国有资本投资运营公司的创新驱动路径研究——基于扎根理论的探索性分析

从国有资本授权经营制度实施来看，国有资本投资运营公司如何展开创新驱动发展战略的路径选择仍未得到系统性解释。本文以中央和地方层面国有资本投资运营公司为研究对象，探析其为什么既要有效授权又要技术创新，并试图通过制度创新与技术创新的协同来探究其创新驱动路径的选择问题。研究结果表明：（1）基于“功能定位→运行机制”的资本经营模式和“功能定位→履职授权”的资本授权模式，两类公司探索并形成制度创新驱动路径。（2）两类公司通过市场机会识别能力、社会网络关系能力和组织学习吸收能力等方面的动态能力提升，形成以持续性竞争优势为核心的技术创新驱动路径。（3）利用对接机制形成制度创新与技术创新的协同，以此完善可能的创新驱动路径选择问题。本文从“制度—技术”双重因素视角探索了国有资本投资运营公司的创新驱动路径，为深化国资国企改革及实施创新驱动发展战略提供重要参考。     

关于运输业产权特性的理论探讨

运输业具有较特殊的产权特性,这不仅表现在政府的直接或间接投资上,而且还表现在政府对公路、铁路、民航、水运等运输方式的政府管制上。物质国有资本和权利国有资本是以运输为代表的网络型基础产业的重要产权特征。国有产权在运输产业中是十分必要的,这是世界各国运输产业国有资本大量普遍存在的内在经济动因。     

污染密集型产业集群如何实现升级——基于产业活动类型与生态系统耦合模式匹配视角

如何践行习近平总书记提出的“绿水青山就是金山银山”生态发展理念，实现污染密集型产业集群绿色和可持续发展，已成为中国制造业必须破解的发展难题。引入生态系统理论，遵循物质生产方式决定社会生产方式逻辑，探究产业活动类型与生态系统耦合模式（自由耦合、固定耦合、约束耦合和自适应耦合）匹配对污染密集型产业集群升级的作用机理。选取绍兴纺织印染产业集群为研究对象，采用特征偏离分析和案例分析两种方法进行实证检验。结果表明，产业活动类型与生态系统耦合模式的合适匹配对污染密集型产业集群升级有积极影响；对于高不确定性、低共享性产业活动，生态系统宜采用自由耦合模式，对于低不确定性、高共享性产业活动，宜采用固定耦合模式，对于中不确定性、中共享性产业活动，宜采用约束耦合模式。     

意大利产业区形成过程、特点和作用分析

意大利产业区是一个地方系统，是由于生产过程各个不同阶段的独立小企业组成的、基础设备和人员“积极共存”的系统。“积极共存”指社区在组织生产活动中起到独立作用，其产生于它的社会文化。意大利产业区具有以下特点：（1）产业区内以空间上集聚的独立中小企业为主；（2）多数产业区以生产传统消费品为主；（3）时代传承的家族企业特色显著；（4）产业区内产业政策完善，服务机构健全。由产业区在意大利经济中的显著地位和重要作用，我们认为，产业区模式在未来将扩展到比现在更广的范围。     

关于铁路公共产权与国有资本及其形成机理的探讨

在民营化和放松管制的过程中,世界各国铁路产业都保留了一定比例的公共产权和国有资本,导致这一经济现象的一个重要原因就是铁路产业中存在着大量的设施共用现象,铁路网络、枢纽、编组站甚至调度指挥都由各家铁路运输企业共用。采取公共产权与国有资本形式来组织相关运输资源,在许多情况下要比个体产权与私人资本更有效率,这也是世界各国铁路产业中公共产权与国有资本大量普遍存在的重要经济原因。     

黄河流域产业匹配动态演变及其对经济高质量发展的影响——以高端服务业与先进制造业为例

基于2004—2020年黄河流域省际面板数据，采用物理容量耦合模型对各省区高端服务业与先进制造业匹配发展水平进行测度，并运用核密度估计法和空间杜宾模型，深入分析产业匹配发展的时空演变特征及其与经济高质量发展之间的关系。研究发现：（1）黄河流域九省区高端服务业与先进制造业匹配发展水平具有较大差异，其中山东省处于初级协调阶段，匹配发展水平相对较高。（2）黄河流域产业匹配密度分布曲线的中心右移，表现出右拖尾，其密度函数呈现偏态分布，表明黄河流域产业匹配发展呈上升态势，但省区间具有非平衡发展特征。（3）产业匹配不仅能对本省区经济高质量发展产生促进作用，还对周边省区存在正向溢出效应，不同生产性服务业与先进制造业匹配对本地及周边省区的经济高质量发展影响各异。     

