论暖通空调工程中的节能减排设计

暖通空调是人们最常用的电器之一，在当前普遍重视节能环保的大环境下，暖通空调的节能减排设计越来越受到关注。暖通空调的节能减排设计要遵循整体性、动态性和注重技术发展的原则，并从暖通空调的风系统、水系统和冷热源这三个方面入手开展节能减排设计，这样才能最大程度地做好暖通空调的节能减排设计工作。     

暖通空调系统节能技术研究

从改善设计、提高控制水平、采用新的调节方式及改变维护结构性能等角度论述了现代建筑中暖通空调节能措施,从多个角度论述了新型环保节能技术的应用,并从新风预处理系统、独立新风系统以及个性化送风系统等角度对暖通空调系统节能技术进行了展望。     

谈谈暖通空调系统的节能问题

随着社会的发展和时代的进步,暖通空调系统已成为现代社会建筑中必不可少的成分,因此社会资源能耗量也逐渐增大,节能问题已成为人们不可回避的话题。在当今＂低碳生活＂的主题的倡导下,在暖通空调系统方面进行节能的研究,具有巨大的社会效益及时代意义。本文将从暖通空调的节能现状出发,分析暖通空调系统节能的重大意义,目前存在的缺陷不足以及改进的措施等,希望能对现代建筑的暖通空调节能系统提供一定的参考作用。     

暖通空调系统中节能问题的探讨

暖通空调系统在建筑节能中占据重要的位置,起着重要的作用。在科学技术日新月异的今天,我们可以利用多种方法实现暖通空调系统的节能。本文就暖通空调系统中的节能问题进行了探讨。     

暖通空调节能减排优化设计

随着全社会对能源需求的不断扩大，能源与环境的问题日益严重，暖通空调系统作为能源消耗的重点领域，对电力能源的消耗一直处于上升趋势。因此，暖通空调系统的节能减排问题就显得尤为重要。本文首先分析了现阶段暖通空调系统节能减排过程中存在的主要问题。提出了暖通空调节能减排优化设计的基本原则，并对优化设计的相关措施进行了阐述，旨在进一步推进我国暖通空调系统的节能减排效果，实现经济效益与生态效益的协调发展。     

浅议暖通空调系统的节能问题

暖通空调系统在建筑节能中占据重要的位置,起着重要的作用,节能技术的研究开发和运用是暖通空调系统、建筑系统节能的基础,政府职能部门的重视和支持,则是实现大幅度节能、产生显著的环境和社会效益、推动经济发展的保证。     

浅析暖通空调的节能设计及其运用

当前,提高节能效果和使用舒适性已经成为空调领域获得持久发展能力的必然选择,而且,在进行建筑设计时,节能、环保、减排都是目前的设计主题,暖通空调作为建筑工程的能源消耗大户,对其进行节能设计,不仅符合当前空调设计和建筑设计的主流发展形式,对于保护生态环境、缔造绿色节能社会也是大有裨益的.在本文中,笔者就暖通空调的节能设计问题进行了分析,并探讨了它的实际运用情况.     

建筑暖通空调系统节能设计中绿色理念的融入

随着我国经济的快速发展,能源的耗用量在不断的增加,随之环境污染情况也越来越严重.因此,节约能源,减少污染成为现代建设和发展的新目标.在现代的建筑建设中空调的普及给人们的生活带来很大的便利,但是空调的耗能量较大,其耗能量大约展建筑耗能量的2/3,同时空调使用时排出的气体对我们的生活环境造成一定的污染.目前,能源的浪费和环境的严重污染已经严重影响到人们的生活,所以在建筑暖通空调系统节能设计中加入绿色理念是建筑行业发展的必经之路.本文将针对建筑暖通空调系统节能设计中绿色理念的融入进行探讨.     

高层建筑暖通空调设计探析

对暖通空调系统进行了概述,并简要分析了暖通空调系统设计中应注意的问题,以及节能空调系统设计新思路。     

智能建筑暖通空调系统优化方法研究

目的:研究实现智能建筑暖通空调系统节能的有效途径和优化方法.方法:分析比较建筑物内部主要耗能单元的节能措施.结果实现了对BA控制系统(主要是暖通空调系统)的传感器、执行器、控制器、网络等若干环节分级优化,从系统的各种可能结构和参数中找到最佳匹配,使整体效能最佳,从而提高系统的效率.结论:确立智能建筑暖通空调系统能量管理与控制系统优化的基本出发点、优化原则及技术措施对于智能建筑节能实现具有重要的现实意义,BAS系统是实现智能建筑节能的有效途径之一.     

