POLITICAL DEMOCRATIZATION AND KMT PARTY‐OWNED ENTERPRISES IN TAIWAN

This article will study how the existence of KMT party‐owned enterprises (POEs) and their development are related to Taiwan's democratization. POEs are profit‐making enterprises managed by the KMT, the former ruling party. All previous studies about the relationship between democratization and POEs only draw attention to the economic resource aspects of POEs. But the POEs were also KMT political resources in the form of enterprises and became policy tools to the ruling party. This study will argue that the existence of the POEs was a factor that maintained the KMT government and supported its stable management during the process of democratization. Moreover, POEs as political resources enabled Lee Teng‐hui as KMT chairman to demonstrate strong leadership and push ahead with the completion of democratization. But Lee's political mobilization of POEs expanded money politics and perpetuated these enterprises as one of the “authoritarian legacies” in Taiwan's democratic politics.     

Can integrated infrastructure investment plans contribute to more effective public spending? The case of Mozambique

All countries, especially developing countries with limited financial resources, face difficult decisions in prioritising public funds for investment projects in the face of multiple demands in order to achieve strategic public goals. Effective investment often requires coordination between different institutions and the management of political pressure to divert investment in support of private interests. It also requires the identification of appropriate sources of funds for different purposes. The preparation of an integrated infrastructure investment plan (IIIP) that uses structured approaches to review investment proposals has been suggested, and adopted in some cases, as an instrument to address these challenges and bridge the gap between national planning and sectoral budgeting. This article considers the experience of Mozambique in deploying an IIIP as well as some recent events and concludes that the instrument may be helpful as part of a system of investment planning and allocation but that it has significant limitations.     

结构失调与效应弱化——农业财政支出对农村经济发展的效应探析

农业财政支出是农村重要的公共资源,是农村公共产品的主要来源。通过对农业财政支出结构和功能进行分析发现:农业财政支出在农村经济发展过程中发挥的公共产品经济正外部性效应不显著,针对这种现象,本文提出了提升农业财政支出发挥公共产品正外部效应的几点建议,主要包括建立统筹城乡公共产品供给制度,优化农业财政支出结构,加大对农业科技、产业调整和剩余劳动力转移等,以优化公共资源配置,在城乡之间真正形成以工促农、以城带乡的长效机制。     

我国快速城市化下的农业风险与对策

针对我国快速城市化中出现的问题,不但要采取如"大禹治水,堵疏结合"的策略,而且要从"源头",即农村去寻找对策。城市化的程度取决于农业的承载能力,城市化的速度要与农业的发展水平相适应。文章详细分析了我国快速城市化下农业的主要风险,提出了控制适度的城市化速度及强化城市反哺农村的力度两项对策。文章阐述了一些具体的主张,如将县以下农业科技机构当作公益事业来办,给予更多的财政支持,以此来聚集农业科技人才;防止资源过度开发,强化生态休养、恢复、补偿制度;大力执行资金、技术、人才向农村流动的助农政策,推动农业结构调整等。     

农林高等院校科技资源配置结构效应研究

农林高等院校是我国农业创新驱动发展的重要动力源。农林高等院校科技资源配置结构的差异会影响配置效率,而配置效率的高低对于农林高等院校作用的发挥乃至农业现代化建设的进程有着重要的影响。本文在剖析农林高等院校科技资源投入、产出结构的基础上,利用2004-2014年农林高等院校数据构建了科技资源配置结构运行的系统动力学模型,通过改变经费拨款结构、人才配置结构等相关因素,仿真模拟各种方案下产出的变动情况,以此为依据讨论如何调整农林高等院校科技资源的配置结构以达到产出最优,以期为相关部门制定政策提供依据。     

Off-farm employment and time allocation in on-farm work in rural China from gender perspective

This paper sheds light on how the growing number of off-farm employees affects the labor allocation of female and male left-behind farmers in the Chinese agricultural sector. We find no direct effect of off-farm employment on left behind workers' total working time in farming, nor do we observe a gender difference in this respect. However, we do find that increasing off-farm work is associated with fewer days worked on staple crops, and in the harvesting and sales stages of the production process. Hiring labor and buying agricultural services also impact left behind workers' time allocation. Moreover, we find that in China, contrary to several other developing countries, there is no trend towards a feminization of agriculture, but rather a tendency in the reverse direction.     

