Strategic performance management: A balanced approach to performance management issues in local government

The drive for reform in the public sector worldwide has focussed attention on the measurement of performance in public sector organizations. This is particularly true in local government. Local government has traditionally been concerned with measuring the delivery of primary objectives, or results, at the expense of secondary objectives, or the determinants of organizational performance. Current strategic management literature suggests that there should be a strong linkage between strategic plans and performance measures.Kaplan and Norton’s (1992) balanced scorecard and Fitzgeraldet al. ’s (1991) results and determinants framework can provide this linkage. This paper reports on research into performance management systems in local government using the four dimensions of the balanced scorecard: financial, community, internal business processes and innovation and learning. It shows how the focus in this system of local government has been on the results of council work, ie. financial performance and to a lesser extent on how the community views performance. Local government performance measurement pays much less attention to the determinants, or means of achieving long-term, sustained organizational improvement in internal business processes, and innovation and learning. Whilst these issues are recognized as important, there are few measurement processes in place to manage performance in these areas. Strategic performance management demands an approach that recognizes the importance of a focus on both results and the means of achieving these results. This paper highlights a suggested framework for strategic and balanced local government performance measurement.     

Green growth strategies—Korean initiatives

Korea has embarked on a far-reaching green growth strategy that promises to lay the foundations for a transition from a predominantly ‘brown’ to a green industrial system. In this paper the key features of the Korean approach to formulating and implementing a green growth strategy are outlined, and the progress achieved so far (2009–2012) is reviewed. Comparisons with China's green development strategy, as embodied in the 12th Five Year Plan (2011–2015), present themselves – in that both strategies are concerned with industrial restructuring and the building of new growth engines designed to create export platforms for the 21st century. Reductions in levels of carbon emissions flow from these industrial policy initiatives. The paper concludes that the Korean strategy is carefully crafted and implemented with full government commitment and leadership, demonstrating that such commitment is feasible in a democracy. What cannot be guaranteed is continuing commitment from successive political administrations.     

欠发达地区技术创新能力评价与培育研究——基于湘西地区的实证分析

基于欠发达地区技术创新能力的基本特征,重点考虑技术外溢与模仿创新对促进欠发达地区技术进步的作用,构建欠发达地区技术创新能力评价指标体系;运用熵权法评价湘西地区技术创新能力,结果发现:湘西地区技术创新能力整体水平较低,地区间发展不平衡,创新能力的各影响因素之间不协调、短板效应明显;鉴此,应实施差别化的区域、产业、知识产权政策等,破除创新短板、汇聚创新要素,推动欠发达地区技术创新。     

产业政策与信贷资金配置效率

基于上市公司逐笔银行贷款合约数据,本文考察了产业政策对信贷资金配置效率的影响。研究发现,当上市公司处于国家产业政策支持的行业时,公司所拥有的政企关系对银行贷款合约制定的积极作用会更大,全要素生产率对银行贷款合约制定的积极作用会更小,基于分省产业政策以及上市公司全部贷款数据的分析进一步确认了上述结论。从影响因素来看,当上市公司为国有企业、所在省份固定资产投资增速越高、法治环境越差时,产业政策的影响会越明显。本文的证据表明,通过加强法治建设、为不同所有制企业提供公平的竞争环境、改善产业政策的制定与实施,能够提升产业政策指导下的信贷资金配置效率。     

Looking for leaders: ‘Balancing’ innovation,risk and management control systems

Using the concept of institutional leadership we explore how leaders balance creativity and product innovation against administrative arrangements such as risk management and management control. Using two case companies we produce distinct contrasts to this balance with neither showing the ambidexterity needed to ‘secure’ (Selznick, 1957) the value of innovation and exploration and develop risk management and control systems for exploitative activities. One case company stuck to its past trajectory of innovation, ignoring risk management and control; the second case company had systems for its exploitative operations but was struggling to maintain any value of innovation and exploration. Nevertheless, one over-riding similarity in both organisations was that the leadership of the risk systems and management controls was with the engineers; accountants were not to be seen.     

中小企业债券市场发展:国际经验与创新借鉴

本文在对中国中小企业债券市场发展历程、现状和存在的问题进行分析的基础上,结合美国等国家中小企业债券市场发展的经验和趋势,探讨中国中小企业债券市场在多层次资本市场体系中的地位、发展路径和产品的创新,并在中小企业信息收集和信息共享机制、政府角色方面提出若干政策建议。     

Sectoral innovation system foresight in practice: Nordic facilities management foresight

A number of studies have explored the interconnection between the foresight literature and the innovation system literature. This paper adds to these studies by investigating how theoretical elements of the innovation system approach can contribute to the design and practice of foresight processes. The paper originates in a foresight project in the Nordic facilities management sector. The goal of the foresight project was to identify the possible futures of the facilities management sector in the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden) and, based on the findings, to establish a proposal for a common Nordic facilities management research agenda. The paper finds that three elements of the innovation system literature are of particular interest for the practice of foresight: innovation systems and context dependency, learning and user–producer interactions, and the role of knowledge and knowledge production. These elements are embedded into a simple sectoral innovation system model (including actors, knowledge flows, and the strategic environment).     