《鹿特丹规则》下提单功能的缺失与重塑

传统提单的价值,是转让提单产生转让货物的效果。提单实现上述效果,极大地依赖于其债权凭证功能。《鹿特丹规则》通过引入意思自治原则,改变了提单债权功能的强制性,削弱了传统提单的信用,将对提单制度产生负面影响。《鹿特丹规则》的货物控制权制度,部分地强化了提单的债权凭证功能,但由于除斥期间和抗辩权的存在,不能完全恢复提单的信用。我国应当充分吸取《鹿特丹规则》的有益创新,尽力限制其消极影响。     

供应链信息资源优化及其价值创造能力提升——以农产品物流业为例

信息资源在供应链运营中的作用日益凸显。信息经济环境下,企业和客户对于信息的查询和运用等需求日益提高,对于供应链信息资源的处理效率与能力要求显著增加。供应链运营涉及多环节的信息处理、信息交流,供应链信息资源的优化实现较好的信息利用效益,促进其价值创造能力的提升。文章结合农产品物流业发展中供应链信息资源运营管理的实际状况,通过供应链信息资源的需求特点分析,阐明供应链信息资源的运营要求。通过农产品物流业的供应链信息资源优化和价值创造能力提升的系统分析,提出供应链信息资源优化的路径,提高农产品物流业发展中供应链信息资源的处理效率和运用水平,不断提高信息资源在供应链中的价值创造能力,促进农产品物流业中供应链的优化发展。     

Objective and subjective factors shaping saving behaviours – the case of Polish households

The paper aims at connecting of the concept of financial behaviour with that of the family life cycle. The evolution of the consumption structure, which results from the sequence of life phases, requires chronological consideration of financial activities, in a manner concerning the accumulation of wealth, as proposed by hierarchical model of financial actions contained in the theory of psychological economics. These theoretical relations were verified empirically through a survey of Polish households conducted at the end of 2012. The results of the empirical research confirm the important role of subjective determinants of the accumulation of reserves. Competent in current times, the philosophy of individualism and consumerism promotes the attitude of ‘living for the moment’ and forces the attitudes of restraint and caution away from individual awareness on the social scale. Individual perceptions of one's income and material conditions are the basic factor shaping the conditions of saving and creating financial reserves. This study also largely confirmed that the concept of the hierarchical model of financial actions contained in the theory of psychological economics is reflected in the actions of Polish households.     

‘The Impact of Corporate Ethical Values and Enforcement of Ethical Codes on the Perceived Importance of Ethics in Business: A Comparison of U.S. and Spanish Managers’

This two country study examines the effect of corporate ethical values and enforcement of a code of ethics on perceptions of the role of ethics in the overall success of the firm. Additionally, the impact of organizational commitment and of individual variables such as ethical idealism and relativism was examined. The rationale for examining the perceived importance of the role of ethics in this manner is to determine the extent to which the organization itself can influence employee perceptions regarding ethics and social responsibility. Results indicate that all of the variables tested, except relativism, impacted upon one’s perceptions of the importance of ethics and social responsibility. Perceptions of the importance of ethics and social responsibility also varied depending upon country of residence with the U.S. sample having somewhat higher perceptions concerning the importance of ethics and social responsibility than their counterparts in Spain. Furthermore, when comparing the two samples, the U.S. sample had significantly higher corporate ethical values, greater enforcement of ethical codes, less organizational commitment and both lower idealism and relativism.     

Trends in the market for entrepreneurship faculty, 1989–1998

The last decade has seen a dramatic rise in the number and status of entrepreneurship programs in schools of business and management. The popularity of entrepreneurship courses has increased dramatically among both graduate and undergraduate students. Alumni and external constituencies of schools of business have generally been supportive of the development of entrepreneurship programs, and in fact in many instances it has been the demands of these constituencies that have led to the creation or expansion of entrepreneurship programs within these schools. The growth in entrepreneurship programs has been fostered by an increase in the popularity of entrepreneurship, an increase in the status accorded entrepreneurs, as well as an increase in the recognition by the business press of the importance of entrepreneurship in the larger economy. Despite the increase in popularity within the field, there has also been considerable resistance from within the faculties of many institutions to the expansion of entrepreneurship programs. Faculty outside the field have been, and many remain, very skeptical about the validity of entrepreneurship as an academic field, the quality and rigor of entrepreneurship research and the need to hire academic faculty to teach and research in the field. The last decade has seen the confluence of these opposing forces.This disparity has created the question of whether the external forces supporting entrepreneurship are overcoming the inertia inherent in academic institutions and succeeding in institutionalizing the study of entrepreneurship within schools of business and management. This study hopes to shed some light on which of these forces is winning by addressing the question of whether the field of entrepreneurship is moving toward or has been institutionalized as part of the curriculum and research within schools of business and management. It also examines the institutionalization of the field by analyzing the change in the number and level of entrepreneurship positions, the quality of the recruiting institutions as well as the number, level and training of entrepreneurship candidates during the years 1989–1998. Data was obtained from the Academy of Management Placement Roster and The Chronicle of Higher Education for the years 1989–1998. Previous entrepreneurship education researchers have examined the number of endowed chairs and professorships, conferences, journals, programs and various centers for entrepreneurial education, however sparse research, if any, has been performed on the trends and characteristics of candidates and positions in the field of entrepreneurship.The results of this study are very encouraging. Both the demand for and the supply of entrepreneurship faculty have increased spectacularly during the last nine years. Between 1989/90 and 1997/98 the number of entrepreneurship positions increased 253% while the number of candidates increased by 94%. During this period the number of positions that list entrepreneurship as the primary field has increased ten-fold from 5 to 50 and the number of candidates that list entrepreneurship as their primary field has increased four-fold from 5 to 20. During the same period the number of secondary and tertiary positions have increased 116% and 78%, respectively, and the number of secondary and tertiary candidates have increased by 67% and 53%. The percentage of entrepreneurship positions listing entrepreneurship as the primary field has increased from 19% in 89/90 to 54% in 1997/98. Overall, the growth in the number of primary entrepreneurship positions is very encouraging.In the end, the results of this study are very encouraging. Both the demand and the supply of entrepreneurship faculty have increased spectacularly during the last nine years. The field has clearly made significant progress toward being institutionalized. However, it is still too soon to conclude that the commitment to entrepreneurship by schools of business and management is irreversible. One clear indication of the tenuous status is that, unlike strategy and international business, there has been no mandate from the American Assembly of Collegiate Schools of Business that entrepreneurship be incorporated into the curriculum of all accredited schools. Entrepreneurship remains an elective subject in most schools and therefore depends on student interest. The field has made great strides during the 1990s, but a couple of hurdles remain.     

