基于厚尾损失分布的汽车保险定价模型及其应用

我国目前正在推进商业车险费率的市场化改革,这要求保险公司使用更加准确的风险度量方法和损失预测模型。在汽车保险中,损失的厚尾性对费率厘定和风险管理都具有重要影响。本文引入密度函数的极限方法刻画损失分布的厚尾特征,构建二型广义贝塔分布下的GAMLSS定价模型,以改进传统广义线性模型中的指数族分布假设和只能对均值参数建模的局限。通过对国内商业车险损失数据的实证分析表明,使用厚尾分布假设和GAMLSS定价模型,可以提高汽车保险损失的预测精度,从而厘定更加合理的保险费率。     

广义估计方程在商业车险定价中的应用

2015年4月中国保监会在全国六个地区进行商业车险费率改革试点,标志着商业车险市场化改革正式启动。费率市场化改革后,车险定价是否合理将成为财产保险公司竞争的主要手段。在车险定价中常用的模型是广义线性模型,该模型建立的一个重要假设是索赔数据的相互独立性。但在实践中,随着投保年份的增加,同一投保人不同年份的索赔数据具有相关性,此时广义线性模型不再适用。本文采用广义估计方程来处理索赔数据之间的相关性,实证研究表明,在数据具有相关性的情况下,广义线性模型低估了回归系数的标准差,使得不显著的变量变得显著,增加了风险分类的种类,对具有相同风险的被保险人收取不同的保费,导致保险逆选择问题,而广义估计方程将二阶方差成分引入限制性似然估计方程中处理索赔数据之间的相关性,从而有效解决上述问题。同时,该方法也丰富了非寿险定价工具,为精算师厘定费率提供新思路。     

基于车联网大数据的车险费率因子分析

随着车辆网技术的不断成熟,车联网数据的应用价值日渐凸显。车联网大数据中包含着丰富的驾驶行为信息,这些信息对于改进传统的汽车保险定价模型具有重要的应用价值。如何从车联网大数据中提取出具有实际应用价值的信息,尚需进行大量细致的研究工作。本文基于车联网记录的速度-加速度数据,应用核密度估计和主成分分析,提取了一个驾驶行为因子,并在泊松分布假设下建立了索赔频率的广义可加模型。实证研究结果表明,本文提取的驾驶行为因子对被保险车辆的索赔频率具有十分显著的非线性影响,为汽车保险定价提供了一个新的费率因子,有助于进一步提高汽车保险定价结果的准确性和合理性。     

驾驶员动视力在车险定价中的应用研究

车险定价中的“从人因素”非常重要,有必要对其主要风险因素进行细分。试图将驾驶员的动视力测试指标引入车险定价的费率因子体系中,采用制定《中国职业汽车驾驶员适宜性检测标准》时对驾驶员动视力的检测数据,利用统计方法探讨驾驶员动视力在车险定价中的应用。研究发现,驾驶员动视力对交通事故的发生次数存在显著影响,因此应该在机动车保险...     

深圳商业车险定价机制改革成效

深圳商业车险定价机制改革坚持统筹规划、稳步推进,科学合理、符合保险规律以及充分保护被保险人利益三大原则,绘出了"两步走"的改革路线图深圳商业车险定价机制的改革过程改革的背景从2001年之前全国实行统一的车险费率和条款的"一统天下"局面,到2001年     

各具特色的国外汽车保险

从1906年汽车保险在英国诞生至今,这个大众常见的保险品种已经发展了100余年。如今,各国对影响车险费率因素的规定已是五花八门,非常细致入微。     

车险费率市场化改革及中小保险公司应对策略

2010年6月,中国保监会决定在深圳开展商业车险定价机制改革试点,车险费率市场化改革再度成为业内热议的焦点。车险费率市场化的核心是由各公司依据“随车、随人、随地区”等因素,在费率制定中引入各项浮动因子和系数,并在一定范围内进行上下浮动,最终目的是将费率和条款的制定权下放给保险主体,监管部门则履行制定行业基准费率、实施市场行为和偿付能力监管等职责。     

汽车零整比对车险费率影响几何

作为财险公司主营业务的车险已成为保险消费者最为认知和熟悉的保险产品,但仍有其不成熟之处。＂零整比＂大数据的发布预示着车险费率市场化核心因素的改变和重新确立,其应用也将有利于费率水平与风险状况更好的匹配。传统的费率厦定模式及车险现状传统的费率一定模式。传统的车险费率采取分类厘定模式,同一类别的成员组成一个风险集合体,通过将具有相同期望损失的车辆进行分类而厘定该类别的费率。     

人性化,国外车险最靓点

当汽车保险从1906年的英国诞生后,这种大众最为常见的保险品种发展到现在已经有一百多年的历史。随着时间的推移,社会的进步,汽车工业发达的国家,汽车保险所涉及的投保规则更是发生着翻天覆地的变化。国外很多国家对影响车险费率的因素规定,非常细致入微,尤其是人性化成为了最靓点。     

政府采购车辆保险应注意的几点问题

按照保监会的规定,车险费率从2003年1月1日起完全放开,这无疑加大了车险市场竞争的激烈程度。同时,也对政府采购车辆保险提出了新的挑战。从目前各地政府保险商品的采购情况来看,车辆保险是其中最主要的组成部分之一。在车险市场定价发生变化的情况下,作为保险商品消费者的政府必须在采购策略上进行调整,以适应新形势。     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.     

浅议金融机构的举证责任

金融纠纷案件是当事人以存单或进账单、对账单、存款合同、保险单、票据、证券等凭证为主要证据向人民法院提出诉讼的案件,对于不同种类金融纠纷的当事人的举证责任,我国现行的金融法律、法规及司法解释有不同的规定。由于金融机构的特殊法律地位,发生金融纠纷时存在有关当事人将最后偿付风险转移给金融机构承担的主观故意,在客观上会使金融机构难以提供相应的证据来对抗不法债权人的诉讼请求,而导致金融机构败诉。为此,对金融诉讼案件中金融机构的举证责任加以研究具有重要的实践意义。     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…