Redistribution and Subsidies for Higher Education

The financing of higher education through public spending imposes a transfer of resources from taxpayers to university students and their parents. We provide an explanation for this phenomenon. Those who attend institutions of higher education will earn more income in the future and will pay more taxes. People whose children do not receive higher education, however, should agree to help pay the cost of such education, providing that taxes are sufficiently high to ensure an adequate redistribution in favor of their own children at some time in the future.
JEL classification : D 71; H 21; H 52     

The impact of NCAA men’s basketball probations on the quantity and quality of student applications and enrollment

Collegiate sports programmes have been characterized as the front porch of a university, serving to publicize the institution and draw students to the door. Previous research in this area has indicated a positive correlation between athletic success and the quantity and quality of students attending the university. Conversely, we seek to analyse if athletic malfeasance, as measured by NCAA probations of men’s basketball programmes, negatively affects either the quantity or quality of students at a university. Our findings suggest that while basketball probations do not change the overall quantity of applications nor enrolment at a university, there is a significant adverse impact on the quality of freshman enrolling at the university as measured by Scholastic Aptitude Test scores. Our finding suggests that athletics do indeed serve as a front porch to a university and that athletic sanctions in men’s basketball have a detrimental effect on the average quality of students attending a university.     

The allocation of China’s higher education talent (2003–2013)

Using the job placement data of college graduates, we document the allocation of college-educated skilled labour in China during 2003 and 2013. We find that public sectors (governments and state-owned enterprises) enjoy a privileged position in absorbing the most talented in the labour market in contrast to the difficulties that domestic private enterprises suffer. The appeal of the public sectors does not come from the monetary salaries offered at the entry level.     

中国教育发展、实际投资与实际收入的动态关系

本文在对中国教育发展和实际投资、实际收入的结构分析的基础上,运用中国1952-2004年的实际数据,首次运用协整和误差修正模型对中国人力资本的存量、实际收入和实际投资三变量之间的动态关系进行实证研究.结果显示:中国人力资本对实际收入和实际投资具有显著的正面效应,人力资本、实际收入与实际投资之间存在长期关系;基础教育是实际投资和收入的格兰杰原因;教育相对于实际投资而言在解释实际收入时占据更为重要的地位.     

结构功能理论及其在高等教育研究中运用的综述

结构功能主义于20世纪50-60年代在西方社会学界占据统治地位,是分析社会系统与功能的有效理论。通常认为,结构功能主义起源于欧洲功能主义理论流派,以孔德、斯宾塞、涂尔干等古典社会学家的思想为基础,以生物有机理论为前提,后经过帕森斯和默顿两位代表人物的发展,逐渐成熟。结构功能主义倾向于将社会看作是一个统一的整体,其中各个部分都发挥着应有的功能,从而达到整个社会的和谐发展。这一理论在其兴盛时期也被用作对于高等教育,尤其是比较教育的分析,并且在教育公平和教育的社会功能等方面也都有广泛的运用。文章主要对结构功能主义的理论进行阐述,同时概括这一理论在教育社会分析中的应用。     

高职学生创业意愿影响因素实证研究

文章基于实地调研数据和多元回归模型等,对我国当代大学生创业意愿(EI)问题进行了研究和综述,报告了目前国内外大学生创业的研究现状。通过采用问卷调研法,文章对391名江苏省高职院校经管类专业学生进行了影响当代大学生创业意愿的因素调研,发现个性特征、创业敏感度、恒心毅力、自我效能、主观规范等因素与当代大学生创业意愿关系比较密切。实证研究结果表明:独立性格者其创业意愿相对较强;创业敏感度、恒心毅力及自我效能较强者其创业意愿较强;主观规范对创业意愿显著正相关;重经济保障者其创业意愿较弱等。文章的研究结论,从创业人员分类管理、创业课程体系建设与改革等方面给出了相关的建议,为我国鼓励大学生创业提供了保障。     

Point shaving: Corruption in NCAA college football?

Several recent studies suggest the presence of point shaving in NCAA college basketball. While similar asymmetric incentives between athletes and gamblers exist, evidence for point shaving in college football does not appear to exist.     

To each according to their ability? Academic ranking and salary inequality across public colleges and universities

This article compares the salary structure of tenured and tenure-track faculty across schools within the university systems of North Carolina and New York. Specifically, we establish a positive relationship between school prestige and salary inequality, both overall and within specific academic ranks. This result suggests that the value to teaching is less discipline-specific than the value to research output. Marked differences in the aforementioned statistical linkage across academic ranks also confirm prior speculation that junior faculty salaries are more closely tied to academic value than senior faculty salaries.     

