开发区产业集聚及产—城融合研究——以乐清市为例

国家开发区多以"一区多园"空间布局及形态组织。在新型城镇化、新型工业化、信息化、农业现代化和服务产业化等融合发展背景下,研究以乐清市产业园区为例,通过GIS空间网络和UCINET社会关系网络的技术手段,研究区域内产业园区的集聚形态→园区间联系→园区建设的空间效应(产—城融合)。结论如下:①乐清市开发区内各园区的产业集聚水平存在较大差异,集聚形态以串珠型、组团型、条带型、V字形等空间形态为主。②各产业集聚区两两联系强度差异性较大,其中产业链条上的联系弥补了时空距离联系的相对松散性。时空联系中联系紧密程度决定于道路等级而不是道路密度。③从产—城融合阶段来看,6大集聚区处于不同的产—城融合阶段和融合模式。     

西部欠发达地区城市化进程的经济动因分析

工业化是城市化的根本源动力,城乡收入真实的差异和能否在城市获得稳定收入是人口形成乡--城流动的经济动因,而产业集聚是推动城市化进程和促进区域发展的内生经济动因.在非均衡的大国经济发展中,城市化进程也由于地区间的差异呈现出非均衡性.从欠发达地区城市化进程的经济动因的理论和实证分析都表明,我国西部欠发达地区城市化进程中出现"滞后城市化"、"教育滞后"、"经营城市过度"等偏差现象.     

产城融合:提高国家整体竞争力的一种新模式

单一规划城市功能产业园区、科技园的传统模式,导致城市"宜居"与"宜业"矛盾突出,出现了一个个产业上的"空城"、生活上的"卧城",呈现交通"潮汐化"状态。而"产城融合"模式则令人耳目一新。所谓"产城融合",是以城市为基础,产业与城市融合发展,以产业为保障,驱动城市更新和完善服务配套,以达到产业、城市与人之间有活力地持续向上发展的一种新模式。"产城融合"就是以吸引高素质人群为本,集实体产业发展、创新集群导入、完整     

开发区土地出让时空演变特征及空间政策效应研究——基于“开发区—土地”空间经济微观数据的分析

优化开发区土地要素配置水平，提高开发区土地要素供给精准度，是推动开发区高质量发展的重要举措。通过采取空间叠置分析等方法，构建中国国家级开发区区块层面的“开发区—土地”空间经济微观数据集，系统刻画开发区土地出让行为并识别其空间政策效应，结果表明：第一，开发区土地出让价格、市场化程度、项目质量不断提升，土地利用用途结构趋于多元化；第二，高行政等级城市的开发区土地价格更高且差距不断扩大，产城融合型开发区服务和居住功能土地供应比重不断提高，工业主导型开发区产业用地供给持续增加，区内土地配置不断向重点产业和高技术产业行业倾斜；第三，开发区政策显著提高了区内土地出让价格水平、市场化程度，以及项目质量，同时开发区政策存在一定空间溢出效应。应充分发挥开发区集聚引导作用，注重开发区在土地要素价格、市场化程度、土地项目质量方面的空间外溢效应，持续推进开发区内土地要素配置市场化改革，实施基于功能导向的差异化土地供应策略，扩大开发区土地要素向重点产业行业配置规模。     

浦东新区的极化开发与社会极化

极化开发往往能吸引大量资本、技术、劳动力等生产要素的集聚,从而形成这些生产要素的"辐合流场".但在极化开发背景下,也会产生社会极化现象,造成城市社会贫富阶层收入差异的拉大.作为中国强力开发的浦东新区,不仅出现了人口、人才和资本等生产要素的极化,而且也出现了城市不同阶层贫富收入拉大等社会极化问题.浦东新区社会极化主要是城市功能转变、生产要素集聚和经济全球化影响三个因素造成的.     

多中心职住共生模式识别——以北京市为例

北京疏解非首都核心功能的关键是促进外围次中心地区产城融合.借用共生原理,基于街道乡镇空间单元,分析北京中心城区与外围新区、外围各中心与本地居住与就业共生模式.结果表明,通过产业转移比迁移人口更有利于产城融合多中心的形成.昌平和大兴是非首都核心功能主要疏解地;顺义通过产业园区扩充带动居住;怀柔城区通过增强居住密度带动产业;密云和房山通过人口聚集带动产业;门头沟、平谷和延庆还不具备产城融合条件.     