横向并购是我国银行业的现实选择

横向并购是我国银行业的现实选择，我国银行业横向并购的具体模式应是：（1）内部结构整合；（2）银行之间并购；（3）银行与其他金融组织并购。（4）建立“银行家”银行。     

对构建国有资本经营预算监管体系的思考

新的国有资产管理体制的有效运行离不开对国有资本的有效监管。国有资本的有效监管需要有相应的国有资本经营预算制度,国有资本经营预算制度的有效执行有赖于对国有资本经营预算的有效监管,国有资本经营预算监管体系应采用横向和纵向两种体系相结合的监管模式。     

关于单线半自动闭塞区段编组、区段站停电施工组织的探讨

编组（区段）站停电施工组织是编组（区段）站运输组织工作的一个重要组成部分，停电施工组织的好与坏，直接影响到编组（区段）站的运输秩序。因此，做好编组（区段）站停电施工组织工作，意义深远，也刻不容缓。     

强化国有资本会计监管的思考

以博弈论建立对国有资本会计监管的博弈模型，可以合理阐释国有资本会计监管中各方面的相互作用机理，运用该建模进行分析表明，强化国有资本会计监管应从四个方面着手：加大处罚力度，提高监管频次，完善监管制度；实行有效奖惩。     

协同产业空间上制度激励下的资本漂移——产业资本流动的数理逻辑

在一有效的市场内,面对制度的变化,资本都会做出响应,进而调整其所处的产业位点,达到其单位资本收益的最大化.但是对某一产业的制度激励,其他的产业资本会如何调整,调整多少,最终处在哪个产业位点上,怎么用数学语言描述这一调整？这是分析的空白.为有效地探讨资本流动并回答上述问题,可从电动力学中获得启发,即先构造产业资本活动的背景空间,定义制度激励、激励分布函数及成本和收益分布函数,采用成本-收益和演绎的分析方法,给出制度激励和资本漂移项的数理通路,并探讨外生参量与此漂移项的关系,这在某种程度上丰富了社会科学中测度科学的发展,为经济学研究的精确化道路提供了新的视角.     

The effect of corruption on capital accumulation

This paper examines the effect of corruption in infrastructure development as well as in capital and labor markets, on capital accumulation and output in an overlapping generations model. Corruption affects income redistribution, government expenditures on infrastructure, firms’ incentive to invest, and workers’ incentive to supply labor. An increase in corruption in infrastructure development decreases capital accumulation and output if the decrease in the savings of ordinary workers is sufficiently large. An increase in corruption in the capital market decreases capital accumulation and output. An increase in corruption in labor market decreases capital accumulation and output when labor supply is completely inelastic. Simulation results based on plausible parameter values indicate that an increase in corruption in the labor market will also reduce labor supply, capital accumulation and output.      

Benefits Of Communications Infrastructure Capital In U.S. Economy

In this paper we empirically estimate the contribution of the communications infrastructure to the growth of output and productivity at the dis-aggregate industry and at the aggregate economy levels. The estimated value of the marginal benefits or the shadow price of the communications infrastructure capital is positive in each of 34 industries representing the major industrial sectors of the U.S. economy. This effect captures network externality benefits and can be interpreted as a willingness to pay by each industry for communications infrastructure capital services over and above their direct payments for communications services. These results suggest that an increase in communications infrastructure capital services reduces cost in all the industries and as a consequence that of the entire economy. The relatively high value of estimated total marginal benefits for the aggregate economy indicates a high social rate of return to the investments in communications infrastructure.     

The Catching-up of Japanese with German Industries: Production Organization, Infrastructure, and R&D

This paper presents an empirical productivity comparison between Japan and Germany, focusing on organization, R&D and infrastructure. Time-series datasets from the auto vehicle and electronic engineering industries are used to demonstrate the reversal in productivity advantage from Germany to Japan at around 1980. It is argued that Japanese productivity gains arose from a better infrastructure and from cost-reducing innovations such as lean production methods. An econometric model determines the causes for the observed differences in the quantities of inputs used. It shows that frequent external procurement in Japanese manufacturing has shifted the factor inputs from labor and capital to materials, a result in line with the philosophy of lean production.     