民族地区高校与一般高校大学生满意度比较研究——以西藏和辽宁高校大学生满意度为例

文章基于西藏高校学生满意度584份问卷与辽宁省高校学生满意度1989份问卷的比较样本数据及其构建的满意度指数模型,阐述了民族地区高校与一般高校大学生满意度比较的价值,分析了西藏高校与辽宁省高校学生满意度比较的可能性。通过采用比较研究的方法,比较了西藏高校与辽宁高校大学生满意度的具体内容和满意度指数模型的路径系数,得出了西藏高校大学生满意度高于辽宁高校大学生满意度;西藏高校大学生群体因民族、生源地、是否西藏内地班等因素不同满意度存在较大差异性;西藏高校与辽宁高校大学生满意度指数模型潜变量关系存在差异性等结论。最后提出了提升民族地区高校与一般高校大学生满意度的对策与建议。     

Professional ‘amateurs’ in the NCAA: the impact of downstream demand

We argue that student-athletes are amateur in title only; they are actually professional athletes in all accounts of their actions. This occurs because of the downstream demand of their athletic success: coaches are paid professionals. As a paid professional, these coaches are held accountable for the performances of their team, i.e. they are hired and fired based on this performance. Within the constraints of the National Collegiate Athletic Association guidelines, coaches make the rules for their athletes, which the athletes are required to follow. As such, the athletes themselves are professionals acting under professional incentives and are amateurs in title only.     

高学历"追逐症"与失业的经济学分析--一个基于斯宾塞劳动力市场模型的研究

文章从信息不对称的角度,通过对斯宾塞劳动力市场模型的发展,建立了一个针对高学历“追逐症”与失业的博弈模型,并对此进行了均衡和福利分析。分析结果表明,信息不对称是高学历“追逐症”和高学历人才失业问题的重要成因,降低高能力者受教育的成本、提高劳动力市场和教育市场的竞争度以及使学校教育更切合生产实际,能有效缓解高学历追逐和失业问题,减少社会教育资源无效消耗和社会效用损失。     

高校多媒体教学勿“喧宾夺主”

在高等院校，多媒体技术的教学应用日益广泛和深入。然而，存在着忽视“辅助”的宗旨、忽视课堂教学的灵活性和学生学习的自主性、盲目“拿来”、使用“过度”、照本宣科、排挤其他传统媒体、忽视板书等问题。为此，文章建议，要充分发挥多媒体教学的优势，应在更新教育观念、，鼓励教师研制开发多媒体教学课件、加强教师培训、和建立科学的多媒体教学监控与评价机制等四个方面做好工作。     

区域经济与优质高教资源相关性分析

市场经济条件下,教育资源的数量和质量是形成一个国家不同区域社会经济发展差距的重要原因之一,而优质教育资源的差异化分布更是决定一个地区经济特点及区域经济发展核心竞争力的主要制约因素。本文从内涵性质量展示的独特视角界定了优质教育资源概念及其构成,以1999-2008年的区域经济数据为基础,对我国东中西部三大区域经济发展现状及特点进行比较分析;通过对东中西部三大区域人口、GDP、高等院校、专任教师、本专科招生等五项指标进行比较,分析普通高等教育资源在三大区域配置及经济发展相关性;最终选取国家级重点高校、985工程高校、211工程高校等八项优质教育资源要素,揭示优质教育资源配置非均衡性问题及三大区域高等教育人才供求的特征。     

基于现代大学制度下的高校社会责任研究

改革开放以来,随着高等教育规模的逐步扩大,高校经历了由政治导向性向法人治理结构的逐步转变,无论是政府部门还是社会公众,高校的利益相关者对高校的社会责任履行情况越来越备受关注。近年来,我国高等教育呈现市场化、社会化发展态势,但是高校社会责任建设却远远落后于高校的发展。文章在探讨建设现代大学制度重要性的基础上,基于利益相关者理论,采用层次分析法从责任管理、人才培养、科研能力、社会服务四个维度构建高校社会责任评价指标体系,并以N大学2009-2013年数据为样本来分析高校发展中存在的问题,探究高校在现代社会发展中应承担的社会责任并有针对性地提出政策建议。     

Heterogeneous effects of merit scholarships: do program features matter?

This paper examines the role of program features in determining the effectiveness of merit scholarships on educational outcomes using data from the 2009 to 2014 American Community Survey. Exploiting the variation in the timing of program adoption as well as program features across states, I find that leniency of academic requirements for initial eligibility largely contributes to program effects on associate’s degree completion, whereas generosity of scholarship amount significantly increases college attendance and bachelor’s degree completion. The estimates also indicate that lower requirements for scholarship renewal appear to positively affect the likelihood of completing a degree in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics fields (STEM). The findings suggest that leniency and generosity are important determinants of program effectiveness on educational outcomes. It is thus relevant to take program features into account when designing merit scholarships.     

大学生职业成熟度模糊综合评价研究

大学毕业生能否实现顺利就业并达到职业满意,是中国高等教育发展过程中面临的一个重要课题.而大学生职业成熟度的高低直接影响着大学生未来的职业选择和职业成功,因此本文在国内外职业成熟度文献研究的基础上,从择业价值观、职业目标、职业信息、职业自信、自我认知、择业依赖6个维度构建大学生职业成熟度综合评价体系,并运用模糊数学理论和基于主成分的熵权值赋权方法,建立大学生职业成熟度模糊综合评价模型和职业成熟度计算方法,本文通过应用实例验证了大学生职业成熟度模糊综合评价结果的可行性和实用性,从而得出了具有借鉴和指导意义的结论.