An analysis of leadership patterns in the finance function

The purpose of this paper is to report on an empirical study of the leadership style of the chief accountant. A contingency approach is adopted whereby a number of situational and structural variables are selected and related to leadership style. The results show how style can be systematically influenced by conditions and circumstances present in the environment of the finance function.     

对以色列科创模式及中以合作的思考

近几年,国际经济关系日益复杂,中国迫切需要借鉴国际先进经验,对国内科技产业发展战略进行优化,以完成科创全产业链升级。由于中以在全球高科技产业链中存在较强互补性,中以两国在科创领域的经贸合作在过去几年持续升温。作为全球科创强国,以色列科创产业的优势恰恰对应着中国科创产业的弱势环节,这使得加强与以色列在科创领域的合作、挖掘以色列科创体系中适合我国的策略并加以借鉴具有重要现实意义。然而,现存文献对以色列科创产业的梳理并不全面,中国相关部门难以做出政策指引。本文阐述"金融支持"和"政策支持"对以色列科创产业的重要贡献,剖析以色列科创产业最新特点,最后,结合上述分析与中以合作现状,为中国借鉴以色列先进经验发展自身科技产业、改善中以合作提供政策建议。     

Pointers to government policies for technical innovation

The main phases in postwar industrial development patterns are summarised to show where we are now, and to indicate possible future directions for government policies towards technological innovation. A number of tables compare policies in different OECD countries, and the text draws attention to such underlying principles as going for high-technology industries, ensuring consistency within a government's policies, or the wise use of government procurement activities.     

区域科技创新、产业结构与房价 ——基于30个省直辖市面板数据的实证检验

依据2004-2017年我国30个省直辖市的面板数据,运用动态面板模型,考量区域科技创新、产业结构对房价的影响。结果表明:科技创新能力提升和产业结构优化均能对房价产生正向效应,但影响程度与区域经济发展水平有关,东部发达地区科技创新能力更高,产业优化较好,为房价的稳定提供了长期支撑,但这一影响在中西部地区显著性有所降低。     

Impact of Government Intervention on Industrial Cluster Innovation Network in Developing Countries

This article aims to disclose the exact relationship between government intervention and the evolution of industrial cluster innovation network in developing countries. Therefore, this article examines the role of government intervention in the evolution of the network from the perspective of network structure. After reviewing the structure of the innovation network, the author set up an evolution model of industrial cluster innovation network based on weighted scale-free network. Through computer simulations, it is learned that government intervention has a great impact on the evolution of industrial cluster innovation network. In the network formation stage, the impact of government intervention on the average shortest path exhibits as a U-shaped trend. In this stage, the government should intervene moderately to keep a short distance and close contact between the subjects. In the network stabilization stage, the effect of government intervention on the average shortest path is in the shape of an inverted U. In this case, the government should reduce the intervention, encourage enterprise innovation, and reduce the innovation risk of the whole network. The findings provide valuable reference for research in relevant fields.     

Deposit insurance coverage,ownership, and banks' risk-taking in emerging markets

We ask how deposit insurance systems and ownership of banks affect the degree of market discipline on banks' risk-taking. Market discipline is determined by the extent of explicit deposit insurance, as well as by the credibility of non-insurance of groups of depositors and other creditors. Furthermore, market discipline depends on the ownership structure of banks and the responsiveness of bank managers to market incentives. An expected U-shaped relationship between explicit deposit insurance coverage and banks' risk-taking is influenced by country specific institutional factors, including bank ownership. We analyze specifically how government ownership, foreign ownership and shareholder rights affect the disciplinary effect of partial deposit insurance systems in a cross-section analysis of industrial and emerging market economies, as well as in emerging markets alone. The coverage that maximizes market discipline depends on country-specific characteristics of bank governance. This “risk-minimizing” deposit insurance coverage is compared to the actual coverage in a group of countries in emerging markets in Eastern Europe and Asia.     

