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1.
Financially significant relationships between corporations and non-profit organizations (NPOs) have increased in recent years.
NPOs offer access to interests and ideologies that are lacking within most for-profit organizations. These partnerships form
a unique bridge between for-profit and non-profit goals and offer significant potential to produce innovative ways of “doing
business by doing good.” Exploration of the structural implications of these relationships, however, has been limited. The
potential for ideological imbalance in these relationships, particularly for the NPO, has been poorly described. We explore
the structure of Corporate–NPO relationships from the NPO's perspective under high pressure conditions such as large relational
investments or negative pressure from stakeholders. Using data collected from 20 NPOs in Australia, we identified the use
by NPOs of both formal and informal governance mechanisms within their partnerships. These mechanisms acted to align and defend
important goals of the NPO. They allowed the NPO and their corporate partners to be simultaneously “together and apart.” Our
study offers important insight toward the study of cross-sector relationships and the role of governance mechanisms. 相似文献
2.
Interactions between corporations and nonprofits are on the rise, frequently driven by a corporate interest in establishing
credentials for corporate social responsibility (CSR). In this article, we show how increasing demands for accountability
directed at both businesses and NGOs can have the unintended effect of compromising the autonomy of nonprofits and fostering
their co-optation. Greater scrutiny of NGO spending driven by self-appointed watchdogs of the nonprofit sector and a prevalence
of strategic notions of CSR advanced by corporate actors weaken the ability of civil society actors to change the business
practices of their partners in the commercial sector. To counter this trend, we argue that corporations should embrace a political
notion of CSR and should actively encourage NGOs to strengthen “downward accountability” mechanisms, even if this creates
more tensions in corporate–NGO partnerships. Rather than seeing NGOs as tools in a competition for a comparative advantage
in the market place, corporations should actively support NGO independence and critical capacity. 相似文献
3.
Robert Strand 《Journal of Business Ethics》2009,85(Z1):179-185
This article examines corporate responsibility in the supply chains of four of the largest Scandinavian multinational corporations
– IKEA, Nokia, Novo Nordisk, and StatoilHydro – and offers two key findings. First, these Scandinavian companies have all
implemented responsible supply chain practices where suppliers in developing nations, and the communities of these suppliers,
are engaged as key stakeholders and treated as partners. Second, these supply chain practices all share the common bond of
having honesty and the establishment of trust-based relationships at their foundation. As a result, these Scandinavian companies
have developed a “cooperative advantage” in their ability to form successful, long-term partnerships in their respective supply
chains. 相似文献
4.
In this study, we aim to investigate how multinational corporations (MNCs) balance ethical pressures from both the home and
host countries. Drawing on theories from institutional theory, international business, and business ethics, we build a theoretical
framework to explain the ethical behavior of MNCs. We apply the institutional logic concept to examine how MNCs with established
logics and principles that have grown in the home country respond to local ethical expectations in the host country. We differentiate
the core values from the peripheral components of a MNC’s institutional logic and propose that a MNC will pursue distinctive
ethical strategies under different scenarios and choose the “right” configuration of core values and peripheral components
that align with institutional environment in host countries. 相似文献
5.
Alexander Brink 《Journal of Business Ethics》2010,93(4):641-651
While much has been written on specificity (e.g., in texts on new institutional economics, agency theory, and team production
theory), there are still some insights to be learnt by business ethicists. This article approaches the issue from the perspective
of team production, and will propose a new form of corporate governance: enlightened corporate governance, which takes into
consideration the specific investments of employees. The article argues that, in addition to shareholders, employees also
bear a residual risk which arises due to their specific investments. This residual risk presents a valid and legitimate basis
for residual claims. In this way, employees can be seen as residual claimants due to the fact that their income depends upon
a hazardous quasi rent. Therefore, this article will call on the fiduciary duty of board members to protect those employees
who are exposed to such residual risks and may thus be vulnerable as a result. This leads to a fundamental change of perspective
on the “theory of the firm” – a change which will adopt the theories of new institutional economics, agency theory, and team
production theory in order to promote business ethics research. Against this background, enlightened corporate governance
aims to follow the criterion of specific investments as a legitimate basis for residual claims. Furthermore, it seeks to understand
the consequences for board members, and to promote the sharing of control and ownership. The article will close with some
discussion of the implications and future prospects for business ethics. 相似文献
6.
