我国企业制度演变中的城市土地制度变迁分析

本文详细分析了建国以来城市土地制度从国有划拨制到出发制和租凭制这一制度变迁过程中,企业制度演变对城市土地制度变迁的影响,着重分析了在企业改制过程中,城市土地市化处置面临的困难和各种处主式的特点和产权制度基础。认为企业制度变迁是引致我国城市土地制度变迁的一个重要外生条件,与土地国有制和现代市场经济相适应的城市土地使用包括划拨制、出让制和租赁制等多种形式,进一步完善城市土地使用制度就必须在法律上严格规     

影响农民工市民化的主要障碍分析

农民工作为我国城市化进程中形成的一种特殊的群体，它是指常年和大部分时间在城市务工，其职业角色是工人，但户籍仍在农村，其社会身份依然是农民的一部分特殊群体。是农民向市民转化过程中所形成的一个特殊的社会阶层。所谓“农民工市民化”，是指城市农民工在身份、地位、价值观、社会权利以及生产、生活方式等方面，由传统农民向现代市民转化的社会过程。这一转化是传统农民脱胎换骨走向现代文明的过程，是推进社会历史进步的过程，也是实现我国现代化目标的过程。积极实现这一转化，加快农民工市民化，不仅是我国现代社会结构变迁的必然趋势，也是我国现代化、城市化发展的必然要求；同时还是促进我国经济持续、快速和健康发展，全面实现小康社会的重大战略举措；是实现农村剩余劳动力转移和增加农民收入，促进农村经济社会发展和农业现代化建设，全面解决“三农问题”的有效途径；也是确保社会稳定和国家长治久安的重要保证。总之，     

农民工市民化的“黄山路径”

农民工市民化是指进城务工的农民逐步转化成为市民、最终扎根城市生活。真正意义上的农民工市民化是农民工从农业到非农的职业转化、从农村到城市的地域转移、从农民到市民的身份转化和从农民文化价值观到市民文化价值观转变的综合变化过程,而农民工介于农民和市民的中间身份,是完成从农民到市民＂华丽转身＂的关键和支点。黄山市农民工市民化的经济社会效益黄山市作为中部省份的山区地带,经济发展在安徽居于中等,人口偏少。     

加强人力资本投资与提升农民工群体参保能力的对策

农民工的社会保障问题实际上是在农村富余劳动力向城市转移过程中,如何实现从传统的土地保障向现代化社会保障制度转换的问题.这个问题解决得好,会大大促进农民向城市的转移,加快城市化、工业化的进程,推动中国社会从城乡分割走向城乡协调发展.因此,本文尝试以劳动经济学中的人力资本投资理论为指导,就如何提升农民工群体的参保能力这一问题进行对策探讨.     

我国农村土地产权的制度变迁

农村土地产权是影响农民生产行为的重要制度因素。文章从制度变迁的角度对我国土地产权制度进行了分析。总结了家庭承包经营制度在建国后所历经的一系列变革,在论述其现状的基础上分析了家庭经营的制度缺陷。在农业产业化和市场经济的条件下,近年来家庭承包经营制度进行了制度创新,出现了土地股份合作社这种新的经济组织形式。文章介绍了土地股份合作社的制度设置,并分析了这一制度安排的优势。     

现代化进程中农民身份的制度变迁探析

农民问题是中国革命和建设的根本性问题。建国以来,伴随土地制度的改革和经济社会的转型,农民身份制度也经历了多次变迁,每一次变迁意味着农民身份有新的内涵。在中国现代化的进程中,从现实意义和理论价值上来说,研究农民身份转化及制度变迁都是必要的。     

对我国市场化进程中制度变迁的思考

我国农村经济中以诱致性变迁为基础的制度变迁之所以取得较大成功，主要是因为农民对改革的预期收益较有把握和路径选择成本低。但面对家庭承包责任制向农村经济的高度市场化改革，诱致性变迁就缺乏条件。城市经济中的强制性变迁选择虽有充足理由，但由于没有充分考虑到市场经济制度环境的建设和城乡统一大市场的要求，其改革的成效并不显著。应当从建立全国城乡统一市场的要求出发，把强制性变迁与诱致性变迁有效结合起来，加快我国社会主义市场经济体制建立和完善的进程。     