“国家队”持股能促进企业绿色创新吗——重污染行业的异质性分析

绿色技术创新是我国实现碳达峰、碳中和目标，推动经济高质量发展的关键路径。以2015—2020年我国A股上市公司为样本，实证考察“国家队”这类特殊国有机构投资者持股对企业绿色创新的影响及作用机理，并对重污染行业进行异质性分析。结果表明：“国家队”持股能够提升企业绿色创新水平，并且该影响在重污染行业更加显著。机制检验结果表明，缓解内外部信息不对称和获取政府创新补贴是“国家队”持股促进企业绿色创新的重要传导路径。进一步研究发现，“国家队”持股时间越长，对绿色创新的激励效应越显著。研究结论对完善公司治理结构、促进企业绿色创新和实现高质量发展具有启示意义。     

Effects of Public Infrastructure on Cost Structure and Productivity in the Private Sector

This paper examines the effects of public infrastructure on the cost structure and productivity in the private sector in Australia. Translog cost functions incorporating public capital infrastructure are estimated for the aggregate private sector as well as for seven broad industry groups using annual time series data for 1968/69–1995/96. The effects of public infrastructure on productivity are measured in terms of both cost-saving and output-augmenting measures. The empirical results suggest that public infrastructure has a positive and significant impact on productivity in private sector industries. Public capital serves as a substitute for both private capital and labour. The rates of return to public capital are significant and vary over the sample period.     

经理固守职位:基于人力资本专用性和专有性的分析

固守职位作为代理问题的一种表现,是指经理人应对公司内、外部控制机制以降低职位威胁的行为.从经理人力资本专用性和专有性角度对固守职位动机及其策略进行了分析.分析表明,经理专用性人力资本因其依赖于特定的企业组织,客观上构成了经理退出企业的障碍,导致经理人为了防止准租金消散和降低专用性人力资本遭到贬损,从而有动机地进行固守职位.固守职位策略的采取,就是经理实现其人力资本专有化的具体过程.     

Why Finance Ministers Favor Carbon Taxes,Even If They Do Not Take Climate Change into Account

Fiscal considerations may shift governmental priorities away from environmental concerns: finance ministers face strong demand for public expenditures such as infrastructure investments but they are constrained by international tax competition. We develop a multi-region model of tax competition and resource extraction to assess the fiscal incentive of imposing a tax on carbon rather than on capital. We explicitly model international capital and resource markets, as well as intertemporal capital accumulation and resource extraction. While fossil resources give rise to scarcity rents, capital does not. With carbon taxes, the rents can be captured and invested in infrastructure, which leads to higher welfare than under capital taxation. This result holds even without modeling environmental damages. It is robust under a variation of the behavioral assumptions of resource importers to coordinate their actions, and a resource exporter’s ability to counteract carbon policies. Further, no green paradox occurs—instead, the carbon tax constitutes a viable green policy, since it postpones extraction and reduces cumulative emissions.     

Endowments,Specialization, and Policy

The paper explores the relationship between industry shares in production and their determinants including factor endowments, technology, and government policies, in a GDP–function framework. We use a new international panel dataset on production and trade compiled by the World Bank. As an intermediate step we calculate Hicks‐neutral productivity indices that vary across industries, time, and countries. We find that own‐TFP is robustly associated with industry shares across time and countries and that, after correcting for these productivity differences, output shares are related to factor endowments (Rybczynski effects) in a plausible way. Once Rybczynski effects are controlled for, we find little evidence of demand‐side policies (import tariffs) affecting the allocation of resources; we find, however, more role for supply‐side policies as the relative size of capital‐intensive industries is positively associated with infrastructure–capital endowments.     

Labour hoarding,employment and unemployment in British manufacturing industry

The impact of the provision of public infrastructure on private economic activity is examined. Using a flexible functional form of a cost function with public infrastructure as an additional external input the paper estimates the shadow-price of public infrastructure services for the manufacturing, trade and transport and the construction industries. The results indicate significant cost savings that result from the provision of public infrastructure services. In addition, the paper investigates both empirically as well as theoretically, the question whether the neglect of the provision of public capital within the growth accounting framework provides an explanation for the generally observed productivity slowdown.