从贫困角度看我国农村劳动力流动

我国农村劳动力流动与农村贫困有着直接或间接的联系。不断加剧的绝对贫困成为我国农村劳动力向外流动的根本动因；而城乡收入差距以及外出打工导致的相对贫困对农村劳动力的流动给予了强烈的刺激和示范作用；涉及制度的偏差成为当前加剧我国农村劳动力流动的外生性因素。     

农村劳动力迁移流动对中国经济增长的影响

改革开放以来,我国农村劳动力的迁移流动极大地解放了农业生产力,推动了我国经济的持续高速增长和社会发展.目前,迁移流动的农村劳动力已成为我国工业化发展的重要支撑,外出务工的流动示范效应及回流也已成为拉动当地经济增长的重要力量和带动新农村建设的重要动力.     

外出从业、农村不平等和贫困

本文在"中国城乡劳动力流动课题组"(RUMiC)2008年农村住户调查数据基础上,使用两种互补的参数和半参数方法估计农村住户劳动力外出从业如果未发生时的农村居民反事实收入分布,进而比较基于反事实和事实收入分布的不平等和贫困指标值,以考察农村劳动力外出从业对农村收入不平等和贫困的影响。结果发现,现阶段农村住户劳动力如果不外出从业,将更加集中地处在农村收入分布的中低端;而农村住户劳动力的外出从业降低了农村收入不平等和贫困程度。     

中国农村劳动力转移问题探析

农村劳动力转移对于"新农村建设"具有重要现实意义,但不受限制、无序的人口向城市流动也会带来许多城市问题和社会问题.当前我国农村劳动力转移面临许多问题,而转变劳动力转移观念,创造各种有利条件,实现农村劳动力就地转移也许更能促使城乡协调发展.     

劳动力流动对农村经济的影响效应——基于对重庆市137个自然村有无外出务工家庭的调查分析

本文运用国家社科基金课题组2010年初在重庆地区137个自然村有外出务工家庭和无外出务工家庭的问卷调查为研究样本,分析了重庆市农村劳动力流动的个体特征,劳动力流动对农民家庭收支、福利及农户农业生产的影响.结果发现:农村劳动力流动对增加农村居民收入、缓解农民家庭贫困、改善农民家庭福利状况及促进土地流转具有积极效应;对农村劳动力和土地等基本资源的合理配置具有一定的促进作用,但对农业产出率的提高和技术进步的作用不显著.     

安土重迁,黎民之性:儒家文化对农民外出务工的影响

农民外出务工行为是中国"三农"问题关注的焦点和热点,关系农村和城市的经济社会可持续发展.在理论分析基础上,依据2016年中国劳动力动态调查数据,采用Probit模型对儒家文化和农民外出务工的关系进行量化分析.研究表明:儒家文化对农民外出务工具有显著的负向影响,受儒家文化影响越大的农民,外出务工的意愿越低,但这种抑制作用在自身和父母不同的年龄阶段有显著的差异.因此,要从文化和思维方式转变的角度根本性解决农民外出务工的问题,促进农民工的良性流动,用现代管理手段和合理、人性化的管理方式构建农村社会经济管理体系.     

农村劳动力流动动机及其决策行为———兼析外出与不外出打工劳动力收入逆差的形成

农村劳动力流动动机及其决策行为———兼析外出与不外出打工劳动力收入逆差的形成胡斌（中国社科院农村发展所）８０年代末以来，我国大规模的农村劳动力流动成了社会各界广泛关注的一个热点。但是，几年来，有关的研究大多限于对“民工潮”现象的案例描述及其总体判断，...     

