学分制下的高校考试制度改革研究

学分制的推行涉及高校的教育教学改革,它符合新时期人才培养的需要。考试制度是保证学分制顺利实施的重要措施之一。考试制度是高等教育的一项重要制度,也是高等教育体制创新的重要内容。考试制度会因其考试内容的确定和标准的掌握,影响到学校为社会培养的人才质量。改革现行考试制度应坚持考试形式的多样性、过程性、坚持考试管理的科学性、规范性;考试考核题型多样化,成绩评定科学化;重视考试结果分析。     

Work and Wages at a Melbourne Factory,the Guest Biscuit Works 1870–1921

The story of wages in nineteenth‐ and early twentieth‐century Australia has largely been told through official published statistics and the experiences of skilled artisans and construction labourers. Utilising wage book data from an early successful manufacturing plant – a biscuit factory – we reveal the earning histories of several neglected groups of Australian workers. We specifically investigate the effects of the 1890s depression, the introduction of a wages board, and shifting demographics on the wages of unskilled factory hands, women, juvenile workers, and commercial clerks. We demonstrate that typical Australian wage series studies have misinterpreted the impact of these phenomena.     

国外高等院校创业教育的经验借鉴

发达国家的经验表明,推广“创业教育”是创业活动得以顺利开展的重要条件,在这方面高等院校责无旁贷。国外高等院校创业教育已经发展60多年,呈现出条件优越、体系完善、改革深入的发展特点。而我国高等院校创业教育仅仅开展10余年,尚处于起步的探索阶段。因此,在我国高等院校创业教育的推进过程中,应该借鉴国外的发展经验和实施模式,并结合我国基本国情和高校具体现状,进行我国高等院校创业教育模式和措施的本土化探索。     

以创新思维构建高校体育教育新体系

思想创新、目标创新、制度创新、管理创新和内容创新是高校体育教育的核心。这五个方面的创新,对高校体育教育新体系的建立与发展具有决定性的作用。通过这五个方面的创新与再造,逐步建立健康化、人文化、个性化、科学化、时代化的高校体育教育新体系,为高校教育事业和社会体育事业服务,扩展高校体育教育的社会服务功能。     

Patenting and the supply of inventive ideas in colonial Australia: evidence from Victorian patent data

One of the least studied aspects of Australian economic history is technological change. This article addresses the subject by using patent statistics from nineteenth–century Victoria to examine the determinants of the supply of inventive ideas in the late colonial era. Such an examination indicates that, while both demand– and supply–side features clearly had roles to play in influencing the volume of ideas that emerged, it was the expansion and diversification of Australian markets in the latter half of the century that was most important. These findings also suggest that development and introduction of new technological ideas in pre–Federation Australia were predominantly economic activities shaped by local considerations.     

Why Governments Should Invest More to Educate Girls

Women and men often receive the same percentage increase in their wage rates with advances in schooling. Because these returns decline with more schooling, the marginal returns for women will tend to exceed those for men, especially in countries where women are much less educated. The health and schooling of children are more closely related to their mother's education than father's. More educated women work more hours in the market labor force, broadening the tax base and thereby potentially reducing tax distortions. These three conditions, it is argued, justify the disproportionate allocation of public expenditures toward women's education.     

论司法考试对法学教育的影响及大学法学教育改革

我国统一的司法考试制度已实施二年多时间 ,有必要审视一下该制度运行的状况 ,以便继续推进法律从业者培养制度改革。我国大学法学教育亟需进行改革 ,尤其要重建大学法学教育中的实习制度 ,解决我国法学教育中长期存在的理论与实践相脱节的问题 ,以完善我国法律从业者培养制度 ,造就合格的法律人才     

Black abortion demand

Conclusion This study estimates the demand for abortion by black women. The empirical results find that black abortion demand is price inelastic, negatively related to unemployment conditions, and positively related to the presence of state Medicaid and a college education. These results are consistent with the findings in prior studies of all childbearing women. The only two findings at odds with those of all childbearing women were that black women's abortion demands are considerably more responsive to changes in income and do not depend on marital status.     

黑龙江省高校教育经费配置结构与效益分析

高校扩招以来,师生规模不断扩大,经费配置速度却没有跟上规模扩大的速度,经费不足问题比较严重。如何向有限的教育经费要效益,已成为高校促进自身健康发展的关键。通过对黑龙江省高校经费投入情况、经费支出情况以及高校经费配置效益的分析,得出黑龙江省教育经费存在政府投入不足、经费配置不均衡以及高校经费支出比例不合理等问题,并提出了相应的对策。     

考核导向作用下增强高校思想政治理论课教学实效性的探讨

高校思想政治理论课是智育性与德育性的统一体,是对大学生进行思想政治教育的主渠道。考核在高校思想政治理论课教学中具有导向作用。以考核改革为导向,转变理念,变知识考核为综合素质考核;改革考核方式,建立科学、合理的考核评价体系;注重平时考核,构建有利于考核方式改革的教学模式;丰富考核内容,侧重综合能力考核,切实增强高校思想政治理论课教学的实效性。     

移动学习与高校实验课程整合研究

通过对当前高校教育形式和实验课程学习特点的分析，提出将移动设备引入到高校实验课程的教学过程中。移动学习方式的引入，可以更好地适应当前高等教育形式和改革需求。文中重点论述了移动学习与实验课程整合过程中的学习资源平台建设原则和移动学习活动设计的对话框架。在实践教学过程中，该方法的应用可以更好地提高课堂教学效率，有效地延展学...     

