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1.
The Meaning of Entrepreneurship: A Modular Concept 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
Michael Peneder 《Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade》2009,9(2):77-99
Entrepreneurship has been characterised as one of the most intriguing but equally elusive concepts in economics. This critical
review first surveys its major intellectual roots and then proposes a modular concept of entrepreneurship that preserves essential
distinctions along its behavioural, functional, and occupational dimensions. It argues that the behavioural definition identifies
the only attribute that is both comprehensive and unique to the nature of entrepreneurship, while the functional and occupational
definitions add the specificity required for many analytical purposes. To validate the concept, the paper discusses the appropriate
empirical units of observation and maps a general policy framework.
相似文献
Michael PenederEmail: |
2.
Scott A. Shane is the 2009 winner of the Global Award for Entrepreneurship Research. In this article we discuss and analyze Shane’s most important contributions to the field of entrepreneurship. His contribution
is extraordinarily broad in scope, which makes it difficult to pinpoint one or a few specifics that we associate with Shane’s
scholarship. Instead, they can be summarized in the following three points. First, he has influenced what we view as central aspects of entrepreneurship. Shane has been a leading figure in redirecting the focus on entrepreneurship
research itself. Second, he has influenced how we view entrepreneurship. Shane’s research is arguably theory driven and it applies and develops theoretical lenses that
greatly improve our understanding of entrepreneurship. Third, he has contributed to how we conduct entrepreneurship research. Shane has been a forerunner in examining relevant units of analysis that are difficult to sample;
research designs and databases specifically designed for studying entrepreneurial processes; and sophisticated analytical
methods. This has contributed to advancing the methodological rigor of the field. Summing them up, the contributions are very
impressive indeed.
相似文献
Johan WiklundEmail: |
3.
Entrepreneurship in post-socialist economies: A typology and institutional contexts for market entrepreneurship 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Nir Kshetri 《Journal of International Entrepreneurship》2009,7(3):236-259
There is growing recognition among post-socialist (PS) economies that free-market entrepreneurship is essential for ultimately
improving their economic future. The promotion of market entrepreneurship, however, has been a challenging experience for
these economies. This paper examines various forms of entrepreneurship in PS economies. Drawing upon the institutional theory,
we also highlight the clear contexts and attendant mechanisms associated with institutions–entrepreneurship nexus in PS economies’
contexts.
相似文献
Nir KshetriEmail: |
4.
The knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Zoltan J. Acs Pontus Braunerhjelm David B. Audretsch Bo Carlsson 《Small Business Economics》2009,32(1):15-30
Contemporary theories of entrepreneurship generally focus on the recognition of opportunities and the decision to exploit
them. Although the entrepreneurship literature treats opportunities as exogenous, the prevailing theory of economic growth
suggests they are endogenous. This paper advances the microeconomic foundations of endogenous growth theory by developing
a knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship. Knowledge created endogenously results in knowledge spillovers, which allow
entrepreneurs to identify and exploit opportunities.
相似文献
Bo CarlssonEmail: |
5.
Several drivers of entrepreneurial aspirations and entrepreneurial motivations are investigated using country-level data from
the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) for the years 2005 and 2006. We estimate a two-equation model explaining aspirations
using motivations and socioeconomic variables, and explaining motivations using socioeconomic variables. We find that countries
with a higher incidence of increase-wealth-motivated entrepreneurs tend to have a higher prevalence of high-job-growth and
export-oriented entrepreneurship and that a country’s level of social security relates negatively to the prevalence of innovative,
high-job-growth, and export-oriented entrepreneurship. We also find that the increase-wealth motive mediates the relationship
between socioeconomic variables and entrepreneurial aspirations.
相似文献
Jolanda HesselsEmail: |
6.
The purpose of this study is to determine whether there are cross-cultural differences between Chinese and Canadian business
students with respect to their assessment of the ethicality of various business behaviors. Using a sample of 147 business
students, the results indicate cultural crossvergence; the Chinese (72 students) and Canadians (75 students) exhibit different
ethical attitudes toward questionable business practices at the individual level but not at the corporate level. A social
desirability bias (a tendency to deny socially unacceptable actions and to admit to socially desirable ones) is also found
to be a cross-cultural phenomenon, with the Canadians demonstrating a greater bias than the Chinese. Finally, this bias causes
respondents to increase their assessment of the un-ethicality of questionable business activities.
相似文献
Paul DunnEmail: |
7.
Avoiding aggregation bias in demand estimation: A multivariate promotional disaggregation approach 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Steven Tenn 《Quantitative Marketing and Economics》2006,4(4):383-405
Demand models produce biased results when applied to data aggregated across stores with heterogeneous promotional activity. We show how to modify extant aggregate demand frameworks to avoid this problem. First a consumer-level model is developed, which is then integrated over the heterogeneous stores to arrive at aggregate demand. Our approach is highly practical since it requires only standard scanner data of the type produced by the major vendors. Using data for super-premium ice cream, we apply the proposed methodology to the random coefficients logit demand framework.
