分析师跟踪会影响企业主体信用评级吗?——基于我国信用债市场的经验证据

随着我国债券市场规模的不断扩大,信用评级成为当前复杂经济形势下的热点话题.作为改善信息环境、缓解代理问题的重要机制,分析师跟踪能否影响发债企业的主体信用评级,引发学术界和实务界的密切关注.选取2011-2018年我国拥有主体信用评级的A股上市公司作为研究样本,实证考察分析师跟踪与发债企业主体信用评级的关系.研究发现,分析师跟踪人数越多,企业主体信用评级也越高,在控制内生性问题后该结论依然成立.作用机制分析表明,分析师跟踪主要通过降低企业的会计信息风险以及债务代理风险两条途径对企业主体信用评级产生影响.进一步研究显示,分析师跟踪提高企业主体信用评级的积极效应在国有性质、非四大审计以及机构投资者持股比例高的企业中更为显著.     

关于信用评级对债券回报率的实证研究

信用评级不仅能够为市场提供风险信息还能够增强市场时企业的约束,因此对资本市场的健康发展起着重要的作用.发达国家的信用评级活动既影响着投资决策也影响着监管行为,其公信力得到了市场的普遍认可.但是中国的评级行业发展历史较短,其内在技术实力和外在发展环境较国外都有一定的差距.在这种情况下,市场对中国本土信用评级的认可和依赖程度就成了一个值得研究的问题.本文采用实证的方法研究本土信用评级对债券回报率的影响.利用国内最大的三家评级机构在2007至2009年间发布的评级公告分别建立正面和负面的事件研究模型,考察公告前后的债券价格反应,分析信用评级在二级市场中对债券回报率的影响.     

信用评级对企业融资方式的价格决定机理分析

通过从市场参与者角度考量信用评级对企业主体及其金融工具的风险与揭示程度,重点分析了信用评级在企业向银行贷款与企业发行企业债、短期融资券和股票这四种主要融资方式中发挥的作用,以信用等级的高低为利率市场化和资金定价提供参考标准,说明信用评级对企业融资方式的价格决定机理.     

国际信用评级市场危机四伏

信用评级,亦称资信评级,是金融体系中特殊的中介服务,其定价功能使评级机构掌握着企业和金融市场的生杀大权.它是维护国家金融主权的重要力量,代表了一个国家在国际金融服务体系中的国家地位. 美国次债危机和希腊债务危机再次证明,一旦信用评级出现问题,将给整个经济金融系统造成严重冲击.推进国际信用评级体系改革,构建一个客观公正、科学合理的国际信用评级体系,已经成为国际金融体系改革的当务之急.     

商业银行信用评级案例在《企业信用管理》中的教学分析

企业信用管理课程中,企业评级是重要的一个章节。商业银行对客户信用评级也是我国银行信贷客户准入的唯一途径,企事业单位或个人要贷款,商业银行就要对其进行信用评级。信用评级是商业银行防范信贷风险、提高贷款质量的一项重要措施。通过某商业银行对企业客户信用评级案例的分析,使学生了解我国银行对信贷客户的具体评级指标,从而了解该课程的实际应用。     

AHP—模糊综合评价法在中小企业评级中的应用

本文联系国外信用评级机构现行的评级指标体系,基于第三方评级机构的角度,从宏观环境、企业基本素质、企业信用记录、创新能力、发展前景、财务分析六个方面设计了中国中小企业信用评级指标体系,并选用层次分析法(AHP)和模糊综合评判法对建成的指标体系进行后续操作。先由层次分析法设置各指标的权重,再结合模糊综合评判法评估出企业的信用状况。通过中小企业信用评级指标体系对中小企业信用风险进行评级和测定,可以增强投资者或商业银行投资或贷款的可靠性和安全性。     