高校创业教育的运行体制探讨

创业教育的运行体制在高校的创业教育中起着至关重要的作用。为了更好地开展创业教育，很多高校对创业教育的运行体制做过不同的尝试，取得了很多有价值的经验。从剖析各高校开展创业教育所采用的运行体制入手，揭示当前高校创业教育运行体制中存在的突出问题，有针对性地提出高校有效开展创业教育所应采取的运行体制构建模式。     

多学科交叉融合下理工科高校“双创”教育质量评价

创新创业教育是高校培养高素质人才的必要前提，如何提高“双创”教育最终成效是理工科高校亟待解决的问题。基于多学科交叉融合理念，结合地方高校“双创”教育的应用现状，构建“双创”教育质量评价的投入-产出指标体系，应用三阶段数据包络模型测度“双创”教育的执行效率。选取全国15所高校257份有效数据进行实证分析，研究表明，融合式“双创”教育在多学科应用背景下可以有效促进理论与实践知识的转化，提升创新创业长效发展机制，健全高校“双创”教育生态系统。     

社会资金捐赠者捐赠意愿及提升路径研究

随着高等教育大众化浪潮和高等教育成本的上升,经费问题成为高校发展的共同难题,高校社会捐赠越来越得到人们的重视。但是该如何提高社会捐赠主体对学校的捐赠还相对模糊,采用结构方程模型构建了捐赠意愿影响因素模型,研究感激、信任和管理完善度是如何及在何种程度上影响捐赠主体的捐赠意愿,通过单因素方差分析,研究校庆是否会影响捐赠意愿。通过研究结论提出提升社会主体捐赠意愿的途径。     

Do Business Cycles Affect State Appropriations to Higher Education?

Spending on higher education constitutes an important and increasing portion of state government spending and a major source of operating funds at public institutions of higher education. Anecdotal evidence suggests that state appropriations are subject to cyclical variation. An analysis of state appropriations to higher education, enrollment in two- and four-year public colleges and universities, and state-specific measures of the business cycle for all 50 states over the period 1969-1994 shows that state appropriations to higher education are highly sensitive to changes in the business cycle. A 1% change in real per capita income was, on average, associated with a 1.39% change in real state appropriations per full-time equivalent student enrolled. This implied decline in state government funding, coupled with the increase in enrollment in higher education during recessions reported by Betts and McFarland (1995), suggest that public institutions of higher education may experience fiscal stress during economic downturns. These results also suggest that state legislators and education policymakers should reconsider their higher education funding policies during recessions in order to allow public colleges and universities to provide dislocated workers with access to quality education and training during these periods.     

Gender Inequality in Employment in Mozambique

We investigate the gender employment gap in the expanding non‐subsistence sector of the economy in Mozambique, a country still characterized by a large subsistence agricultural sector. We show evidence that the gender gap has widened over time and we identify two structural factors strongly associated with it. One factor is the still relatively lower level of female human capital, with less attained education, as well as literacy and Portuguese proficiency rates. The lower conditional employment probabilities of married women, as compared with men, is the other factor. These findings point at expanding women´s education and facilitating the access of married women to the emerging labour market as the most effective ways of achieving a more inclusive growth path that does not leave women behind.     

Gender Difference in Returns to Education Independent of Gender Wage Gap in Korea*

This study examined the difference between male and female groups’ return on investment (ROI) in education independent of the average gender wage gap. Women’s additional ROI in education was significant and positively estimated. Furthermore, the ROI in women’s education was consistently higher than that in men regardless of educational stage, except for graduate education. These gender differences were greater in the younger generation than in the older generation and have decreased significantly in the recent ten years in high school education. Although the additional ROI in women’s education was positive in the field of culture and arts, education’s effect on wage increases in professional occupations was less than in men, especially in the fields of law and medicine. In addition, we show that gender differences in ROI in education were countercyclical. A base effect, large wage declines for low‐educated women during recessions, could explain this phenomenon. However, coinciding with the existence of positive cash flow news in the stock market that promises good business performance, a significant wage increase among highly educated women was found.     

Towards the Entrepreneurial University

The article analyses the emergence and evolution of universities towards a more entrepreneurial model. The emergence of such a new entrepreneurial mission, incremental in relation to the more traditional and consolidated ones of education and research, determines the direct involvement of universities in the exploitation of research results, more intense collaborations with industry and involvement in regional economic development. It is argued, nonetheless, that both old and new performance indicators have to be defined in order to monitor both positive and negative consequencies of changes which are taking place in university missions and strategies.     

高校财政性研发经费投入产出效率实证研究——以河南省21所高校为例

高校财政性科研经费投入产出效率是政府财政投入的重要参考依据。本文以河南省高校科研投入与产出的截面数据为例,采用数据包络分析(Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA)模型对不同层次的21所高校财政性经费投入与产出效率进行了评价。结果表明：12所高校科研投入产出效率DEA有效;1所弱DEA有效的大学存在投入规模偏大且规模递减,综合技术效率未达到最优;8所非DEA有效高校未达到综合技术效率最优,但都处于规模递增状态。弱DEA有效大学的规模不宜扩大,更应注重科研产出与成果转化;非DEA有效样本高校可以增加科研投入规模,改善科研激励机制,加强人才引进力度,积极推动科研产出的增长。研究结果可以为高校发展和政府财政性科研经费分配提供有益参考。     

浅谈高职院校语文教学与人文教育

随着社会的进步和发展,高职院校更加关注学生的综合素质,特别是人文素质。加强人文素质教育也是我国高等教育改革的需要。本文阐述了高职语文的教学模式及实施人文教育的必要性和特点。