Private Firms and Corporate Governance: An Integrated Economic and Management Perspective 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This article provides a definition of corporate␣governance and highlights the challenges in adapting understanding of governance
to the privately-held firm. We emphasize the need to develop the scope of governance in privately-held firms beyond the traditional
agency theory focus in the financial economics literature relating to large publicly-listed corporations. There is a need
to draw on and integrate an array of theoretical perspectives from both economics and other social science disciplines as
well. We present a schematic model of corporate governance which places the contributions presented in the special issue in
context and which serves as a guide to highlighting gaps in the research base. We review the principal issues relating to
corporate governance in privately-held firms which relate to: governance in different organizational contexts (institutional
context; the industrial sector within which the firm finds itself, the ownership context of the firm, and the stage within
the firm’s life-cycle); the scope of corporate governance; and other internal governance mechanisms to be considered We identify
areas for further research on corporate governance in privately-held firms with respect to processes of governance, organizational
contexts, assumptions about the owners, executive remuneration, financial reporting, the nature of the dependent variable
relating to the expected outcome of different approaches to governance and various methodological issues. We suggest a need
to develop governance codes for privately-held firms that are flexible enough to take account of the different types of governance
needs of firms at different stages in their life-cycle.
相似文献
7.
Shareholder activism has been largely neglected in the few available studies on corporate governance in sub Saharan Africa.
Following the recent challenges posed by the Cadbury Nigeria Plc, this paper examines shareholder activism in an evolving
corporate governance institutional context and identifies strategic opportunities associated with shareholders’ empowerment
through changes in code of corporate governance and recent developments in information and communications technologies in
Nigeria; especially in relation to corporate social responsibility in Nigeria. It is expected that the paper would contribute
to the scarce literature on corporate governance and accountability in Africa.
Olufemi Amao (LLM, Warwick; LLM, Ibadan, Nigeria; LLB, OAU, Nigeria; BA, Ilorin, Nigeria; BL, NLS) is a PhD candidate at the
Faculty of Law, University College Cork, Ireland. He is a recipient of the President PhD Scholarship and the Department of
Law Scholarship. His current research interests include Corporate Social Responsibility, Corporate Governance, Multinational
Corporations and Human Rights.
Kenneth Amaeshi is a Research Fellow at Warwick Business School. His research interests include commercialisation of intellectual
property assets; governance of global innovation networks; R&D partnerships; sustainable innovation; multinational corporations
and corporate social responsibility in developing economies. He is currently studying comparative political economy of corporate
stakeholding and corporate social responsibility. He is the 2007 winner of the International award for excellence in the field
of interdisciplinary social sciences, awarded by the international journal of interdisciplinary social sciences (Australia/USA). 相似文献
8.
The article offers a critical assessment of an article on “Corporate Legitimacy as Deliberation” by Guido Palazzo and Andreas
Scherer in this journal. We share the concern about the precarious legitimacy of globally active corporations, infringing
on the legitimacy of democracy at large. There is no quarrel with Palazzo/Scherer’s diagnosis, which focuses on the consequences
of globalization and ensuing challenges for corporate social responsibilities. However, we disagree with the “solutions” offered
by them. In a first step we refute the idea of a legitimacy of morals, maintaining that morality is a premodern mode of creating
legitimacy. Even worse, moral is becoming a dangerous commodity under conditions of fundamental global disagreements and antagonisms.
