弱凝胶体系碳酸钠浓度对有机铬体系交联时间的实验研究

弱凝胶是通过低浓度的聚合物以及交联剂形成的分子间和分子内交联体系.弱凝胶体系成胶时间主要受聚合物与交联剂浓度比,聚合物浓度等因素影响外还受配置水碳酸钠含量的影响.本文通过室内实验室研究探究碳酸钠浓度对延长有机铬体系交联时间的影响.     

一种调剖用聚合物微球的合成及性能评价

以丙烯酰胺单体水溶液为水相、环己烷为油相、Span80和Op-10为乳化剂,采用反相乳液聚合的方式,制备出了一种具有体积膨胀功能的调剖剂-聚合物微球。研究了油/水质量比、乳化剂用量、单体总浓度、交联剂用量、引发剂用量、引发温度等因素对聚合物微球有效含量的影响。结果表明,聚合物微球在模拟注入水中15天(60℃),膨胀15倍,在模拟地层水中15天(60℃),膨胀11倍。     

论深度调剖用酚醛树脂胶联剂的合成与性能

用苯酚与甲醛为原料,以氢氧化钠为催化剂,合成酚醛树脂交联剂。该交联剂与聚丙烯酰胺中的酰胺基作用,形成凝胶。所形成的凝胶具有一定的粘、强度,成胶粘度大,具有一定压力下的流动性和稳定性,与多种聚合物都有很好的配伍性,可有效地、大幅度地提高聚合物溶液的粘度,改善聚合物的抗温、抗盐、抗剪切性能。     

耐温耐盐调驱体系NHTP的评价及应用

介绍了一种新的耐温调驱剂体系NHTP,并对该耐温调驱剂的调驱性能进行了评价。评价结果表明,该调驱体系在130℃以下、矿化度小于100 000 mg/L环境中具有稳定的成胶性能,成胶时间介于8~15 h之间,成胶强度大于21 000m Pa·s。5口井现场试验结果表明NHTP对中高低渗及大孔道油藏均具有良好的堵塞性,在高温油藏调驱领域具有良好的应用前景。     

三次采油用聚合物黏弹性评价新方法

黏弹性是影响聚合物驱油效率的重要因素。在聚合物常规理化性能检测标准中,没有关于聚合物黏弹性的检测指标。采用CaBER毛细管拉伸断裂流变仪测试聚合物溶液流体丝直径随时间变化曲线,用Exponential模型对曲线进行拟合,拟合的松弛时间可以作为评价聚合物溶液黏弹性大小的技术指标。对水解聚丙烯酰胺、疏水缔合聚合物和高分子表面活性剂的实验研究证明,该评价方法具有样品用量少、操作简便、检测数据重复性高的优点。此外,对采用该方法所适用的聚合物溶液体系及实验条件进行了研究。结果表明:采用聚合物溶液浓度为500mg/L比较合适,在测试前需要对其进行过滤;实验温度应控制在45℃。     

生物流化床处理乙二醇废水的工业试验研究

介绍了三相生物流化床装置处理乙二醇废水的工业试验情况.结果表明,在pH5.5 ～10.5,温度25 ～ 30℃,进水化学需氧量(COD)为1 000 ～3 000 mg/L的条件下,处理后的污水COD小于500 mg/L,废水中COD去除率可达到89％.     

凝胶高压恒温流动试验仪的研制与应用

利用聚合物凝胶(包括CDG)进行堵水和驱油是一项较新的三次采油技术。随着此项技术的应用，逐渐发现日前聚合物凝胶体系的计价方法和手段尚不完善。尤其是成胶性能的评价均是在常压静止状态下完成的，采用这种方法计价凝胶体系，不能模拟地层中高压流动的状态，取得的实验结果往往与现场试验效果不符。针对这个问题，研制了     

LH2500聚合物驱油体系中聚合物浓度检测方法研究

聚合物驱是目前提高采收率的重要方法之一,准确检测驱油体系中聚合物的质量浓度对于保证驱油效率非常重要。在相同注入量的条件下,LH2500聚合物驱油体系的含水下降幅度和采收率提高值均优于同区其他的普通聚合物驱油体系,但现场应用时发现次氯酸钠浊度法不能检测其浓度。通过分析元素和影响因素,采用提高检测用试剂浓度的方法对次氯酸钠浊度法进行改进,建立了LH2500聚合物驱油体系中聚合物浓度的检测方法。检测条件为乙酸浓度为5mol/L、次氯酸钠溶液的体积分数为2.5%,用量均为10mL。应用改进后的次氯酸钠浊度法检测配制体系聚合物溶液和注入井口聚合物溶液,检测准确度为95%以上,变异系数分别为1.03%和1.50%,满足化验检测要求。     