浅析农民工问题对农村剩余劳动力转移的影响

农村剩余劳动力转移是21世纪我国实现工业化和现代化的必然趋势,对我国经济和社会的发展起着重要的作用,但是目前农村劳动力素质普遍偏低,劳务输出无竞争力,农民工社会保障制度不健全,户籍制度对劳动力向城市转移的制约等等一系列问题都成为了农村剩余劳动力转移的制约,其中农民工的本身受教育程度低,法律意识淡薄,以及农民_T-的合法权益得不到保障等问题都对农村剩余劳动力向城市转移有着重要的影响。     

我国高等教育财政投入制度变迁的研究

一、我国高等教育财政的强制性制度变迁制度变迁是指创新主体为实现一定的目标而进行的制度重新安排或制度结构的重新调整。它是制度的替代、转换、交易与创新的过程。实际上,制度创新和制度变迁就是权利和利益的转移和再分配,即权利的重新界定。在高等教育财政体制改革之前,有效制度供给处于严重短缺的状态。制度对高等教育发展的作用日益突出。在强制性制度推行方式中,制度的需求者在决定制度的数量和形式上完全是被动的,但对于制度需求的迫切程度一定意义上表达了在不同制度要求水平上的供给所造成的经济影响。从建国之初到改革开放的近3…     

农民工城市融入的主体性构建

以农民工为主体视角,从理论和实证两个方面的对农民工城市融入问题进行了深入的分析。结果表明,收入、居住条件是农民工与市民交往的前提条件,城市中的农民工只有通过购买"入场券"的方式,才可能接近市民,最终完成向市民的转变。最后,从制度建设、农民工人力资本投资、保障房布局、构建城市社会网络等方面相应地提出政策建议。     

Can self-employment activity contribute to ascension to urban citizenship? Evidence from rural-to-urban migrant workers in China

The ascension to urban citizenship and assimilation into urban life for rural to urban migrant workers is a pressing mission during the current process of rapid urbanization in developing China. However, the issue of how self-employed migrants, who account for up to 25 percent of total migrant workers in 2009 (Meng, 2012), acquire urban citizenship remains understudied. Using a unique sample from the 2009 Rural to Urban Migrants in China (RUMiC) survey, this paper explores whether self-employment choice contributes to migrant workers' ascension to urban citizenship and integration, and uncovers the underlying mechanisms. We find that although self-employed migrants are capable of earning a higher income, and improving their living conditions, their tendency to reside permanently in the city is not significantly different from their counterparts of wage workers. We argue that self-employed migrants, who are less covered by urban social securities and are more discriminated against by current urban household registration (Hukou) system, tend to lose faith in ascension to urban citizenship. It implies that a social security system with self-employed migrants being covered as well as an urban Hukou admission system favoring diverse human capital (especially taking into account entrepreneurship) would help accelerate the urbanization process.     

知识产权产业:高层次竞争的优势产业

知识产权产业是具备高层次竞争优势的产业。其产品交易能极大节约成本提高效益;弥补技术贸易的缺陷,造就永不枯竭的利润源头;知识产权产业可借助品牌知名度越做越强。因此世界列强千方百计抢占知识产权产业的制高点,获得经济竞争中的绝对优势。知识产权产业发展将引起世界新的分工,少数拥有知识产权绝对优势的国家成为"脑部"机构,主宰着世界经济的发展和利益分配;而绝大多数不具备知识产权优势的国家将沦为全球化大工厂的体力工人,以简单劳动形式获取微薄的价值补偿。     

人力资本对农民工市民化能力提升的影响机理

加快农业转移人口市民化是适应新时代新型城镇化发展的必然要求,农民工自身的市民化能力不足是制约当前市民化进程的主要因素。将农民工市民化能力划分为三个层次,即城市进入、城市生存和城市融合。通过研究人力资本与农民工市民化能力提升的影响机制及作用机理,提出新时代促进农民工市民化能力提升的对策建议。     

Can Simple Informational Nudges Increase Employee Participation in a 401(k) Plan?

