Parental Education and Child Health: Evidence from China*

This paper examines the effect of parental, household and community character‐istics on the health of children in China. We find that birth order, death of elder siblings, use of prenatal care and alcohol consumption by the mother when pregnant have statistically significant effects on the health of children. Although parental education does not have a significant direct effect on child health, it does affect mothers’ behavior during pregnancy and inflfluences the use of health inputs, indirectly impacting the health of children. The research findings have important implications for both family planning programs and broader social policies in China.     

Impacts of Ownership Balance and Nonexecutive Directors on Bank Performance and Risk Taking: Evidence from City Commercial Banks in China

This paper investigates the impacts of nongovernmental stake, ownership balance, and nonexecutive directors on bank performance and risk taking in city commercial banks (CCBs) in China. We find that ownership balance can improve CCBs’ financial performance and reduce their bankruptcy risk as well as nonperforming loan level. Nonexecutive directors can help reduce bankruptcy risk, but have no significant effect on performance or nonperforming loans. The impacts of ownership balance and nonexecutive directors become more prominent when the nongovernmental stake is relatively high, suggesting that mixed ownership reform can promote bank performance and risk control via these two avenues.     

子女教育与农户消费：基于8省微观面板数据的经验研究

本文利用来自中国8省农户的微观面板数据测算了子女教育对于农户消费的影响。经验研究的主要发现包括：1．有在校子女的农户人均消费支出比没有在校子女的农户平均要低10％左右,并且在校子女越多,农户人均消费的下降的幅度越大;2．非义务教育阶段子女教育对农户的负担明显加重,有子女上大学的农户,比其他有在校子女但未在大学的农户人均消费水平还要低14％左右;3．越是贫困的组别,子女教育对于农户消费的影响越是强烈,在收入五等分组的最低组别,1个在校子女使得其人均消费降低15％左右,而在最为富裕的两个组别则对农户消费没有显著影响。     

Impact of a Senior High School Tuition Relief Program on Poor Junior High School Students in Rural China

A significant gap remains between rural and urban students in the rate of admission to senior high school. One reason for this gap might be the high levels of tuition and fees for senior high school By reducing students＇ expectations of attending high school, high levels of tuition and fees could be reducing student aeademic performance in junior high schools. In this paper we evaluate the impacts of a senior high tuition relief program on the test scores of poor rural seventh grade students in China. We surveyed three counties in Shaanxi Province and exploited the fact that, while the counties are adjacent to one another and share similar characteristics, only one of the three implemented a tuition relief program. Using several alternative estimation strategies, including difference-in-differences, propensity score matching and difference-in-differences matching, we find that the tuition program has a statistically significant and positive impact on the mathematics scores of seventh grade students. More importantly, this program is shown to have a statistically significant and positive effect on the poorest students in the treatment group compared to their wealthier peers.     

重大突发公共卫生事件下思想政治教育社会心态调适功能研究

重大突发公共卫生事件下社会成员负面心态突出表现为应激状态下的心理失序、信息激荡下的行为失控、价值冲击下的伦理失范等样态。在此背景下,思想政治教育应借助其价值导向功能、思想转化功能、心理疏导功能、规范约束功能以凝聚社会中成员共识、矫正偏差认知、抵御负面心态、转变过激行为,保证公众具备积极社会心态应对危机。思想政治教育社会心态调适功能的实现需以党的领导为政治引领,以生命至上为价值准则,以尊重科学为重要支撑,通过思想宣传工作、心理育人环节、正面信息供给、法治精神培养等渠道协同发力,从而有效培育理性平和的社会心态。     

韩日农村教育对我国农村人力资源开发的启示

介绍了韩、日两国在农村教育方面的成功经验,分析了我国农村人力资源开发的现状和问题,并在借鉴韩、日两国经验的基础上给我国农村人力资源开发提出一些建议。     

百年炮火中的未竟之学——对民国时期国际关系研究与教学的回溯

作者凭借史料,并参考、评价和补充既有学术史研究成果,对民国时期的国际关系学进行回溯。作者首先聚焦学术著作、教材和大学课程设置,认为民国时期国际关系学形成于国际关系史学和国际法学的基础之上、并逐渐朝多元化发展的过程演进,中国的国际关系学科是在20世纪30年代形成的。其次,文章考察了20世纪30年代中国期刊发表外交论文情况,以《外交月报》与《外交评论》为考察对象,重点探讨了民国学者在外敌压境下,放眼国际形势、关注国际格局、思考中国问题,在舆论界发出学术界的声音,尝试以智识指导舆论。国际关系学在民国时期的发展始终与国家的命运相联系,在百年炮火之下,国人眼界逐步放宽,学界亦秉持务实的精神,为实现中国之自由与平等,从被动学习到主动研究,从了解世界到救亡图存,在西学与中学交汇、政治与公众之间寻求自身的平衡点。百年前的未竟之学,要求我们对整个国际关系加以深入的研究,从而建立起一个完整的国际关系学。     