羧甲基交联魔芋胶的制备

以魔芋胶为原料，戊二醛为交联剂，氯乙酸为醚化剂，乙醇为溶剂，开展羧甲基交联魔芋胶的制备及性能进行实验研究。考察反应时间、反应温度、氢氧化钠用量、乙醇用量和氯乙酸用量对羧甲基交联魔芋胶取代度的影响。采取沉降积法测定魔芋胶的交联程度，酸碱反滴定法测定羧甲基交联魔芋胶的羧甲基含量。实验表明，制备羧甲基交联魔芋胶较佳反应条件为：反应时间5 h，反应温度45℃，氢氧化钠用量20%，乙醇用量70%，氯乙酸用量25%。     

基于拉曼光谱的类金刚石薄膜的热稳定性研究

利用阴极真空弧放电设备制备了表面光滑的类金刚石薄膜材料,通过多波长激发的拉曼光谱研究了不同退火条件下所制薄膜的热稳定性。实验结果表明,在小于400℃的温度处理下,类金刚石薄膜微观结构几乎不发生变化,薄膜处于稳定区;当温度升高至600℃,微观结构开始发生微妙的变化,认为处于亚稳定区;当温度升至800℃甚至1 000℃时,类金刚石薄膜的微观结构发生显著变化,薄膜开始出现石墨化,物理性质不能保持稳定。     

增强Linux系统安全性的措施

L inux系统的安全取决于系统管理员如何来管理它。本文探讨了一系列可以增强安全性的技巧与策略 ,包括 :系统安装原则、BIOS安全、口令安全策略、设计帐户自动注销功能、文件系统和日志安全策略、使用 SSH及 TCP-WRAPPERS,隐藏系统信息、删除所有特殊帐户、关闭控制台程序、限制系统中的 SUID/ SGID程序等。本文最后向 L inux系统管理员提出了一些安全管理方面的建议     

CIS与现代企业管理美学

概括性介绍了 ＣＩＳ（Ｃｏｒｐｏｒａｔｅ Ｉｄｅｎｔｉｔｙ Ｓｙｓｔｅｍ）的三大基本组成，并阐述了它与现代企业管理密不可分的相互联系及所处的举足轻重的地位，指出导入ＣＩＳ是现代企业谋求发展的重要手段。     

Divergent patterns of engagement in Internet standardization: Japan,Korea and China

This article analyzes the engagement of Japanese, Korean and Chinese participants in the development of Internet standards at IETF on the basis of four quantitative metrics: attendance, patenting, authorship and leadership. The results are strikingly divergent. Japanese involvement in Internet standardization began early and Japan was, for many years, second only to the U.S. in terms of IETF participation. Though Japanese participation has declined since the early 2000s, Japan remains a major contributor to IETF standardization. Korean involvement in IETF has always been significant, but below the levels of Japan and major European countries. Korean participation in IETF has also declined over the past decade, and has been dominated by one firm, Samsung. Though meaningful Chinese involvement in IETF did not begin until the mid-2000s, it has rapidly expanded in recent years. Today, China is a major player in numerous areas of Internet standardization in terms of three metrics (participation, patenting and leadership), and is rapidly gaining in terms of document authorship as well. Most of China׳s recent IETF involvement can be attributed to Huawei, though other Chinese firms have recently begun to increase their participation in the organization. Thus, contrary to some views that China׳s engagement with standardization is primarily one of indigenous innovation and “catching up”, China׳s experience with IETF demonstrates deliberate and effective engagement with a major Western standards-development organization on its own terms.     

Comparing FTTH access networks based on P2P and PMP fibre topologies

There is an ongoing discussion in the market which Next Generation Access (NGA) architecture best suits future needs and which investment and cost differences exist. The discussion can be subsumed as P2P vs. GPON, which is somewhat misleading as this article reveals. The discussion is driven by the fact that the high capital cost and the long asset life time of fibre mean that the technology choices made today will dominate the opportunities for telecommunication business of all market players, incumbents, competitors, content providers and business and residential users for many years in the future.The paper analyzes the cost and other differences between Fibre-to-the-Home (FTTH) access network architectures and their related different wholesale approaches by using the well-known and understood steady state approach applied in other NGA analyses in the past. In addition to the steady state analysis a dynamic cost evaluation is included taking into account the different investment behaviour of the FTTH architectures over time. The results describe investment and cost differences between architectures, incumbents and wholesale based competitive operators. The analysis has been performed for different geotypes (clusters) of decreasing population density in a representative European settlement structure.     