We report results from a field experiment in which a randomized subset of newly hired workers at a large financial institution received a flyer containing information about the employer's 401(k) plan and the value of contributions compounding over a career. Younger workers who received the flyer were significantly more likely to begin contributing to the plan relative to their peers in the control group. Many workers do not participate in their employers' supplemental retirement savings programs, even though these programs offer substantial tax advantages and immediate returns due to matching contributions. From a survey of new hires, we find that many workers choose not to contribute to the plan because they have other financial priorities. However, some nonparticipants lack the financial literacy to appreciate the benefit. These findings indicate that simple informational interventions can nudge workers to participate in retirement saving plans and enhance individual well‐being and retirement income security.     

从“社会责任”到“企业公民”的演变

文章在梳理从"企业社会责任"到"企业公民"理论演变的基础上,分析了"企业公民"较之于前者更符合企业的社会存在本质和特性进而提出"企业公民"责任的履行必然依赖于其权利的保障。     

农民工享有城镇养老保险的实际操作与政策建议

按照我国现行城镇企业职工基本养老保险制度,对个人缴费不足15年的参保人员不予发放基础养老金,这一规定存在缺陷,不仅限制了农民工的参保,同时也使已经参保的农民工仍然被排除在有效保障范围之外。为改变这一现状,应尽快修改相关制度规定,将个人缴费不足15年的职工纳入基础养老金发放范围,实行按缴费年限系数由参保地计发基础养老金的新机制,在社会保险法中规定职工参加基本养老保险的待遇保障办法,加快研究和制定新型城镇职工基本养老保险制度。     

新生代技术工人何以铿锵有力？——可雇佣能力对其角色外绩效的影响

新生代技术工人是中国先进制造业领域的中坚力量。基于社会认知理论,以新生代技术工人为研究对象,探究其可雇佣能力与组织公民行为之间的关系。研究发现：新生代技术工人的可雇佣能力对组织公民行为有显著正向影响;工作投入调节可雇佣能力与OCB-I之间的关系,即当新生代技术工人的工作投入越高时,可雇佣能力与OCB-I的正向关系越强;工作投入不能显著调节可雇佣能力与OCB-O的关系。     

Micro-credit initiatives for equitable and sustainable development: Who pays?

There is a growing acknowledgement that micro-credit programs have potential for equitable and sustainable development. However, my anthropological research on the micro-credit program of the Grameen Bank shows that bank workers are expected to increase disbursement of loans among their members and press for high recovery rates to earn profit necessary for economic viability of the institution. To ensure timely repayment in the loan centers bank workers and borrowing peers inflict an intense pressure on women clients. In the study community many borrowers maintain their regular payment schedules through a process of loan recycling that considerably increases the debt-liability on the individual households, increases tension and frustration among household members, produces new forms of dominance over women and increases violence in society.     

论西方现代管理效率的演进历程

一切社会进步的基础,是增长了的技术的效率,从一定量的劳动得到更大的效果。现代文化中受到最严格保护的价值标准之一是生产率,这个观念也许比任何其他观念更多地表达了现代工业文明中的生存态度。回顾西方现代管理效率的演进历程,基本可以分为以下六个阶段:技术效率阶段、制度效率阶段、行为效率阶段、系统效率阶段、文化效率阶段、综合效率阶段。     

Developing Social Citizenship？ A Case Study of Education and Health Services in Yantian Village of Guangdong Province

Social policy is an indispensable element of rule and China’s current leadership has moved policy to a more inclusive system based on a notion of citizenship.The extension of social welfare provision is examined through a case study of education and health care in the South China village of Yantian.Yantian lies at the core of the Pearl River Delta,which has become a key link in the global reorganization of manufacturing and production.Consequently,the village is home to some 80 000 migrant workers who complement the 3000 registered inhabitants.A study of education and health-care provision reveals that in terms of equity, registered villagers enjoy significant advantages in seeking welfare resources.Although living in the same village,the two groups inhabit "different worlds." However,provision, while selective,has become more inclusive.The present research suggests that "social citizenship " will precede "political citizenship."