相似文献
Steven TennEmail: |
8.
A theoretical grounding and test of the GEM model 总被引:1,自引:5,他引:1
The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor model combines insights on the allocation of effort into entrepreneurship at the national
(adult working-age population) level with literature in the Austrian tradition. The model suggests that the relationship between
national-level new business activity and the institutional environment, or Entrepreneurial Framework Conditions, is mediated
by opportunity perception and the perception of start-up skills in the population. We provide a theory-grounded examination
of this model and test the effect of one EFC, education and training for entrepreneurship, on the allocation of effort into
new business activity. We find that in high-income countries, opportunity perception mediates fully the relationship between
the level of post-secondary entrepreneurship education and training in a country and its rate of new business activity, including
high-growth expectation new business activity. The mediating effect of skills perception is weaker. This result accords with
the Kirznerian concept of alertness to opportunity stimulating action.
相似文献
Erkko AutioEmail: |
9.
The article makes three contributions to the economics literature on entrepreneurship. We offer a new measure of entrepreneurship
which accounts for variations in persistence in self-employment and as a result avoids the weakness of approaches which categorise
an individual as an entrepreneur by observing their occupation at just one point in their career. We outline an econometric
methodology to account for this approach and find, via a statistical test of model selection, that it is superior to probit/logit
models, which have dominated the literature. While our results indicate that this existing literature is good at explaining
an individual’s propensity to try self-employment, we find that entrepreneurial persistence is determined by a different model and unearth some new insights. Early self-employment encourages entrepreneurial persistence.
For men, inheritance encourages persistence, and facilitates initial self-employment. Having a self-employed father as a role
model makes sons persist longer. However, somewhat surprisingly, early experience of unemployment does not affect the probability
of self-employment, while reducing persistence. The popular ‘unemployment push effect’ is thus rejected in our sample.
相似文献
Michael A. NolanEmail: |
10.
Entrepreneurship,economic development and institutions 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2
This paper is an introduction to the special issue from the 3rd Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Research Conference held in
Washington, D.C., in 2008. The paper has three objectives. First, to discuss the importance of the three stages of economic
development, the factor-driven stage, the efficiency-driven stage and the innovation-driven stage. Second, to examine the empirical evidence on the relationship between stages of economic development and entrepreneurship.
Third, to present a summary of the papers in the context of the theory.
相似文献
Jolanda HesselsEmail: |
11.
Business Ethics Training: Insights from Learning Theory 总被引:1,自引:3,他引:1
John A. Weber 《Journal of Business Ethics》2007,70(1):61-85
This paper explores research in educational psychology and learning theory in a search for insights to enhance business ethics
training Useful educational principles uncovered are then applied to the development of an ethics training initiative for
sales professionals. The paper concludes with suggestions for future research to help enrich business ethics training.
相似文献
John A. WeberEmail: |
12.
Julio García del Junco José Manuel Brás-dos-Santos 《Journal of International Entrepreneurship》2009,7(2):135-162
Little research has analyzed the similarities or differences between entrepreneurs from different European Union countries.
The European Union is a single market, but also an international business arena where the entrepreneurs from any member state
can make their first move in the direction of internationalizing their business. This work presents an exploratory study of
the personal values and attitudes of European entrepreneurs based on a cross-cultural analysis of entrepreneurs from Germany,
Italy, and Spain. The analysis uses Hofstede’s model to study the cultural and social values of these entrepreneurs, and their
personal values have emerged from case studies. The results show that the entrepreneurs of the three different nationalities
share a similar pattern of personal values. These findings are discussed and proposals for further empirical research suggested.
相似文献
José Manuel Brás-dos-SantosEmail: |
13.
In this paper, we explore the impact of individualism and collectivism on three basic aspects of ethical decision making –
the perception of moral problems, moral reasoning, and behavior. We argue that the inclusion of business practices within
the moral domain by the individual depends partly upon individualism and collectivism. We also propose a pluralistic approach
to post-conventional moral judgment that includes developmental paths appropriate for individualist and collectivist cultures.
Finally, we argue that the link between moral judgment and behavior is related to individualism and collectivism.
相似文献
David B. AllenEmail: |
14.