整合执政资源与提高执政能力

执政资源是指执政党在领导国家经济、政治、文化和管理社会事务中所必需的各种积极因素和可调动利用的各种能量.整合执政资源是党的一个理论创新,它和党的执政能力是紧密联系的.执政资源是执政能力的基础,整合执政资源是提高执政能力的源泉.     

“高端服务”供给行为的经济学分析

公共利益的实现要允许市场行为的介入,“高端服务”的供给行为恰是价格机制甄选作用的具体体现。“高端服务”存在着3个层次的效率:稀缺资源配置效率的改进、公共产品供给的技术效率和公共服务的分配效率。因此,提供“高端服务”是一种经济理性行为,并未挤占公共利益。     

关于财政金融支农资金的文献综述

目前,农村经济发展的主要资金来源于财政支农和信贷支农。本文对现有的文献资料中关于财政金融支农的相关内容进行了综述,主要从财政金融支农规模、结构、政策、配置效率,以及以DEA方法研究支农资金配置效率等五个方面进行了归纳、分析和评述,最后指出了现有研究的不足之处。     

“三维”视角下的城乡公共服务互动机制分析

构建城乡公共服务的一体化机制,是促进城乡公共资源均衡配置的核心要素。它以政府、居民和企业作为其中的参与主体,各以不同的方式形成相应的"三维"机制。文章运用博弈论方法进行了分析:政府监督审计机制,提高审计水平和法制意识,并加大处罚力度;城乡居民参与机制,通过调节分配实现福利最大化;社会企业投资机制,引导其投资公共服务并适当补贴。最后提出了提升"三维"互动机制的政策建议。     

Institutions and participation in global value chains: Evidence from belt and road initiative

The “One Belt and One Road” (OBOR) initiative proposed by China aims to promote highly efficient resource allocation, deep regional integration, and extension of global value chains (GVCs). The main challenges faced by OBOR include large variations in regional institutions and a high degree of political instability among OBOR countries. This paper examines the linkage between regional institutions and GVC participation. First, we show that OBOR countries have much weaker institutions and less GVC participation than non-OBOR countries. Second, we find that institutions play important roles in GVC participation in both OBOR and non-OBOR countries. Improved regulatory quality, political stability, government effectiveness, and rule of law can significantly promote GVC participation in institutionally sensitive industries. Finally, a firm-level analysis that is based on the World Bank's Enterprise Survey Data indicates that better quality local institutions encourage firms to participate in GVCs.     

农业产业化进程中金融资源的有效配置

在农业产业化进程中,合理配置金融资源有着极其重要的意义,改变各类金融资源涌向城市的局面,提高农业产业化运行效率,推动农业产业化发展。在现有的农业产业化及农村金融改革研究成果的基础上,以金融资源配置功能为视角,深入研究农业产业化及农村金融发展问题,分析农业产业化的金融资源配置功能缺失的现状与成因,探讨农业产业化进程中金融资源配置功能缺失的矫治策略。     

基层农业技术推广体系的调查与思考——以湖南省衡山县、衡东县为例

通过对当前基层农业技术推广体系发展状况的调查和分析，笔者认为，农业技术推广为我国农村经济的发展作出了巨大推动作用。但存在推广经费短缺，农村人员素质偏低，管理体制不明，服务质量不高等问题。而思想观念陈旧，体制疆化，定位模糊和农业弱质性的客观现实是造成上述问题的主要原因。本文提出，在政策取向上政府应注重农业技术公共性职能与经营性职能的分离，完善投入主体多元化，促进农科教的协调发展。     

企业多项目管理中人力资源调度效率研究——基于知识复用的视角

将合适的人在最短的时间内调度到项目相应的岗位并有效完成特定任务,是项目成功的前提。然而,由于项目所具备的临时性、独特性特征,企业多项目管理中人力资源调度所追求的"来得了"、"干得好"的目标往往不能有效实现,存在"无人可调"和"调人低效"等问题。针对以上问题,在项目人力资源管理中引入知识管理理论,验证了知识复用水平对项目人力资源调度效率具有正向促进作用,证明了员工胜任力和企业文化协同对以上二者关系产生的正向中介效应。从提升知识复用水平视角提出了改善项目人力资源调度效率的建议,为多项目管理环境下企业人力资源的优化配置提供了理论依据与管理参考。     