We secondly refute the concept of the “politicized corporation”, maintaining that Palazzo/Scherer disregard the consequences
of functional differentiation of modern societies and, in particular, disregard the wisdom of political restraint and constitutional
guarantees for the autonomy of different spheres of society. Finally, we refute a seemingly romantic notion of deliberation,
maintaining that deliberation and deliberative democracy is a worthy idea, which, however, has no place in the real world
of globalized contexts. On the other hand, we also find enough common ground and common concern with Palazzo/Scherer to validate
a fruitful discourse.
Prof. Dr. Helmut Willke holds a chair for State theory and Global Governance at the Department of Sociology of the University
of Bielefeld, Germany. He has published eighteen books, and in 1994 has been award the (German) Leibniz prize. His research
areas are systems theory, system governance, global governance and knowledge management.
Prof. Dr. Gerhard Willke is professor of economics at the University of Applied Sciences at Nuertingen, Germany. He has published
six books and numerous articles. His research areas are economic theory, theory of capitalism, political economy and employment
policy. 相似文献
9.
The Prospect of Infrastructure Public‐Private Partnerships in Kuwait,Saudi Arabia,and Qatar: Transforming Challenges into Opportunities 下载免费PDF全文
This article examines the prospect of using infrastructure public‐private partnerships (PPPs) within Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Qatar in light of the drastic drop in oil prices since mid‐2014. It argues that, while PPPs appear to be a strategic policy option for the three Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states to tackle growing fiscal deficits, these states are constrained by numerous governance‐related, administrative, and regulatory challenges that make PPPs problematic. Effective implementation of the inherently complex and contractual PPP policy requires addressing the existing institutional, economic, bureaucratic, and cultural constraints within these three states. This article concludes with recommendations to mitigate these challenges, that require serious political will and sufficient time to yield positive results, and to attract international investors and contractors to the Gulf region. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
10.
This study investigated whether employee perceptions of corporate social responsibility (CSR) were associated with the presence
of Corporate Psychopaths in corporations. The article states that, as psychopaths are 1% of the population, it is logical
to assume that every large corporation has psychopaths working within it. To differentiate these people from the common perception
of psychopaths as being criminals, they have been called “Corporate Psychopaths” in this research. The article presents quantitative
empirical research into the influence of Corporate Psychopaths on four perceptual measures of CSR and three further measures
of organizational commitment to employees. The article explains who Corporate Psychopaths are and delineates the measures
of CSR and organizational commitment to employees that were used. It then outlines the research conducted among 346 corporate
employees in Australia in 2008. The reliability of the instrument used is commented on favorably in terms of its statistical
reliability and its face and external validity. Results of the research are described showing the highly significant and negative
influence of Corporate Psychopaths on all of the measures of CSR and of organizational commitment to employees used in the
research. When Corporate Psychopaths are present in leadership positions within organizations, employees are less likely to
agree with views that: the organization does business in a socially desirable manner; does business in an environmentally
friendly manner and that the organization does business in a way that benefits the local community. Also, when Corporate Psychopaths
are present in leadership positions within organizations, employees are significantly less likely to agree that the corporation
does business in a way that shows commitment to employees, significantly less likely to feel that they receive due recognition
for doing a good job, to feel that their work was appreciated and to feel that their efforts were properly rewarded. The article
argues that academics and researchers in the area of CSR cannot ignore the influence of individual managers. This is particularly
the case when those managers have dysfunctional personalities, or are actually psychopaths. The article further argues that
the existence of Corporate Psychopaths should be of interest to those involved in corporate management and corporate governance
because their presence influences the way corporations are run and how corporations affect society and the environment. 相似文献
11.
