资产证券化的理论研究及在我国的发展

资产证券化作为最具活力的金融创新工具这一,自上世纪70年代产生于美国以来,已得到了迅猛的发展.随着我国经济体制改革的不断深化以及世界一体化进程的加快,对金融服务的需求不断壮大,需求层次不断提高,资产证券化作为重要的金融创新产品,应加以发展和利用.我国资产证券化的进程起步较晚,与发达国家相比还具有很多需要改进和发展的地方.     

资产证券化的本质与风险——基于马克思主义经济危机视角的解读

资产证券化作为一种融资工具,自20世纪70年代在美国出现以来迅速发展,并在2007年美国次贷危机中扮演了极其重要的角色.从马克思主义经济危机的视角对资产证券化进行解读,资产证券化的本质是对虚拟资本的进一步虚拟化.资产证券化、虚拟化不断升级引发了美国次贷危机.在当前我国金融改革的关键时期,必须做好金融监管和风险防范,审慎推进资产证券化进程.     

资产证券化——中小企业融资新方式

作为一种新的融资方式,资产证券化对于化解我国中小企业的融责"瓶颈"能够发挥重要的作用.本文介绍了资产证券化的基本原理,分析了中小企业资产证券化融资的优势及实施程序,并提出了一些问题.     

北部湾开发中的资产证券化融资模式的可行性研究

资产证券化作为一种创新的金融工具,它是通过发行有具体资产作为支撑的证券来筹集资金,不仅扩展了国内金融市场,加快了银行、证券、信托等金融市场融合,增强了银行信贷资产的流动性,而且也增加了金融市场的品种,促进国内金融产品的创新.文章将从资产证券化的基本操作流程出发分析资产证券化融资模式在北部湾(广西)经济发展过程中的可行性.     

对我国信贷资产证券化的思考

2005年3月21日,经国务院批准,信贷资产证券化试点工作正式启动.国家开发银行和中国建设银行作为试点单位,将分别进行信贷资产证券化和住房抵押贷款证券化的试点.信贷资产证券化,并不是单纯意义的金融衍生产品,它将构建中国资产证券化制度体系,也是当前中国金融改革的一记重拳.资产证券化可以提高金融市场的效率,降低金融风险,还具有促进扩大消费、发展住宅产业的功效,而且对于丰富中国的债券产品,推动中国资本市场发展等方面也有重要意义.     

关于证券公司开展企业资产证券化业务的若干问题

企业资产证券化作为世界金融领域中最重大的创新之一,极大地推动了各国证券市场和国民经济的发展.目前,我国资产证券化尚处于起步探索阶段,应该通过立法,制定和修改配套的法律、法规,为金融创新提供发展的土壤,同时注意保护投资者的权益.     

我国商业银行资产证券化环境分析

资产证券化是2 0世纪世界金融领域最重大和发展最快的金融创新工具之一,它的诞生对商业银行改善资产质量、增强流动性、完善自身资本充足率有着重大的意义,同时也为商业银行提供了一种新型融资方式,是商业银行向资本市场进军的又一“里程碑”.本文主要通过对我国商业银行资产证券化的环境阐述分析,找出现存的问题并提出改善的建议,旨在为优化我国商业银行资产证券化环境贡献力量.     

小水电资产证券化的两种实现模式

小水电作为一种最直接的低碳能源,符合我国能源发展战略以及国民经济和社会发展中长期规划。实现小水电的跨越式发展是缓解我国"电荒困局"的重要途径,而资产证券化为实现这一目标提供了高效的融资渠道。本文从资产证券化的核心问题即特殊目的载体的构造入手,分析、探讨了在我国目前制度框架下,小水电资产证券化的两种实现模式。     

浅析资产证券化对中小企业融资的影响

随着中小企业地位的日益上升,企业自身运营中的融资问题也日益突现,融资体系不健全、渠道狭窄所导致的融资问题已经严重威胁到企业的生存和发展.资产证券化作为一种新的金融手段,对中小企业的融资活动意义重要.本文系统阐述了资产证券化的结构和特点,并结合实际情况分析资产证券化对中小企业融资的影响,探讨适合我国中小企业的资产证券化融资模式,并进一步提出中小企业融资模式的完善策略.     

盘活企业资产的一剂良药——应收账款证券化

20世纪70年代以来,资产证券化是国际金融领域最重大和发展最快的金融创新之一,它不仅改变了证券市场的结构,同时也革新了企业的融资模式,提高了企业的竞争实力,对促进世界经济的发展产生了重要的作用。应收账款证券化作为资产证券化的一个组成部分,在盘活企业资产,提高资产的运作效率方面有着很大的优势。文章通过对应收账款证券化成本与收益的比较和分析,认为应收账款证券化是盘活目前我国上市公司资产的一剂良药,并针对我国的具体情况提出相应策略。     

Optimal taxation over the life cycle

We derive the optimal labor income tax schedule for a life cycle model with deterministic productivity variation and complete asset markets. An individual chooses whether and how much to work at each date. The government must finance a given expenditure and does not have access to lump sum taxation. We develop a solution method that uses the primal approach to solve for the optimal non-linear tax function. The average tax rate determines when an individual will work while the marginal tax rate determines how much she will work. Even in the absence of redistributive concerns, the optimal tax schedule has an increasing average tax rate at low levels of income to encourage labor market participation. The marginal tax rate at the top is strictly positive. Finally, the model is used to assess the effects of changing the current tax schedule to the optimal one. Under the preferred parameters, this delivers a welfare gain equivalent to 0.67 percent of lifetime consumption.     

