基于租赁价格的房地产价格泡沫测度研究--以广州市房地产价格数据为例

在对房地产基础价值进行界定的基础上,提出了基于房地产租赁价格并考虑通胀因素的房地产价格泡沫测度方法。利用广州市2001-2013年的相关数据,对房地产价格泡沫程度进行了分析,并提出了相应的警戒标准,进而得出结论：以广州市为代表的一线城市的房地产价格尚未达到30%的泡沫警戒线,房价涨跌幅度仍属市场机制调节的正常范围,因而没有必要采取非市场调节手段干预房价的正常波动。     

HEDONIC PRICE INDEXES FOR RESIDENTIAL HOUSING: A SURVEY,EVALUATION AND TAXONOMY

Every house is different. It is important that house price indexes take account of these quality differences. Hedonic methods which express house prices as a function of a vector of characteristics (such as number of bedrooms and bathrooms, land area and location) are particularly useful for this purpose. I consider here some developments in the hedonic methodology, as it is applied in a housing context, that have occurred in the last three decades. A number of hedonic house price indexes are now available. However, it is often difficult to see how these indexes relate to each other. For this reason I attempt to impose some structure on the literature by developing a taxonomy of hedonic indexes, and then show how existing indexes fit into this taxonomy. Also discussed are some promising areas for future research in the hedonic field. In particular, greater use needs to be made of spatial econometric and nonparametric methods to exploit the increased availability of geospatial data. The main criticisms of the hedonic approach are evaluated and compared with those of the repeat‐sales and stratified median methods. The overall conclusion is that the advantages of the hedonic approach outweigh its disadvantages.     

A mixed index approach to identifying hedonic price models

Recent literature suggests identifying house price hedonic regressions by using instrumental variables, spatial statistics, the borders approach, panel data, and other techniques. We present an empirical application of a mixed index model, first proposed by Bowden [Bowden, R.J., 1992. Competitive selection and market data: the mixed-index problem. The Review of Economic Studies 59(3):625–633.] to identify hedonic price regressions. We compare the performance of the mixed index model to a traditional hedonic model and to a hedonic model that includes characteristics of the buyer of each house. We find the mixed index model outperforms the other models based on bootstrap distributions of predicted housing values, prediction variance, and predicted policy effects. The mixed index model distributions are less skewed and kurtotic than the other models, suggesting it more closely satisfies the classical linear regression assumption of normally distributed errors. Compared to the mixed index model, the traditional hedonic overstates the importance of lot size and school quality to house price and understates the importance of environmental quality.     

住房价格指数以及区位对住房价格的影响——北京市住房价格实证分析

根据北京市的1308个新建住宅项目数据,建立了Hedonic模型,着重分析了时间、距离、环线以及行政区等变量对住房价格的影响,构建了北京市住房Hedonic价格指数和住房价格的梯度曲线.     

House price risk and the hedging benefits of home ownership

Using a repeat-sales methodology, this paper finds that estimates of house price risk based on aggregate house price indices substantially underestimate the true size of house price risk. This is the result of the fact that aggregate house price indices average away the idiosyncratic volatility in house prices. Additional results show that the idiosyncratic risk exceeds the hedging benefits of home ownership. These results imply that for many home owners, owning a house may well add more price risk than it hedges away. These findings are based on a detailed dataset of individual housing transactions in the Netherlands.     

Why elementary price index number formulas differ: Evidence on price dispersion

Most countries use either the Dutot or Jevons index number formula for the compilation of their consumer price index at the elementary level of aggregation. The difference between the formulas is shown to be accounted for by changes in price dispersion. In turn, some of this difference is shown to be explained by product heterogeneity. Scanner data on television sets (TVs) are used to calculate Dutot and Jevons indexes. The difference between them is successfully explained in terms of changes in price dispersion and much reduced using an hedonic, heterogeneity-controlled Dutot index.     

The house price determination process: Rational expectations with a spatial context

Applying the rational expectations hypothesis, this essay models the current value of a house as the conditional expectation of the discounted stream of housing services accruing to the owner of the house. The value of housing services is determined by neighborhood effects as well as the physical attributes of the property itself. In the existing hedonic literature, future transactions have not been utilized to describe neighborhood effects. The rational expectations asset pricing model in this study accounts for expected future neighborhood effects as well as observed current neighborhood effects. The reduced form of the rational expectations model is a spatial autoregressive (SAR) model with two spatial lags. After employing the generalized method of moments (GMM) in estimating the spatial asset pricing model, I find that both expected future transactions and prior transactions in the neighborhood are significant. The inclusion of expected future transaction prices in the neighborhood takes into account the influence of expected changes in the community and factors these potential changes into the current house price. This is consistent with forward-looking households. The forward-looking model generates superior out-of-sample prediction performance relative to both the conventional hedonic model without considering neighborhood effects or the standard spatial hedonic model including only past transactions.     

需求价格弹性和销售收入关系的数学探析

文章认为,许多经济学教材中关于需求价格弹性对销售收入影响的结论存在明显缺陷,通过严格的数学分析,无论如何都不能得出需求价格弹性大于1时,降价会使销售收入增加这样的结论。正确的结论应该是:对同一条需求曲线,对应不同的点有不同的弹性,中点的价格弹性为1,是销售收入最大点,销售收入的变化由销售点在需求曲线上的位置及移动方向共同决定。     

Managing hedonic housing price indexes: The French experience

Despite their theoretical advantages, hedonic housing price indexes are not so commonly computed by statistical agencies or real estate professionals. Many published indexes still rely on mean or median prices, or favor repeat-sales methods, which require less information about the attributes of the housing units and less econometric expertise on the part of the index compilers, but may be less accurate and robust. In France as in other countries where housing sales have to be recorded in front of a notary, data on transaction prices and characteristics of dwellings are available. Such data have been centralized since 1994, and quarterly hedonic housing price indexes have been computed for more than 10 years. This paper describes the institutional setting of housing transactions in France, and the collaboration between the notaries and the national statistical agency (INSEE). The former are responsible for data collection and regular computation, whereas the latter takes scientific responsibility for the method. The detailed information on the individual properties transacted remains proprietary data, but disaggregated indexes are publicly and freely available. This organization and assignment of roles has proven effective and might be extended to countries with similar institutional settings.     