Israel M. Kirzner 《Small Business Economics》2009,32(2):145-152
Israel M. Kirzner is the 2006 winner of The International Award for Entrepreneurship and Small Business Research (the FSF-Nutek Award). In this Prize Lecture he argues that a number of those who have commented on his work have misunderstood
certain aspects of his theoretical system, and as a result the common distinction in the literature between “Schumpeterian”
and “Kirznerian” entrepreneurs is flawed. He also argues that his understanding of the market process (set in motion by entrepreneurial
decisions) provides a theoretical underpinning for public policy vis-à-vis entrepreneurship. Professor Kirzner’s main contributions
to the economics of entrepreneurship were also presented and evaluated by Douhan et al. [Small Business Economics 29(1–2):213–223,
2007].
相似文献
Israel M. KirznerEmail: |
15.
In this paper, we compare two datasets designed to measure entrepreneurship: The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) dataset
and the World Bank Group Entrepreneurship Survey (WBGES) dataset. We find a number of important differences when the data
are compared. First, GEM data tend to report significantly higher levels of early stage entrepreneurship in developing economies
than do the World Bank business entry data, while the World Bank business entry data tend to be higher than GEM data for developed
countries. Second, we find that the magnitude of the difference between the datasets across countries is related to the local
institutional and environmental conditions for entrepreneurs, after controlling for levels of economic development. Our findings
suggest that entrepreneurs in developed countries have greater ease and incentives to incorporate, both for the benefits of
greater access to formal financing and labor contracts, as well as for tax and other purposes not directly related to business
activities.
相似文献
Leora F. KlapperEmail: |
16.
This paper discusses the nature of financial business relationships by drawing on the IMP Group’s theory of industrial relationships.
It discusses, among other aspects, the interaction process between banks and their corporate clients, the longevity of relationships,
the interdependence between both sides, and the atmosphere of financial services relationships. The conclusions are thought
to be interesting and useful for the managers of firms and financial services when setting relationship marketing policies
and for academic research on business-to-business services relationships. The field research was done in Portugal and the
case method was used.
相似文献
Luís M. de CastroEmail: |
17.
The research reported in this article develops a model for assessing the cost of banking services faced by small businesses.
The lack of price competition in the provision of small business banking services combined with limited transparency concerning
actual fee levels prevents small businesses from readily estimating likely fee levels. Prior research and government reports
note the difficulties faced by small business in relation to banking services and this research contributes to an understanding
of the potential dead weight losses incurred resulting from poor signalling and information asymmetry and potentially a deficient
public policy framework.
相似文献
Stuart LockeEmail: |
18.
Why are some entrepreneurs more innovative than others? 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
Philipp Koellinger 《Small Business Economics》2008,31(1):21-37
Entrepreneurs differ in the degree and type of novelty that they introduce to the economy. This study provides theoretical
insights and empirical evidence on the emergence of entrepreneurial innovativeness. The results suggest that entrepreneurial
innovativeness depends both on individual factors and on the environment in which the individual acts. In particular, high educational attainment, unemployment, and a high degree
of self-confidence are significantly associated with entrepreneurial innovativeness at the individual level. Furthermore,
the distribution of innovative and imitative entrepreneurship varies across countries. Entrepreneurs in highly developed countries
are significantly more likely to engage in innovative rather than purely imitative activities. The theoretical approach of
this study combines a judgment and decision making framework with factors that contribute towards the individual perception
of decision alternatives. Data used in the empirical analysis originate from the 2002–2004 adult population surveys of the
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, yielding a sample of 9,549 nascent entrepreneurs from 30 different countries.
相似文献
Philipp KoellingerEmail: |
19.
Deli Yang Mahmut Sonmez Derek Bosworth Gerald Fryxell 《Journal of Business Ethics》2009,87(2):269-283
This paper identifies that Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has a negative effect on software piracy rates in
addition to consolidating prior research that economic development and the cultural dimension of individualism also negatively
affect piracy rates. Using data for 59 countries from 2000 to 2005, the findings show that economic well-being, individualism
and technology development as measured by ICT expenditures explain between 70% and 82% of the variation in software piracy
rates during this period. The research results provide important implications for policy makers and business practitioners
to help reduce software piracy.
相似文献
Gerald FryxellEmail: |
20.
Prof. Dr. Dres. h.c. Arnold Picot Dr. Oliver Baumann 《Business & Information Systems Engineering》2009,1(1):62-69
Information and communication systems (ICS) impact their organizational environment in significant ways; hence, the design,
implementation, and use of ICS are inseparably linked to fundamental issues of organizational design and behavior. Current
research in the field of business and information systems engineering (BISE), however, is primarily technology- or practice-oriented
and concerned with the construction and validation of prototypes, whereas little attention is paid to theoretical insights
into organizational phenomena and relationships. In this paper, we argue that paying more attention to organization theory
would provide valuable guidance in addressing the close links between ICS on the one hand, and organizational systems on the
other. To support our argument, we refer to selected theoretical perspectives and highlight their potential relevance to the
BISE field.
相似文献
Oliver Baumann (Corresponding author)Email: |