Differential income taxation and household asset allocation

This article empirically investigates the effects of differential income taxation on households’ portfolio choice and asset allocation, applying a two-stage budgeting model of asset demand to German survey data. The model is structured into the discrete and the continuous asset choice. Cross-sectional variation in marginal tax rates, appropriately instrumented, as well as over-time variation from a major tax reform are used to identify the tax effects. Households with higher tax rates are found to have relatively greater demand for tax-privileged assets, such as nonowner-occupied housing, mortgage repayments, building society deposits, stocks, insurances and consumer credits, than households with lower tax rates. Demand at higher tax rates is lower for owner-occupied housing, bank deposits and bonds.     

增值税转型改革的效应评价——基于安徽省经验数据的实证分析

增值税转型引起增值税实际税率下降和税负降低,而增值税的税负降低必然导致经济运行发生变化.基于增值税转型所产生的投资效应、财政收入效应和安徽省的经验数据,实证检验了增值税转型对企业固定资产投资和财政收入的影响.结果显示:增值税转型具有投资正效应和财政收入负效应.即增值税转型促进了安徽省企业的固定资产投资增加,但导致了其财政收入减少.     

THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY WITH OVERLAPPING GENERATIONS

A two‐sector overlapping generations model illuminates the intergenerational effects of a tax that protects an environmental stock. A traded asset capitalizes the economic returns to future tax‐induced environmental improvements, benefiting the current asset owners, the old generation. Absent a transfer, the tax harms the young generation by decreasing their real wage. Future generations benefit from the tax‐induced improvement in environmental stock. The principal intergenerational conflict arising from the tax is between generations alive at the time society imposes the policy, not between generations alive at different times. A Pareto‐improving tax can be implemented under various political economy settings.     

A macrotheoretic analysis of inflation,taxes, and the price of equity

This paper examines the effects of higher inflation on asset prices via the impact on effective tax rates. The problem is addressed in a full macroeconomic context where explicit attention is paid to the government budget constraint. The analysis shows that the magnitude of the inflationary impact on asset prices varies significantly according to the nature of the government's fiscal response to changes in tax revenues generated by more inflation; in particular, by whether increased inflation revenues are met by an equal increase in public expenditures or by commensurate reductions in other tax parameters which keep total revenues constant.     

Capital Taxation and External Accounts in a Small Growing Economy

The effects of capital taxation on external accounts depend on how government allocates the tax revenue. With government debt being endogenous, an increase in either the residential or territorial capital tax rate may decrease net foreign asset holdings. With intergenerational transfers being endogenous, an increase in either the residential or territorial capital tax rate may increase net foreign asset holdings. With government spending being endogenous, an increase in the residential capital tax rate may either deteriorate or have no effect on the external accounts.     

The Big Bang: Tax Evasion After Automatic Exchange of Information Under FATCA and CRS

ABSTRACT

After decades of ineffective attempts to fight tax evasion, the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) and the Common Reporting Standard (CRS) recently implemented the first encompassing international exchange of tax-related information on an automatic basis. This is an important development because tax evasion contributes to rising socio-political inequality and political sovereignty losses. This article assesses the treaties’ impact on tax evasion by conducting a difference-in-difference analysis of cross-border asset data. The results show that the treaties are successful. Household assets in tax havens that are not hidden behind corporate identities are estimated to be 67 per cent lower than they would have been without automatic exchange of information. Furthermore, this reduction is not offset by an increase in treaty circumvention using identity concealment or asset shifting to non-compliant jurisdictions. FATCA and CRS thus implement the first effective international cooperation against tax evasion. The results imply that political globalisation is capable to mitigate the political sovereignty losses and rise of inequality caused by economic globalisation.     

Reforming social security: assessing the effects of alternative funding strategies

Population ageing implies that the large pay-as-you-go social security programmes implemented in many OECD economies will run into severe financial problems. By means of a numerical overlapping generations model, this paper investigates the intergenerational welfare effects of a transition to funded security programmes. Such programmes imply permanent increases in the welfare of the young and unborn generations. It is demonstrated that the size of the welfare gains varies significantly between alternative funding strategies. A nonindividualized funding strategy characterized by increased government asset accumulation triggers considerable welfare gains through increased asset returns in the future. Even larger welfare gains may be realized by an individual funding strategy characterized by increased asset accumulation accompanied by an adoption of actuarial supplementary pensions (i.e. actuarial supplementary pensions combined with a fixed minimum pension) which reduces future tax distortions drastically.     

The Effects of Macroeconomic Policies in a Mercantilist Economy

By introducing money and foreign exchange in the Zou (1997) model of mercantilism, the paper shows the effects of macroeconomic policies in mercantilist economies. It is shown that in the long run, consumption and foreign asset accumulation increases as a result of stronger mercantilist sentiments, permanent increases in the consumption tax, increases in the monetary growth rate and purchases of foreign bonds. In the short run, however, macroeconomic disturbances including the mercantilist sentiments, the monetary growth rate, and the consumption tax have negative effects on current consumption and positive effects on current foreign asset accumulation, while purchasing foreign bonds has positive effects on both current consumption and current foreign asset accumulation. The theoretical explorations may provide a theoretical structure for hoarding international reserves and export-led growth strategy utilized by emerging market economies.     

How the Machinery of International Finance Runs with Sand in its Wheels

The dramatic swings in international capital movements in recent years have renewed interest in restrictions on capital flows. This paper provides a model of international asset flows and domestic equity price formation incorporating three restrictions on capital flows. A transaction tax introduces significant asymmetries in the reaction of asset prices to financial and real shocks but has no long-lived effects. Policies targeted to the level of net foreign debt by imposing a tax or outright controls do influence the steady-state levels of the real exchange rate and relative equity prices.