基于短期资金市场的高科技企业融资战略及其影响因素——依据台湾1233家高科技企业的面板数据

本文对1233家台湾高科技企业的短期融资战略进行实证研究,结果表明:高科技企业的流动性、信用评级、获利能力对采用激进型短期融资策略有正向影响,而发行成本、公司规模和负债水平对采用激进型策略有负向影响.发行成本对高科技企业采用稳健型策略有正向影响,而流动性、信用评级、获利能力负向影响高科技公司采用稳健型策略.流动性低的上市高科技企业更倾向于采用保守型策略.在此基础上,就短期资金市场的前置因素与企业短期资金市场的融资战略选择及其匹配进行了研究,阐述了在不同条件下企业的短期融资组合战略及其规律,以期对中国大陆高科技企业提供借鉴.     

商业银行对中小企业的信用评级分析简

商业银行对中小企业的信用评级应注重企业信用评级管理的整合,构建专业的评级机构.制定科学的企业信用等级评定办法和指标体系要注意到各地经济基础、企业规模、所有制差异等因素.建立资信评级监管体系,建立统一的企业信用等级信息披露制度.     

企业信用评级方法及途径分析

对企业来说,诚信经营是现今社会主义经济制度的核心准则。企业的发展离不开信用的支撑,本文从企业的信用评级为契入点,对企业的评级流程和评估方式进行系统的探讨,以此规范市场管理,促进社会信用体系的建设。     

浅析次贷危机对我国信用评级的启示

美国次贷危机暴露出美国信用评级机构存在的严重问题,通过对美国信用评级机构的表现进行分析,指出我国信用评级机构还存在着缺乏客观、可信的评级资料;信用评级机构缺乏独立性和有效的监管体系;信用评级的相关立法工作明显滞后,缺乏统一的行业规范等问题.因此应大力发展评级机构,加强内部管理,拓宽业务范围;完善管理制度,促进行业发展;保持评级机构的独立性,建立资信评级行业协会,加强行业自律;科学界定信用等级的划分标准.     

Rating timing differences between the two leading agencies: Standard and Poor's and Moody's

This study examines the impacts of rating change timing differences between the two leading agencies, namely, Standard and Poor's and Moody's with particular focus on the stock market impact of Standard and Poor's Foreign Currency rating changes and Moody's Bonds and Notes rating changes. The analysis focuses on whether there is a rating change pattern between these agencies and undertakes a comparison of the impact of rating changes on the markets between single rating changes and joint rating changes. The paper equally determines whether rating changes induce different reactions depending on the level of rating. The findings indicate that in contrast to the results obtained in previous literature, rating change announcements do not impart additional information to the market. An interesting finding is that joint downgrades seem to impact on the market only in-between the announcement dates for the two agencies. In addition, the reason of the rating change needs to be taken into consideration to assess the stock market reaction to rating changes.     

Heterogeneity of sovereign rating migrations in emerging countries

This is a unique study of the relationship between emerging sovereign rating migrations and the sources of rating heterogeneity. It employs data from six international rating agencies and 90 emerging countries. Rating momentum is present, and we are the first to document that multiple-notch rating changes have greater impact on the probability of subsequent rating actions. Watchlist status is influential on migration probabilities, and dominates rating momentum in some cases. Rating duration, existing rating and issuer's domicile region are useful determinants in modelling the migration process. Notably, considerable inter-agency differences are revealed, suggestive of different rating processes being employed.     

View from practice: Stock market reaction to sukuk credit rating changes in Malaysia

Documented evidence on conventional bond markets shows negative market reaction to bond credit rating downgrade and no reaction to credit rating upgrade. Despite the fact that sukuk issuances make up more than 58.8% of the value of outstanding bonds in the country and Malaysia issues at least half of the world's sukuk and is widely recognized as a leader in the sukuk space, there is no documented evidence on the stock market reaction to sukuk credit rating changes. This study analyzed the wealth effect of sukuk credit rating changes in Malaysia using 16 sukuk upgrades and 20 sukuk downgrades for the period 2000–2014. The evidence shows negative market reaction to downgrades and positive significant reaction to sukuk rating upgrade. This symmetrical market reaction to sukuk credit rating changes implies the market was indifferent between bonds and sukuk from the credit rating perspective. This finding supports the notion that the credit rating agencies are Shariah‐neutral when rating these capital market instruments.     