家庭决策、社会互动与劳动力流动

在工业化和城镇化过程中,中国农村劳动力流动面临户籍等制度约束,表现出诸如非"举家"迁移、"抱团"等独特现象。"家庭决策"和"社会互动"是解释这些独特现象的两个重要视角。本文基于中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)2010年数据,实证探讨家庭决策机制和社会互动效应对中国农村家庭劳动力流动的影响,并进一步考察这两类因素对家庭劳动力省内流动和跨省流动的作用。结果发现,绝对收入和相对收入较低、受教育水平较高的家庭,其劳动力外出打工率较高;村庄社会网络对家庭劳动力流动具有显著的促进效应,家庭社会网络对劳动力省内流动具有负向影响,而对劳动力跨省流动具有正向影响;中国农村劳动力流动存在显著的"同群效应"。     

就地转移:农村剩余劳动力转移的新模式

农村剩余劳动力转移是我国实现工业化必须面对的重大课题,也是解决我国"三农"问题的根本途径.但不受限制、无序的人口向城市流动也会带来城市许多问题和社会问题.而转变劳动力转移观念,通过农业产业化和农村中小企业的集群发展,实现农村劳动力就地转移,才是解决问题的根本途径.     

劳动力外出模式对农户支出结构的影响

迁移会影响家庭投资和消费,农村劳动力外出模式的差异可能会引致农户支出结构的差异。基于此,文章将农村劳动力外出模式分为常年外出和循环流动,利用中国城乡劳动力流动调查数据来考察外出模式差异带来的支出结构差异。实证研究发现:劳动力外出对农户家庭生产性支出有显著负效应;与无外出农户相比,常年外出农户家庭生产性支出的边际份额会显著降低13.15%,循环流动农户家庭生产性支出的边际份额会显著降低2.57%;参与外出务工可以显著提升农户家庭消费性支出的边际份额,常年外出对家庭消费性支出边际份额的影响更大。     

Health, Wealth, Fertility, Education, and Inequality

The authors use a new cross-country dataset to estimate the strength of the links between different dimensions of social and economic development, including indicators of health, fertility, and education, as well as material wellbeing. This differs from previous studies in employing data for different income groups in each country in order to provide direct evidence on factors driving inequality, and in using a unique measure of material wellbeing that does not rely on PPP comparisons.     

Inflation,money, interest rate,exchange rate,and casuality: the case of Egypt,Morocco, and Tunisia

This study provides further evidence of the inflationary efects of the rates of growth of money supply, gross domestic product, efective exchange rate, and imported inflation for Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia using quarterly data from 1964 to 1990. In addition, it examines the Granger causality between inflation and money supply as well as between inflation and the real exchange rate in the countries under consideration. Most of the results are consistent with extant theory and empirical evidence.     

IPR,Trade, FDI,and Technology Transfer

In this survey, we discuss how intellectual property rights （IPR） protection in the South affects trade flows, foreign direct investment （FDI） flows, and technology transfers from the North to the South. We also discuss optimal IPR policies and their effect on innovation. Our discussion covers both theoretical studies and empirical evidence. This survey is both comprehensive and critical. It aims to give readers the current state of IPR and globalization literature. Some issues have been studied more thoroughly, whereas for others the surface has only been scratched upon. This survey gives readers a clearer picture of the literature and may help them find future research topics.     

Trade,Remittances, Institutions,and Economic Growth

This paper empirically investigates the role of trade, remittances, and institutions in economic development in a large sample of developing countries using recently developed instruments for all these variables. Both cross-country (over 30 years) and dynamic panel data (over 5-year periods) regressions of growth rates on instrumented trade, remittances, and institutions provide evidence of a significant impact of trade, institutions, and remittances on growth. While institutions foster growth, remittances hamper it. The effect of trade on growth is positive in cross-sectional regressions but ambiguous in dynamic panel data regressions. These results are indicative of a more important role for trade in explaining growth in the very long run compared with over shorter horizons.     

Ageing,government budgets,retirement, and growth

We analyze the short and long-run effects of demographic ageing – increased longevity and reduced fertility – on per-capita growth. The OLG model captures direct effects, working through adjustments in the savings rate, labor supply, and capital deepening, and indirect effects, working through changes of taxes, government spending components and the retirement age in politico-economic equilibrium. Growth is driven by capital accumulation and productivity increases fueled by public investment. The closed-form solutions of the model predict taxation and the retirement age in OECD economies to increase in response to demographic ageing and per-capita growth to accelerate. If the retirement age was held constant, the growth rate in politico-economic equilibrium would essentially remain unchanged, due to a surge of social-security transfers and crowding out of public investment.