中国的产城融合发展及对城市新区建设的启示

城市新区发展中的一个重要问题是产城融合。在中国城市新区建设中,产业发展与城市发展不能有机融合的现象非常突出,造成社会资源的极大浪费、社会服务的基础薄弱和城市主体功能不强、职住分离严重、进入行业难以达到预期等一系列问题。中国城市新区的产城融合也积累了一些有代表性的成功模式,比如工业园区转型模式、卧城转型模式、平地造城模式等。其他地区的城市新区建设可以借鉴这些模式,制定合理的产业发展战略,实施正确的社会化规划,实现新区各部分的有机成长,构建体系化的新区服务网络来促进产城融合。     

产城融合视角下工业园区发展规模预测与分析

通过回顾国内外产城融合的相关文献,运用耦合系统模型,对南昌经开区、南昌小蓝开发区和南昌高新区工业化与城镇化的耦合关联度和耦合发展度进行测定,以南昌高新区2006-2012年主要经济指标为样本,运用灰色预测模型对拟建的龚杏产业城经济规模进行预测。分析发现,高新技术型园区产城融合的关联度和发展度优于综合型园区。因此,拟建的龚杏产业城将以高新技术型园区为发展方向,在促进产业集聚和经济效益的同时注重基础配套服务设施建设,建设产城融合的新型园区。     

新城镇化建设中如何从产业集群迈向创新集群

一、产业集群与城镇化的关系 城镇化是“人类生产与生活方式由农耕文化向工业文明转变…是第二、第三产业在城镇集聚,农村人口向非农产业和城镇转移…的经济与社会发展过程。”我国新型城镇化建设提出“以产促城、以城聚产、产城融合”。指通过产业发展促进城镇化,在城镇地域空间集聚产业．实现产业化与城镇化的融合。     

长三角产城融合水平测度、时空特征及驱动因素——基于修正后耦合协调度模型的研究

基于长三角地区2003—2020年41个城市的面板数据，运用修正后的耦合协调模型、空间相关性检验、标准差椭圆、地理探测器等方法，测度该地区产城融合度，并分析其时空特征及驱动因素。研究发现：长三角产城融合进程由产业发展主导、城镇功能及人口集聚支撑，总体不断抬升并呈现出东高西低渐进演变的特点；区域内产城融合发展不平衡，各城市步调差异较大，但单个城市产城融合度不断提升；经标准差椭圆分析，产城融合度重心先由常州市西移至南京市，再向东移，最后向西北移动；研究期内，长三角产城融合度空间分布趋于集中，并具有显著空间溢出效应；制造业发展、信息化程度、人均GDP、医疗服务及教育资源水平为产城融合的主要驱动因素。     

Optimality results on orthogonal arrays plus <Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis> runs for <Emphasis Type="Italic">s</Emphasis><Superscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">m</Emphasis></Superscript> factorial experiments

The optimality of designs obtained by adding p runs to an orthogonal array is studied for experiments involving m factors each at s levels. The optimality criterion used here, is the Type 1 criterion due to Cheng (1978) which is an extension of Kiefer (1975) universal optimality criterion. Unlike what happens with orthogonal array plus one run designs, the behavior of designs obtained via augmentation of an orthogonal array by p runs depends on the particular runs added.     

Inference by the <Emphasis Type="Italic">m</Emphasis> out of <Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis> bootstrap in nonparametric frontier models

It is well-known that the naive bootstrap yields inconsistent inference in the context of data envelopment analysis (DEA) or free disposal hull (FDH) estimators in nonparametric frontier models. For inference about efficiency of a single, fixed point, drawing bootstrap pseudo-samples of size m < n provides consistent inference, although coverages are quite sensitive to the choice of subsample size m. We provide a probabilistic framework in which these methods are shown to valid for statistics comprised of functions of DEA or FDH estimators. We examine a simple, data-based rule for selecting m suggested by Politis et al. (Stat Sin 11:1105–1124, 2001), and provide Monte Carlo evidence on the size and power of our tests. Our methods (i) allow for heterogeneity in the inefficiency process, and unlike previous methods, (ii) do not require multivariate kernel smoothing, and (iii) avoid the need for solutions of intermediate linear programs.     