学校教育投资、家庭内知识外部性与农户收入回报：来自苏北农村的证据

本文运用苏北农村农户层面的微观数据,并结合农业生产和农户家庭特征,来估计农民的教育回报率。农户以家庭为单位进行联合劳动的特征导致农户收入贡献的不可分性以及家庭内教育投资具有正的外部性,使得个人教育投资回报小于家庭回报。然而,由于家庭内部更多成员的教育投资的外部性具有递减的特征以及婚姻市场存在的匹配现象,可能会出现由知识拥挤带来的教育投资过度问题。本文的实证分析表明：农户家庭内成员的教育投资的确存在外部性;教育投资回报会随着受教育人数的增加而减少;农村婚姻中存在教育匹配效应;户主配偶的教育投资存在动态不足。     

财政科教支出对就业及产业结构调整的影响——基于CGE模拟分析

在人口红利即将消失之际,我国就业问题呈现较为复杂的趋势。全球性的经济危机促使我国产业结构急需转型。在创新驱动、科教兴国战略和人才强国战略背景下,观察财政科教支出对就业及产业结构调整的影响具有重要意义。本文构建了一个在复杂现实背景下分析财政科教支出对就业及产业结构调整影响的CGE模型,模拟在人口城镇化过程中财政科教投入分步骤达到发达国家水平时各产业就业和增加值的变化。结果显示:财政科教支出对就业尤其是第三产业就业具有显著正向促进作用,对于住宿和餐饮等劳动密集型产业的影响尤其明显。科教支出有利于解决在城镇化过程中、人口红利期即将结束等现实条件下的就业问题。同时财政科技和教育投入对于促进产业结构转型具有推动作用,加速了向第三产业转型,使得我国的产业结构和就业结构更加合理。     

Occupational Segregation and its Effect on Estimates of the Gender Wage Differential: Evidence from Brunei

This paper investigates the impact of the different occupational distributions of the gender groups on the gender wage differential in Brunei. We disaggregate occupational differences into explained and unexplained portions as this can provide better estimates of across-occupation and within-occupation wage differentials. Using data from the Brunei 1995 Labor Force Survey report, results indicated that the gender wage difference is approximately 60%. Unlike other studies, it is found that in Brunei the unexplained portion of occupational segregation has had an impact on gender wage differentials and accounts for approximately one-third of the observed gap. Interestingly, the unexplained component of the within-occupation gap is relatively less than in some developed economies. This is attributed to the effects of the large public sector in Brunei and its regulated pay scales.     

上市公司总经理更替与董事会特征的实证研究

本文以2002—2004年间我国A股上市公司为研究对象,实证研究了上市公司总经理更替的影响因素。本文的研究发现,上市公司总经理更替受企业绩效影响非常显著;董事会领导权结构影响了董事会在总经理更替中有效性的发挥;独立董事基本不能发挥监督控制作用。本文的研究结果表明,政府监管层对上市公司独立董事比例的强制性制度安排在提高董事会监督效率上基本是无效的,上市公司存在比较明显的“弱”董事会和“弱”独立董事问题。     

城乡统筹中农村劳动力转移影响因素研究综述

实现城乡统筹兼顾、协调发展是我国当前的重要任务,而农村劳动力转移是我国实现工业化和城乡统筹必须面对的重大课题。参考近年国内已有劳动力转移的研究成果,结合我国农村剩余劳动力转移的特点,回顾了国内农村劳动力转移研究中有关农村劈动力转移影响因素的现状,并对众多学者的研究进行了归纳分析和评述。     

技术进步、效率增进对我国出口贸易结构影响机制研究——基于技术含量角度的实证分析

本文利用引入交互项的方法,将技术进步和效率增进及其引发的规模经济和要素重置效应引入统一的研究框架,重点考察了技术进步和效率增进对不同技术附加值制造业行业出口贸易结构的影响及影响机制,并对行业技术结构的适宜性进行评价。结果显示,技术和效率在出口中的作用已明显超越要素投入,结构升级路径得到优化。中、高技术附加值行业的技术进步与效率增进贡献之间存在显著差距,说明技术进步与要素禀赋不相适应,出口未能实现最佳技术结构。技术进步和效率增进通过规模经济和要素重置效应对各行业出口的影响十分微弱。     

西部地区城郊农户宅基地退出意愿与影响因素——以乌鲁木齐市为例

农村宅基地有偿退出是我国推进新型城镇化、解决城乡用地问题的关键举措之一,对推动城乡融合和乡村振兴具有重要意义。依据新疆乌鲁木齐市城郊农户调查资料,对调研结果进行统计并建立Logistic二元回归模型,对新疆地区农户宅基地退出的意愿、特点及影响因素进行分析。研究表明:(1)农民退出宅基地的积极性不高,在给予退出补偿的前提下愿意退出的只占39.7%;(2)由于农民对宅基地的资本价值预期较高,以及退出补偿标准缺乏弹性,大多数农民对当前的宅基地退出补偿政策存在不满;(3)农民的从众心理和宅基地退出成功者的示范效应对宅基地退出有显著的促进作用;(4)农民退出宅基地缺乏动力,不合理的退出补偿政策和不完善的社会保障制度是重要影响因素。