绿色发展的主体—生态模式——基于浙商的实践

绿色发展,是一个世界性的命题,是中国改变现状和实现持续发展的迫切需要,是浙商急需践行的目标。已有的绿色发展理论虽然阐明了有关绿色发展的实质和目的,以及基点、核心内容和措施等问题,但是缺乏整体性和系统性及其转换性。鉴于此,文章构建了绿色发展的主体—生态模式。该模式反映全面、融合和协调的主体—生态关系,其核心范畴是公正,包括代内公正和代际公正。该模式除了整体和系统地反映绿色发展的目的、宗旨和目标以外,集中体现为绿色价值的创造和增进。文章最后结合浙商的实践,探讨了在绿色发展的主体—生态模式的运用中需要树立和践行的一系列原则、理念和精神。     

主用户活跃性下的多功率分配策略

考虑到认知用户在信息传输过程中主用户的状态可能随时变化,提出了一种新的功率分配模式——多功率分配策略。在基于频谱感知的系统模型中,以认知系统的吞吐量为目标函数,得出了主用户感知过程的多种状态,并分配三种不同的功率,最大化认知系统的容量。仿真结果表明,随着主用户活跃指数的逐渐提高,所提新模型的功率分配策略要优于传统方法。同时分析了新的功率分配下平均干扰功率与主用户接收端的信噪比对系统吞吐量和最优感知时间的影响,进一步验证了所提出新策略的有效性。 〖HT5H〗关键词：〖HT5K〗认知无线电;主用户活跃;频谱感知分配;多功率分配;吞吐量最大化     

人力资本与服务贸易比较优势相关性研究

大多数西方经济学者都认为人力资本要素是影响服务贸易比较优势的关键因素之一,他们分别从不同的角度详细论证了人力资本与服务贸易比较优势之间的相关性。我国对于这个问题的研究起步相对比较晚。本文通过对人力资本与服务贸易比较优势相关性研究的理论梳理与比较,希望能为理解服务贸易比较优势理论提供新思路。     

近邻效应与企业进口决策

本文在构建进口近邻效应理论模型的基础上,运用2000-2006年中国海关进口企业数据考察近邻效应对企业进口决策的影响。结果表明:近邻效应对企业进口决策的影响显著,近邻进口企业数量越多,潜在进口企业从相同市场进口的概率越大;从近邻效应的作用范围来看,近邻效应超出一定空间范围才会表现出空间距离衰减特征,地级市是近邻效应的最佳作用范围;从企业初始进口看,近邻效应对企业进口额的影响并不显著,在某种意义上,近邻效应只体现于企业进口决策行为,而不会影响企业首次进口表现;从龙头企业的角色来看,近邻企业中龙头企业的存在大大促进了潜在企业的进口概率。     

EVA在物流企业价值评价中的应用

本文认为,物流企业的发展不应仅限于单纯追求扩大规模,更要着重提高物流效率,增强综合服务能力,降低物流成本。因此,对物流企业价值进行准确评价非常重要。本文应用经济增加值EVA(Eco-nomic Value Added)对物流企业价值评价进行了分析,有利于物流企业分析市场风险,作出正确的投资与经营决策。在物流企业推广EVA财务管理系统是我国适应国际经济一体化趋势的需要,首先,EVA有利于对物流企业的绩效进行监测和评估,从而使企业更加专注于资本的有效利用,股东更加专注于资本回报价值的最大化;其次,有利于加快我国物流企业管理制度创新和技术进步。