Corporate governance guidelines are a mechanism that a firm can enact which should reduce agency costs and better align the
interests of boards and the suppliers of capital. This study examines stock price reactions primarily attributable to institutional
investors occurring when corporations announce the enactment of corporate governance guidelines. A final sample of 77 firms
was derived from the first announcement of corporate governance guidelines exclusive to the SEC-EDGAR database. The results
indicate that good governance does matter. Firms that announced the enactment of corporate governance guidelines experienced
increased stock prices following the announcements. There was an immediate (days 1–4) reaction for firms that provided all
or part of the guidelines’ substance; a delayed (days 8–10) reaction occurred for those firms that only referenced the guidelines’
enactment. Additionally, firms with either a potentially greater following or that had a previous history of acrimonious relations
with stakeholders were rewarded by the announcement of the enactment of guidelines. 相似文献
12.
Comprehensive regulatory changes brought on by recent corporate governance reforms have broadly redefined and re-emphasized
the roles and responsibilities of all the participants in a public company’s financial reporting process. Most notably, these
reforms have intensified scrutiny of corporate audit committees, whose role as protectors of investors’ interests now attracts
substantially higher visibility and expectations. As a result, audit committees face the formidable challenge of effectively
overseeing the company’s financial reporting process in a dramatically changed – and highly charged – corporate governance
environment. This paper discusses the new expectations of audit committee responsibilities and effectiveness in the wake of
corporate governance reforms, key challenges, “whistleblower” provisions and shortcomings, and provides some directions for
future research. 相似文献
13.
Jeff Hearn Marjut Jyrkinen Rebecca Piekkari Eeva Oinonen 《Journal of Business Ethics》2008,83(1):41-54
This article addresses the intersections, even blurrings, of two “homes” and two “aways” – the personal, ‹private’ home and
the corporate ‹public’ ‹away’, and the national home country and corporate base and the transnational work away. Drawing on
40 semi-structured interviews with women and men top and middle managers in seven multinational corporations located in Finland,
we examine the complex relations among transnational managerial work, corporate careers and personal, marriage and family-type
relations, and their differences for women and men managers. This shows the very different personal and social worlds inhabited
by senior women and men managers, and how transnational processes can make those differences even greater.
相似文献
Eeva OinonenEmail: |
14.
Globalization theories posit organizational convergence, suggesting that Codes of Ethics will become commonplace and include
greater consideration of global issues. This study explores the degree to which the Codes of Ethics of 157 corporations on
the Global 500 and/or Fortune 500 lists include the “third generation” of corporate social responsibility. Unlike first generation
ethics, which focus on the legal context of corporate behavior, and second generation ethics, which locate responsibility
to groups directly associated with the corporation, third generation ethics transcend both the profit motive and the immediate
corporate environment. Third generation ethics are grounded in responsibilities to the larger interconnected environment.
The results of the study suggest convergence, insofar as Codes of Ethics are becoming standard communication features of corporations
across region and industrial sector but still manifest a primary concern with profits and those behaviors which are mandated
by law. Only corporations headquartered in the European Union demonstrate a significant degree of global consciousness and
reflexivity. However, there is some evidence that third generation ethics and thinking are becoming part of the corporate
landscape. More then three quarters of the corporations made at least some reference to third generation ethics. 相似文献
15.
Thomas Maak 《Journal of Business Ethics》2008,82(2):353-368
In the years since Enron corporate social responsibility, or “CSR,” has become a ubiquitous phenomenon in both research and
business practice. CSR is used as an umbrella term to describe much of what is done in terms of ethics-related activities
in firms around the globe to such an extent that some consider it a “tortured concept” (Godfrey and Hatch 2007, Journal of Business Ethics
70, 87–98). Addressing this skepticism, I argue in this article that the focus on CSR is indeed problematic for three main reasons:
(1) the term carries a lot of historical baggage – baggage that is not necessarily conducive to the clarity of the concept;
(2) it is the object of increasing ethical instrumentalism; and (3) given the multiple ethical challenges that corporations
face, and given the fact that the “social” responsibilities of business are but one set of corporate responsibilities, a suitable
term would have to be more inclusive and integrative. I therefore suggests moving instead toward a sound definition of corporate integrity and aim in this article to develop a working definition by fleshing out “7 Cs” of integrity: commitment, conduct, content,
context, consistency, coherence, and continuity. I then discuss how these 7 Cs impact our understanding of CSR or, more broadly,
corporate responsibility in general.