An empirical examination of the informational content of credit ratings in China

We examine the certification effect of initial rating announcements and the signaling effect of rating downgrade announcements in China using a pooled time-series cross-sectional issuer rating data of 170 companies listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges from 2002 to July 2006. The empirical evidence supports our hypothesis of an asymmetric certification effect. Consistent with the literature, we also find some negative signaling effects in our rating downgrade sub-sample. Overall, although there are some qualitative arguments that credit ratings in China do not have information content, our empirical findings suggest otherwise. When a normally positively biased rating agency gives a low rating, it is valuable news to market participants.     

提高我国信用评级机构公信力所面临的问题及对策

目前,我国信用评级机构提高公信力方面存在的主要问题是:缺乏核心竞争力,收费经营模式存在缺陷,信用评级机构市场有效需求不足,监管和规范评级机构行业的法律法规滞后等。我国应提高信用评级机构的评级质量,加速改造目前存在利益冲突的商业模式,建立规范信用评级机构的监管制度和法律法规,从制度上引导内外评级相结合,刺激市场需求。     

宪法第一修正案保护下的美国信用评级机构 ——以司法判例为视角

传统上,美国信用评级机构主张评级报告属于涉及公共利益的意见,援引宪法第一修正案进行抗辩,实际恶意标准是最重要的保护手段。《2010年华尔街改革和消费者保护法》等法律法规的出台反映美国加强评级业监管的理念。虽然美国各级法院做法存在差异,但是现在普遍认为判断信用评级机构能否免责应基于自身在构建商事交易中的作用。作为商业言论的评级报告不一定能适用实际恶意标准,但是可以获得宪法第一修正案对于言论自由的其他保护。美国经验对中国信用评级机构法律责任的构建和司法审判具有借鉴意义。     

国际信用评级机构在危机中的行为分析及启示

以穆迪、标准普尔、惠誉为代表的信用评级机构在现代金融系统中扮演着重要角色。但在近年来的几次金融危机中,信用评级机构却因发放的信用评级不断丧失客观公正而广受质疑本文通过对评级机构的起源、经营、监管和所处市场环境的讨论,对其受质疑行为所产生的根源进行了分析,并由此引发出对我国信用评级业发展的一些启示。     

Retail services image measurement: an examination of the stability of a numerical comparative scale

The numerical comparative scale (NCS) is a multi-attribute measurement procedure in which the respondent provides simultaneous comparative ratings of multiple objects (i.e., alternative retail stores, products, etc.) using bipolar scales similar to semantic differential scales. Recent research indicates that scales requiring respondents to rate multiple retail stores on an attribute-by-attribute basis may be vulnerable to rating instability problems resulting from rating context effects. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to examine the evidence of this potential rating instability problem and to report the results of an experiment designed to test the numerical comparative rating scale under conditions that potentially produce context-induced rating instability. The findings indicate the scale is subject to problems of instability resulting from the multiple-store rating context, Based upon the findings, potential methods of increasing the stability of the scale are explored.     

浅谈企业信用评级方法

本文在阐述信用评级作用的基础上,基于对信用评级的科学性、准确性考虑,对企业信用评级方法进行评价,总结各方法的优缺点,并得出自己的观点。     

Is options trading informed? Evidence from credit rating change announcements

Using a sample of proactive credit rating changes, this study examines the information content of options trading before news events. Pre-event informed options trading predicts cumulative abnormal returns around credit rating change announcements. The predictability of options trading is more pronounced before announcements of more severe and surprising rating changes. Moreover, the information content of pre-event options trading is greater when the pre-event underlying stock market is less informational, when the options market is more liquid, and in the post–regulation fair disclosure period. Overall results are consistent with informed options trading before credit rating change announcements.