基于GEM模型的上海航运保险产业竞争力研究

本文通过GEM模型,根据最新数据计算指标值,测量产业集群的竞争力的芡展情况,对影响航运保险产业竞争力的几大因素进行了分析。根据指标计算结果．目前航运保险产业的薄弱环节在于其产业基础不稳,人才匮乏且产品严重缺乏创新．导致集群内恶性竞争严重,行业的发展没有匹配与其相适应的法律环境。为进一步提高上海的航运保险,还需要培养更多专业人才致力于险种创新,政府也需要加大扶持力度。     

后金融危机环境下复杂产品系统企业成本管理面临的新问题

后金融危机环境使许多复杂产品行业陷入了成本劣势的困局,作为竞争优势的重要来源之一,如果不能形成成本优势,则企业会面临成本劣势的不利局面。订单式生产、在研制过程中涉及多利益主体的利益协调、研制周期长等特性,让成本控制相当困难。企业成本控制工作面临着两个方面的新问题：质量成本问题越来越突出;用户对成本的影响力增强。对上述两个问题的表现、产生原因进行了深入分析,并有针对性地给出了相应对策。     

产业集聚视角下科技园融资的实证分析

科技园是国家创新体系的重要组成部分,其发展对整个国民经济与社会有着极其重要的影响。实现科技园产业集聚,是加快科学技术发展、提升国民经济的必然选择。然而,融资问题一直成为困扰科技园发展的突出问题。因此,以产业集聚为视角,通过构建经济模型进行实证分析,来探讨促进科技园产业集聚的战略融资问题,对于加快科技园经济发展具有较强的理论价值和实践意义。     

The effect of government industrial policies on corporate accounting conservatism

This study examines whether and how firms adjust their accounting conservatism in response to government support through industrial policies, which reduce firms’ dependence on external financing from the capital market. Based on China’s unique economic programme called ‘Five-Year Plan’ from 1991 to 2015, we observe a decline in accounting conservatism among firms covered by government industrial policies. The decline is more pronounced in covered firms, which face higher ex-ante financial constraints, and in the subsample of firms which receive higher government support. These findings are robust to alternative specifications of accounting conservatism and policy timing. Our evidence implies that government industrial policies can have unintended consequences for corporate financial reporting.     

充分发挥金融在科技自主创新中的促进作用

科学技术的进步与创新在加快转变经济发展方式、促进产业结构调整升级、推动经济社会又好又快发展中发挥着重要作用。本文分析了金融支持西安市科技自主创新的现状及存在的问题,并就如何发挥金融对科技自主创新的促进作用,从完善和优化科技自主创新的银行间接服务体系、构建多层次的直接融资服务体系、完善创业风险投资服务体系和金融服务网络体系等方面提出了有针对性的对策建议。     

产业政策、创新行为与企业加成率——基于战略性新兴产业政策的研究

本文基于1998-2013年中国工业企业数据和专利数据,采用双重差分方法评估战略性新兴产业政策对企业加成率的影响程度、作用机制和有效实施空间。研究发现:(1)对生产率和研发水平较高的行业实施战略性新兴产业政策,总体上显著增加了企业专利申请量,有效激发了创新主体活力。(2)由于影响企业生产率的成本效应大于影响产品质量的价格效应,导致战略性新兴产业政策一定程度上降低了企业加成率。(3)行业技术差距对战略性新兴产业政策的加成率效应具有显著负向调节作用,随着行业技术水平接近前沿,战略性新兴产业政策实施效果呈渐进式优化。(4)由于企业主体异质性,战略性新兴产业政策具有的“选择性”特征会引致“重数量轻质量”创新陷阱,这是造成企业加成率下降的重要原因。本文有助于更好理解产业政策对制造业高质量发展的推动作用,对产业政策实施效果的进一步优化具有一定参考价值。     

Corporate Culture and Greed — The Case of the Australian Wheat Board

Between 1999 and 2002, the Australian Wheat Board (AWB) was involved in an elaborate bribery, or ‘kickback’, scheme involving the illicit payment of A$300 million to the Iraq government for supposed ‘transportation fees’ that were funnelled to the Saddam Hussein regime. This was clearly in breach of the United Nations trade sanctions and was apparently perpetrated by the AWB to secure continued sales with the lucrative Iraqi market. This paper aims to gain further insight into how a corporate culture can lead to greed, corruption and deception. Specifically, this study aims to add to the literature by analysing, using Schein's (1997, 2004) theoretical framework, a case on the development of a corrupt corporate culture. Content analysis of official investigative reports and other published documents is used to determine the extent to which the AWB's corporate culture and leadership may have influenced the behaviour of senior managers. The findings indicate that the culture within the AWB fostered an environment in which senior managers placed sales and profits above the sanctions clearly enunciated by the United Nations.