相似文献
Thomas MaakEmail: |
16.
Carla CJM Millar Tarek I Eldomiaty Chong Ju Choi Brian Hilton 《Journal of Business Ethics》2005,59(1-2):163-174
This paper posits that differences in corporate governance structure partly result from differences in institutional arrangements
linked to business systems. We developed a new international triad of business systems:
the Anglo-American, the Communitarian and the Emerging system, building on the frameworks of Choi et al. (British Academy
of Management (Kynoch Birmingham) 1996, Management International Review 39, 257–279, 1999). A common factor determining the success of a corporate governance structure is the extent to which it is
transparent to market forces. Such transparency is more than pure financial transparency; as it can also be based on factors
such as governmental, banking and other types of institutional transparency mechanism. There may also be a choice for firms
to adopt voluntary corporate disclosure in situations where mandatory disclosure is not established. The Asian financial crisis
of 1997–1999 and the more recent corporate governance scandals such as Enron, Andersen and Worldcom in the United States and
Ahold and Parmalat in Europe show that corporate governance and business ethics issues exist throughout the world. As an illustration
we focus on Asia’s emerging1 markets, as, both in view of the pressure of globalization and taking into account the institutional arrangements peculiar
to the emerging business system, these issues are important there. Particularly for those who have to find an accommodation
between the corporate governance structures and disclosure standards of the Emerging system and those of the Anglo-American
and Communitarian systems. 相似文献
17.
American businesses and corporate executives are faced with a serious problem the loss of public confidence. Public criticism,
increased government controls, and growing expectations for improved financial performance and accountability have accompanied
this decline in trust. Traditional approaches to corporate governance, typified by agency theory and stakeholder theory, have
been expensive to direct and have focused on short-term profits and organizational systems that fail to achieve desired results.
We explain why the organizational governance theories are fundamentally, inadequate to build trust. We advance a conceptual
framework based on stewardship theory characterized by “covenantal relationships” and argue that design of governance mechanisms
using a covenantal approach is more effective in building trust in organizations. A covenantal relationship is a specialized
form of a relational contract between an employee and his or her organization. We argue that regardless of incentives and
control mechanisms carefully designed through contractual mechanisms, in the absence of covenantal relationships it is extremely
difficult to build trust within organizations. We propose that organizations are more likely to build trust – both at the
organizational level and at the interpersonal level – when they create reinforcing and integrated systems that honor implied
duties of “covenantal relationships.” 相似文献
18.
A normative criterion identifying the conditions for a desirable corporate reputation, “reputational optimality,” or “reputational
bliss,” is described, and a case developed for its utility and reasonableness as a criterion to apply to real world phenomena.
The paper discusses some behavioral patterns under alternative moral positions taken by observers and the firm, critiques
some alternative moral principles, and considers some dynamics of moving toward, defending and maintaining, and breaching
or breaking reputational bliss.
Barry M. Mitnick is Professor of Business Administration and of Public and International Affairs at the University of Pittsburgh.
His research interests center on failures in organizational control and the means by which desirable social outcomes can still
be obtained. He was an originator of the theory of agency, and has also written on government regulation, incentive systems,
implementation, corporate social performance, corporate political activity, corporate governance, and the concept of the public
interest. 相似文献
19.
The “justice of markets” is intricately connected to the treatment of the poor and the disadvantaged in market economies.
The increased interest of multinational corporations in low-income market segments affords, on one hand, the opportunity for
a more inclusive capitalism, and on the other, the threat of greater exploitation of poor and disadvantaged consumers. This
article traces the contributions of Catholic Social Teaching and its basic principles toward providing insight into what constitutes
“justice” in such “marketing to the impoverished” situations. 相似文献
20.