Measuring process capability index <Emphasis Type="Italic">C</Emphasis><Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">pm</Emphasis></Subscript> with fuzzy data

The process capability index C _pm , which considers the process variance and departure of the process mean from the target value, is important in the manufacturing industry to measure process potential and performance. This paper extends its applications to calculate the process capability index [(C)\tilde]_pm{\tilde {C}_{pm} } of fuzzy numbers. In this paper, the α-cuts of fuzzy observations are first derived based on various values of α. The membership function of fuzzy process capability index [(C)\tilde]_pm{\tilde {C}_{pm} } is then constructed based on the α-cuts of fuzzy observations. An example is presented to demonstrate how the fuzzy process capability index [(C)\tilde]_pm{\tilde {C}_{pm} } is interpreted. When the quality characteristic cannot be precisely determined, the proposed method provides the most possible value and spread of fuzzy process capability index [(C)\tilde]_pm{\tilde {C}_{pm} }. With crisp data, the proposed method reduces to the classical method of process capability index C _pm .     

Maximal Rank Minimum Aberration Foldover Plans for 2<Superscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">m</Emphasis>-<Emphasis Type="Italic">k</Emphasis></Superscript> Fractional Factorial Designs

Two level regular fractional factorial designs are often used in industry as screening designs to help identify early on in an experimental process those experimental or system variables which have significant effects on the process being studied. In a recent paper, Li and Lin (2003) suggested a strategy for constructing optimal follow up designs using the well known foldover technique and the minimum aberration criterion. In this paper, we extend the results of Li and Lin (2003) by giving an alternate technique for constructing optimal follow up designs using the foldover technique in conjunction with the maximal rank–minimum aberration criterion suggested in Jacroux (2003).     

Top-<Emphasis Type="Italic">k</Emphasis>-lists

Top-k-lists are introduced as sequences of k-dimensional random vectors with ordered components being k largest observations from a sequence of independent identically distributed random variables. Such lists changing in time are natural stochastic models of ranking tables which appear in many situations in real life, when one wants to keep a track of several best results in a given field. Here we study basic properties of top-k-lists as joint distributions, conditional structures, representations, driving examples of top-k-lists from exponential and uniform distributions, asymptotics and a relation to generalized order statistics.     

Bayesian estimation of log odds ratios from R × C and 2 × 2 × K contingency tables

In this paper, Bayesian estimation of log odds ratios over R × C and 2 × 2 × K contingency tables is considered, which is practically reasonable in the presence of prior information. Likelihood functions for log odds ratios are derived for each table structure. A prior specification strategy is proposed. Posterior inferences are drawn using Gibbs sampling and Metropolis–Hastings algorithm. Two numerical examples are given to illustrate the matters argued.     

¿Está adoptando Asia la «flexiseguridad»?

Incitados por la competencia mundial, muchos países están adaptando la reglamentación laboral al principio de la «flexiseguridad>>, que da a las empresas más flexibilidad para contratar y despedir a los trabajadores, al tiempo que ampara a éstos cuando deben pasar de un empleo a otro. El presente estudio de seis países asiáticos indica que China y República de Corea han promulgado reformas de este género; Singapur y Malasia han implantado algunos elementos de «flexiseguridad>>, pero no un seguro de desempleo, y la India y Sri Lanka han hecho pocas reformas y mantienen un modelo anticuado en el que la protección depende de la empresa. Para prestar apoyo a los trabajadores del sector informal, China, India y Sri Lanka se valen de obras públicas y de programas de fomento del trabajo por cuenta propia y de formación profesional.     

The ‘science’ and ‘practice’ of HRM in small firms

This paper looks at the ‘science’ and ‘practice’ of human resource management in small firms. While there is growing evidence that the practice of human resource management in small firms is characterized by informality, there is less evidence about the science, or explaining why this is the case. We look to writing on strategic human resource management, which has at its heart the resource based view of the firm, for possibilities offered to understanding the science of human resource management in small firms.     

‘Repeat commercializers,’ the ‘habitual entrepreneurs’ of university–industry technology transfer

Among academic faculty, is there a class of ‘repeat commercializers’ who account for a disproportionate share of commercialized technologies arising from university research? In a survey of 172 engineering, mathematics, and science faculty members from a major Canadian university, we found evidence that a class of repeat commercializers does exist. Further, we found that the 12% of the faculty who are repeat commercializers account for 80% of the commercialized innovations. Interviews with repeat commercializers in the same faculties at the same university suggest that repeat commercializers parallel habitual entrepreneurs in that they have the ability to commercialize (i.e. the ability to generate and identify commercializable inventions and the ability to acquire resources for the commercialization of their inventions) and the aspiration to do so (i.e. commercialization-friendly attitudes). Since repeat commercializers account for such a large percentage of commercialization activity, it is important that programs and policies associated with technology transfer address the needs of this subpopulation of the faculty.