基于房价收入比的梯度住房政策体系研究——以上海市为例

为了实现居者有其屋,需要针对不同的收入群体采取不同的住房政策,为此要对居民的住房支付能力进行科学的判断。本文采用国际通用的衡量居民住房支付能力的房价收入比指标,用上海市的实际数据对其进行修正使用,以计算结果作为制定差别化住房政策的标准,建立起长效、稳定的住房经济调控政策与住房社会保障政策相结合的梯度住房政策体系。     

中国房价与地价的关系——基于相关分析和因果分析的实证研究

近年,中国房价持续迅猛上涨引发了不少讨论和争议,其中房价和地价的关系也是热点之一。本文以中国房地产为研究对象,借助SPSS16．0和Eview5．0,采用实证研究方法,对中国自1999年第一季度到2009年第四季度的房价和地价数据进行相关分析和格兰杰因果分析,揭示房价与地价的相关性和两者之间的协整关系,以及中国房价和地价在短期乃至长期相互影响的状况,为房价调控策略选择提供科学依据。     

What moves housing markets: A variance decomposition of the rent–price ratio

We apply the dynamic Gordon growth model to the housing market in 23 US metropolitan areas, the four Census regions, and the nation from 1975 to 2007. The model allows the rent–price ratio at each date to be split into the expected present discounted values of rent growth, real interest rates, and a housing premium over real rates. We show that housing premia are variable and forecastable and account for a significant fraction of rent–price ratio volatility at the national and local levels, and that covariances among the three components damp fluctuations in rent–price ratios. Thus, explanations of house-price dynamics that focus only on interest rate movements and ignore these covariances can be misleading. These results are similar to those found for stocks and bonds.     

房价和地价相互关系的实证分析——基于上海等地数据的检验

房价与地价之间的关系问题一直是争议较大的热点,理论界有两种截然不同的观点：一种是成本论,从供给角度来看,地价决定房价;一种是需求论,从需求角度来看,地价上涨是由于房屋需求增加。本文基于长三角地区较有代表的四座城市数据对此问题进行分析。     

基于MT模式下制造企业回收政策的制定问题

文章主要研究在MT回收模式下,制造企业在不同的产品销售阶段如何制定最优的销售价格和回收政策来实现企业利润最大化的问题。通过对两种不同回收政策的分析和比较,给出了在MT回收模式下制造企业如何制订回收政策的基本思路。     

供应链中短期价格折扣效用研究

当供应商提供一定的价格折扣时,零售商应根据各自的年需求量、折扣前的价格、折扣价格等因素重新确定采购量,以实现成本的降低。具体的计算公式可以通过求极值的方法得到,根据公式的计算结果进行采购,就零售商而言能实现采购成本的最大节约。假设折扣后的最佳采购量是折扣前采购量的n倍,那么同时安全库存也仅以n(1/2)倍增长。     

城市地价分类管理研究

指出我国城市土地市场是国家垄断为主的一级市场与自由竞争的二级市场并存的二元结构,提出城市地价分类管理的基本思想,深入剖析地价体系中存在的基准地价缺陷、标定地价作用不充分以及市场机制形成土地价格不完善等问题,分别对一级、二级市场地价管理的目标和平台进行设计,初步构建基于分类管理的新的地价体系.     

基于产权的企业家人力资本定价探讨

文章介绍了企业家人力资本的产权特征,结合体制改革、效用变化分析了企业家人力资本定价的制度变迁,最后试图建立与产权相符的企业家人力资本定价制度。     

评估价值法的合理运用研究

评估价值法作为一种保险公司价值评估方法,其结果的合理与否关键在于新业务价值倍数等参数的确定。本文指出评估价值法是DCF法的简化方法,新业务价值倍数应当根据DCF在合理假设的前提下推导而来。脱离实际情况采用过于激进的新业务价值倍数假设可能导致估值的错误,文章通过中国人寿估值的案例对此进行了说明。     

Crude oil price forecasting based on internet concern using an extreme learning machine

The growing internet concern (IC) over the crude oil market and related events influences market trading, thus creating further instability within the oil market itself. We propose a modeling framework for analyzing the effects of IC on the oil market and for predicting the price volatility of crude oil’s futures market. This novel approach decomposes the original time series into intrinsic modes at different time scales using bivariate empirical mode decomposition (BEMD). The relationship between the oil price volatility and IC at an individual frequency is investigated. By utilizing decomposed intrinsic modes as specified characteristics, we also construct extreme learning machine (ELM) models with variant forecasting schemes. The experimental results illustrate that ELM models that incorporate intrinsic modes and IC outperform the baseline ELM and other benchmarks at distinct horizons. Having the power to improve the accuracy of baseline models, internet searching is a practical way of quantifying investor attention, which can help to predict short-run price fluctuations in the oil market.     

基于顾客价值的湖北省旅游定价策略研究

湖北省旅游资源丰富,但旅游行业的发展仍存在不少问题,本文分析了旅游产品定价应先由顾客需求决定旅游产品构成,再根据产品性价比制定出顾客可接受的价格,并采用差异化、感受价值和积木结构等定价创新工具,提出了基于顾客价值的湖北省旅游价格组合策略。