The New Deal and Modern Memory

The “Great Recession,” which began at year‐end 2007, was precipitated by plunging real estate values, followed by borrower defaults and financial crisis for the public and private institutions that supplied loanable funds to the mortgage market. With economic growth not yet returned to trend, three years on more than 9% of the American labor force remains unemployed. Current macroeconomic events, perhaps inevitably, have been compared to those of the Great Depression of 1929–1933, both in terms of severity and of the efficacy of the public policies adopted ostensibly to restore prosperity. In this article, I review the literature on the New Deal, paying particular attention to modern scholarship emphasizing the role of presidential politics and antibusiness political rhetoric in deepening and prolonging the Great Depression. The parallels between then and now suggest that the two economic contractions had similar causes and elicited equally counterproductive policy responses.     

地理位置对公办养老机构与民办养老机构竞争关系影响研究

文章在考虑养老机构竞争受地理位置影响的基础上,建立了公办养老机构与民办养老机构的博弈模型。结果表明:老年人分布结构变化对公办及民办养老机构的利润带来相反方向的变化,且不完全市场覆盖下老年人分布结构变化对养老机构的影响程度更大;当政府对养老机构投入差距较小时,民办养老机构选址可以离公办养老机构更近,当投入差距较大时,选址应适当离公办养老机构更远;老年人对距离的厌恶程度越大,完全市场覆盖情形下养老机构的利润有所增加,不完全市场覆盖情形下的养老机构利润有所减少;养老机构周边老年人密度越大,服务成本系数差距及距离厌恶系数对其利润的影响越大。     

湖南农业支持的效率机制与政策取向研究

湖南已经进入以工促农、以城带乡的发展阶段,农业支持是增强农业竞争力的重要举措。分析了湖南农业支持的现状,提出了湖南农业支持实施的基本原则,并构建了湖南农业支持的效率机制与政策取向。     

农业经济发展中“三农”难题的对策

表现为农业不发达、农村不繁荣、农民不富裕的“三农”问题的存在,有它的历史根源和现实复杂性,这已成为了牵动全社会上下的一个无法绕开的经济、政治、社会问题。“三农”问题的核心是农民人均收入低下,增长缓慢。因此,解决“三农”问题的核心是农民增收问题,其关键在农业人口非农化,农业人口非农化的关键是鼓励创业、推动就业,同时要完善公共财政体制,优化财政支农政策,扶持农业和农村的发展。     

财政奖励政策对农村金融机构信贷行为的影响——基于涉农贷款增量奖励政策的实证研究

涉农贷款增量奖励政策是将财政政策与信贷政策有机结合,发挥财政资金杠杆作用,促进金融资源优化配置,建立财政促进金融支农的一项重要举措.本文利用新疆70个县的涉农贷款、农户贷款、奖励资金数据,分别构造了自回归分布滞后（ADL）模型和面板数据（Panel Data）模型,并对财政奖励政策的金融机构信贷行为影响效应进行了检验,然后通过农村金融需求问卷调查结果对金融机构信贷行为的影响进行了进一步验证.结果表明：第一,财政奖励政策对县域金融机构涉农贷款和农户贷款的发放存在正向激励作用,但多个县域个体并未表现出显著的激励效应;第二,财政资金奖励政策对农户和农村企业的信贷需求满足度均有明显影响,但对农村信贷资金价格并未表现出显著的影响.     

现代“公债”概念的生成及其在晚清民初的流播

中国古代曾有国家举债之事,但无论是从观念还是制度上看,都并非现代财政意义上的“公债”。经过相关人士的译介,现代财政意义上的“公债”概念渐为晚清社会所知晓。“公债”的词义亦经历了由古至今与中西交汇的转换与融合演进过程。“公债”概念形成与演进的过程,同时也是清廷财政变革的实践过程。甲午战后,朝野逐渐对公债举借背后所关涉的国家财政制度、债权关系、国家信用等问题进行了较为深入的讨论。晚清民初,现代意义的“公债”概念以及知识与制度体系逐步被塑造和建构起来。在国家财政制度剧烈转型之时,清廷亦展开了公债发行的艰难尝试与制度移植。