关于会计师事务所分所的法律地位问题

一,会计师事务所的法律地位问题 目前,对会计师事务所(以下简称事务所)分所的法律地位,行业内外有很多疑问,如有限责任事务所分所能否以自己的名义出具报告,其报告有无法律效力;一些地方的工商行政管理部门对分所出具的报告不予接受,有无法律依据,等等.     

试谈我国会计师事务所规模化发展的几种方式

我国财政部于２０００年３月２４日印发了《会计师事务所扩大规模若干问题的指导意见》，就会计师事务所扩大规模的指导思想、目的、应遵循的原则及扩大规模的方式提出了具体意见。同日，财政部又下发了《会计师事务所合并审批管理暂行办法》和《会计师事务所分所审批管理暂行办法》。这些规章的实施，为会计师事务所扩大规模提供了法律上的保障。而目前我国会计师事务所的现状和法律框架，现行有效的扩大会计师事务所规模的方式主要有以下五种，下面分别予以阐述。 一、兼并 兼并又称购买合并或吸收合并，是指某家综合实力较强的会计师事务…     

分所审计是否影响审计质量和审计收费?

随着注册会计师行业的扩大和分所的不断增加,分所的执业行为值得关注。我们采用2005—2008年会计师事务所分所数据,考察了会计师事务所总所和分所在审计质量和审计收费上的差异,以及分所规模大小对审计质量和审计收费的影响。结论总体上表明,会计师事务所分所的审计质量和审计收费更低,并且,规模越小的分所,其审计质量和审计收费越低。在此基础上,我们根据样本是否由十大会计师事务所审计,进行了分组检验,结果显示分所审计质量和审计收费更低主要体现在非十大会计师事务所上。     

分所设立模式影响审计质量吗?

目前中外审计学界针对会计师事务所的分所维度问题研究相对不足,基于我国证券业务资格会计师事务所的分所设立数据,考察不同模式设立分所如何影响审计质量。研究结果表明：相较于“直营”模式设立分所,“加盟”模式设立分所的审计质量整体较低。进一步剖析发现：在时间维度上,“加盟”模式与“直营”模式设立分所的审计质量差异现象主要存在于分所设立早期（前三年）;在空间维度上,基于规模效应视角与质控管理视角,事务所一体化治理水平越高,越能够缓解“直营”模式与“加盟”模式设立分所的审计质量差异,尤其是保障“加盟”模式设立分所的审计质量。本研究从设立模式的新视角拓展了分所治理问题研究,可为监管部门指引会计师事务所完善分所治理机制提供科学依据。     

有限责任合伙制：我国会计师事务所扩大规模的有效途径

会计师事务所的竞争能力、服务水平和承担风险能力在很大程度上取决于其规模的大小，一个会计师事务所，特别是中、小型会计师事务所，经过一段时间的相对平稳发展之后，就应当努力扩大自己的规模，以适应大规模才能范围更加广泛的服务，执业人员可以更加专业化，解决更为复杂的技术问题；可以在更大范围内分摊固定费用，相对降低成本开支。当然，会计师事务所扩大规模可以采用合并、设立分所、吸收专业人员等方式。本文仅从组织形式的角度，对我国会计师事务所如何扩大规模进行理论探讨。     

会计师事务所合并进程的回顾与展望

为了适应市场经济的发展和加入WTO后会计市场的进一步开放,近年来会计师事务所不断通过合并、设立分所等方式扩大规模,以增强事务所的竞争力.但许多事务所在合并过程中屡遭挫折,遇到这样那样的问题.本文拟对此进行一些回顾与展望,从中探求解决问题的有效办法.     

开展企业文化建设塑造立信长江文化

上海立信长江会计师事务所是2000年6月由立信会计师事务所和长江会计师事务所的注册会计师发起、经上海市财政局批准设立的。立信长江设立后,先后吸收合并上海大明所、信华所、锦科所等中小事务所;又分别吸收上会所、大华所、长信所等的部分注册会计师。随着人员不断增加,规模不断扩大,我们先后在海口、乌鲁木齐、苏州、珠海、杭州市设立分所。分所统一命名为上海立信长江会计师事务所XX分所。2004年底,海南分所改制为成员所——海南立信长江会计师事务所,独立承担法律责任。我所继承中国会计泰斗潘序伦先生倡导的“信以立志、信以守身、信以处事、信以待人”的准则,注重诚信建设和职业道德。     

注册会计师行业党建工作的实践与探索

1998年8月,深圳成立了全国第一个注册会计师行业党委。11年来,在深圳市民营工委的领导和中注协、市财政局党组的指导下,行业党委以邓小平理论和"三个代表"重要思想为指导,结合行业特点认真开展党建工作,较好地解决了党建工作和会计师事务所发展的关系问题,探索了党建工作的新思路。到2009年6月为止,市注册会计师行业党委已建立党总支1个,党支部42个,其中包括国际四大会计师事务所公司在深圳的分所设立的3个党支部,这是国内其他地方分所没有的;管理有正式组织关系党员1050名。实践证明,行业党建工作有效地促进了行业的管理,推动了行业的健康发展。在此介绍一下我们的主要做法和体会。     

设立个人独资会计师事务所探析

设立会计师事务所时,确立会计师事务所的组织形式成为一个关系事务所的法律责任的重要问题.由于注册会计师行业的特殊性,会计师事务所组织形式的选择与一般企业组织形式的选择存在较大差异.西方国家的会计师事务所大多数选择合伙制这一组织形式.本文认为,在我国市场经济体制逐步建立健全的过程中,设立个人独资会计师事务所有其必要性,同时,目前我国经济和法律的发展状况也具备了设立个人独资会计师事务所的可能性.     

会计师事务所党组织怎样发挥作用

参加今天的现场交流会,既是会计师事务所学习实践活动的又一个高潮,同时,它也是注册会计师政治地位得到提升的一个重要标志,是我们行业政治建设的一个新起点. 这绝不是一句空话、套话,而是我们事务所,大华德律会计师事务所江西分所,二十五年风雨历程的切身体会.     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.     

浅议金融机构的举证责任

金融纠纷案件是当事人以存单或进账单、对账单、存款合同、保险单、票据、证券等凭证为主要证据向人民法院提出诉讼的案件,对于不同种类金融纠纷的当事人的举证责任,我国现行的金融法律、法规及司法解释有不同的规定。由于金融机构的特殊法律地位,发生金融纠纷时存在有关当事人将最后偿付风险转移给金融机构承担的主观故意,在客观上会使金融机构难以提供相应的证据来对抗不法债权人的诉讼请求,而导致金融机构败诉。为此,对金融诉讼案件中金融机构的举证责任加以研究具有重要的实践意义。     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.