快速成形技术的应用及热点分析

基于快速成形技术的原理,展示了快速成形技术在快速模具制造、金属零件直接成形、反求工程等领域的广泛应用,总结了快速成形制造技术研究的热点,即研发新材料和新设备、提高成形精度、建立RPM的反求工程系统、建立成形技术的统一标准和扩大成形技术的应用领域。     

Whose Image is it Anyway?: Some Considerations of the Curricular Importance of Subject Image in Secondary School Design and Technology Education

This paper explores the idea that a sense of school subject image is a necessary feature of curriculum management and a potent force for change. The discussion centres on the view that all school subjects have an image and that if those intimately involved with the subject do not control the image then someone else does! In such circumstances the image is the product of past encounters and old euphemisms and is unlikely to hold the changed realities.The UK developments in Design and Technology education (the term Design and Technology is used to denote the school subject defined under this heading by the UK National Curriculum, 1995) have created something of an image problem which has interesting international parallels. Some of these problems are due to clearly discernible internal tensions and an ambiguous relationship with other subject areas.Through greater attention to subject image internal controversies might be acknowledged and resolved, relationships with other subject areas can be more meaningfully understood and practitioners can be helped to make sense of curriculum change.     

Diffusion and usage of public e-services in Europe: An assessment of country level indicators and drivers

We analyze the state of the art of indicators on e-government, e-health, e-procurement and e-participation. We survey the main methodological properties of these indicators, and highlight their heuristic potential. Further, we address empirically the issue of the explanation of the availability scores, i.e. how the supply of the various e-services in each country is affected by political, institutional and socio-economic differences, and is followed by actual usage. The econometric analysis uncovers the importance of broadband penetration and higher education as drivers for most of the types of e-services and users (citizens and businesses). Moreover, a corruption-free and agile public sector proves to be an important pre-condition for more effective supply and usage. Despite data limitations and the complexity of the underlying diffusion phenomena, our study is the first truly longitudinal contribution aimed at disentangling the common drivers of such an important phenomenon – the e-services availability and usage across European countries. As such, this work appears useful to inform the policy debate and practice, in a phase characterized by a prospective reorientation of the public e-services provision and policy agenda.     

一种高精度的频率标准比对系统

频率标准源可以提供精确的标准频率,在测定频率标准源的各项性能指标时,要求测试系统必须具有很高的比对精度。所设计的频率标准比对系统采取多级倍频 混频方式使频率偏差逐级扩大后再测量,从而避免了直接进行高次倍频的困难,提高了测量精度,可以对高精度的频率标准的准确度、长短期频率稳定度进行快速测量,是一种高精度时畴参数测量系统。     

Indigenous peoples’ nutrition transition in a right to food perspective

In indigenous communities the nutrition transition characterized by a rapid westernization of diet and lifestyle is associated with rising prevalence of chronic disease. Field work and literature reviews from two different policy environments, Argentina (Jujuy) and Canada (Nunavut), identified factors that add to indigenous peoples’ disease risk. The analytical framework was the emerging human right to adequate food approach to policies and programmes. Indigenous peoples’ chronic disease risk tends to increase as a result of government policies that infringe on indigenous peoples’ livelihoods and territories, undermining their economic system, values and solidarity networks. Policies intended to increase food security, including food aid, may also fuel the nutrition transition. There is a need to explore further the connection between well-intended policies towards indigenous peoples and the development of chronic diseases, and to broaden the understanding of the role that different forms of discrimination play in the westernization of their lifestyles, values and food habits. Food policies that take due account of indigenous peoples’ human rights, including their right to enjoy their culture, may counteract the growth of chronic disease in these communities.     

HSE走进中国石油

企业管理水平的好坏直接影响着企业的经济效益,运用HSE管理能提高企业管理水平,HSE管理模式将健康,安全,环境三者视为一个有机的整体。HSE管理认为人的安全是第一位的,人是创造财富的原动力,是企业的最大财产,HSE管理体系强调的是“蝴蝶效应”。