Urban communities in 21st century America are facing severe economic challenges, ones that suggest a mandate to contemplate
serious changes in the way America does business. The middle class is diminishing in many parts of the country, with consequences
for the economy as a whole. When faced with the loss of its economic base, any business community must make some difficult
decisions about its proper role and responsibilities. Decisions to support the community must be balanced alongside and against
responsibilities to owners, shareholders and relevant “stakeholders” in a relatively new context. Corporations in urban communities
“hollowed out” by white flight or urban sprawl must decide what level of support they can and should provide. This paper examines
corporate decisions within the emerging urban prosperity initiatives, using the framework of integrative social contract theory
proposed by Donaldson and Dunfee. We suggest that urban prosperity initiatives present a mandate on corporations sufficiently
strong as to qualify as an authentic norm. Further, we argue that strict adherence to a corporate bottom line approach or “corporate isolationism” is not congruent
with contemporary community standards.
Anita Cava is an Associate Professor of Business Law at the University of Miami’s School of Business Administration and serves
as Co-Director of the University of Miami’s Ethics Programs, a university-wide entity that promotes research, teaching and
service across the disciplines in areas of ethical interest and concern, and Director of Business Ethics Programs in the SBA.
Professor Cava received her B.A. with Distinction from Swarthmore College and her J.D. from New York University School of
Law, where she was a Hays Fellow. She joined the faculty after several years in private practice in Washington, D.C. and Miami.
Her experience ranged from national employment cases to commercial and consumer litigation. Professor Cava’s teaching specialties
are the legal environment of business and business ethics; here research interests concern legal and ethical aspects of healthcare
administration, business ethics and employment issues. She has published in law reviews and business journals on such topics
as “Advance Directives: Taking Control of End of Life Decisions,” “Law, Ethics and Management: Toward an Effective Audit”
and “The Collision of Rights and s Search for Limits: Free Speech in the Academy and Freedom from Sexual Harassment of Campus”.
Recipient of several School of Business Administration Excellence in Teaching Awards, Anita Cava was honored in 1996 by a
University-wide Excellence in Teaching Award. She regularly teaches in UM’s well-known Executive MBA Program and has received
Teaching Awards from these adult students as well. A frequent speaker on the topic of Business Ethics and Corporate Compliance,
Professor Cava’s audiences have included community groups, management trainees, top executives of several corporations, the
Greater Miami Chamber of Commerce Goals Conference and Leadership Florida, among others.
Don Mayer teaches ethics, legal environment of business, and environmental law at Oakland University in Rochester, Michigan.
He is a full professor in the Department of Management and Marketing at the School of Business. He attended Duke University
Law School (J.D., 1973) and Georgetown University Law Center (Master of International and Comparative Law, 1985) and practiced
law in North Carolina from 1975–1990 after serving in the United States Air Force from 1973–75. He has taught as a visiting
professor at the University of Michigan, California Polytechnic State University, and the University of Iowa. He has been
at Oakland University since 1990 and served as Associate Dean in 2000 and 2001. Professor Mayer has published in related areas
of international law, environmental law, and corporate ethics. Recent publication include “Fort’s ‘Business as Mediating Institution’-A
Holistic View of Corporate Governance and Ethics,” in 41 American Business Law Journal (Summer 2004), “Yes! We Have No Bananas:
Forum Non Conveniens and Corporate Evasion,” Academy of Legal Studies International Business Law Review, vol. 4, at 130 (2004),
and “Corporate Governance in the Cause of Peace: An Environmental Perspective,” Vanderbilt Transnational Law Journal, Vol.
35, No. 2 (March 2002). An article on corporate free speech and the Nike v. Kasky case is forthcoming in the Business Ethics
Quarterly. 相似文献