和货运也在发展。铁路货场是最常见、最基础的铁路设施,也是站场设计最基本的技能。货场布置形式多年来没有太大的变化,自从集装箱结点站开始建设后,在铁道部领导的指引下,开始树立整列进出货场的新理念,此后发展战略装车点,进一步推动了铁路货场设计方式的变革。随着那曲物流中心的建设,为铁路货场设计理念的转变创造了实践和应用的条件。此后,在厦门、成都、贵阳、重庆、昆明、银川、南宁等地结合枢纽改扩建、优化整合既有货场设施,以及调整客货布局,新建了新一代铁路货运中心。结合这些货运中心的建设,谈谈铁路货运中心发展的前景与设计中的一些方法。     

运用现代物流理念推进铁路货运发展

我国加入WTO后,国外运输企业进入中国运输市场,将给我国铁路货物运输带来发展机遇,也带来竞争压力。因此,我国铁路运输企业,必须运用现代物流理念,加快规模化发展,建设高标准、高质量、大能力的“八纵八横”铁路主干道,提高列车运行速度,加快货物快运体系建设,保证货物准时、快捷送达,并按照现代物流要求,加快集装箱基础设施建设和发展货运代理服务,还要完善信息技术,实现货物运输实时追踪,并不断提高人员素质,才能适应现代物流的需求,推进我国铁路运输企业的发展。