谈工程项目的索赔管理

随着国家计划经济向市场经济的彻底转变，工程项目参与各方越来越重视工程索赔工作。由于工程项目施工阶段的不确定因素多，在合同履行过程中，建设项目中的工程变更及索赔几乎是不可避免的。要加强索赔管理，必须正确理解索赔的概念、性质，了解产生索赔的原因，熟悉索赔的程序和处理方法。     

浅议对建设工程中索赔原因和预防的深入分析

本文论述了在建设工程中合同违约和索赔的问题，通过约定奈款的分析后，挖掘出相应的预防对策和索赔的技巧，为行业内的索赔开辟了通行的管理方法，以期望能对建筑业的管理工作能起一定的参考作用。     

论我国法院对民间对日索赔案件的管辖权问题

随着国际社会呼声高涨，我国战争受害者积极寻求对日赔偿。以往，我国公民向日法院提出索赔时屡遭驳回，导致对日法院索赔无望。此时，寻求其他方法获得赔偿显得尤为重要。于是，战争受害者将眼光投向国内，希望通过我国法院的管辖来获得索赔。本文从我国法院对民间对日索赔管辖的必要}生入手，阐述我国法院受理对日索赔案件的依据和面临的挑战，也为我国法院开展对日索赔案件的审理出具了相关建议。     

水电工程建设合同索赔与反索赔管理

工程索赔是建筑工程管理和建筑经济活动中承发包双方之间经常发生的管理业务。在水电工程施工承包合同履行过程中，普遍存在承包方要求的施工索赔，发包人和监理工程师进行反索赔的现象。施工索赔和反索赔是发包商和承包商在工程项目施工过程中正常的业务往来，对促进建筑业的发展，起着非常重要的作用。     

监理工程师索赔管理相关理论分析

建设工程在施工阶段始终处于一个开放的系统中，对于规模大、工期长、结构复杂的工程项目，系统内部和系统外部及自然界的不可抗力等因素均能对系统造成影响，给承包商和业主的经济利益带来损失。本文在提出施工索赔概念、索赔的分类、管理依据及处理程序的。监理工程师要做好对施工索赔的处理，要正确认识施工索赔的特征，熟悉索赔处理的原则、程序。主要对对监理工程师索赔管理进行了分析。     

承包商工程索赔预测模型的应用

应用LM算法人工神经网络对承包商工程索赔进行预测。在此基础上,通过研究工程中引起索赔的各种因素,建立了基于LMBP神经网络的非线性系统,并利用该网络模型来预测工程索赔出现的可能性,结果表明,LM算法可以解决工程索赔的预测问题,而且算法快,精度高,是运用人工神经网络预测工程索赔的较好网络。     

论电力施工企业工程索赔策略

火电施工企业要生存和发展，要在激烈的市场竞争中立于不败之地，就必须不断创新管理模式，提高管理方式。其中工程索赔是企业管理方式之一，是获取企业利润最大化的有效途径。该文阐述了工程索赔的定义、特点以及在施工中的重要性，分析了造成工程施工索赔可能发生的因素，提出了火电施工单位如何加强工程管理以实现有效的工程索赔，以及工程索赔的策略和意义。     

浅谈施工企业的工程索赔及方法

在建筑工程施工过程中，索赔是一个繁琐的过程，具有可变因素多、持续时间长等特征。由于施工过程中可能遇到各种困难或问题，而在合同中没能一一提出，业主在其中占有优势，对施工企业的合法权益造成威胁。这就需要施工企业提高索赔意识，通过索赔方法维护自身合法权益，获得工程应有权益。     

浅谈工程项目的索赔管理

索赔在工程项目建设中是不可避免的，本文从工程建设承包方角度看，对产生索赔的原因、索赔的依据等方面进行了分析研究，并通过对索赔过程当中应注意的问题入手，对工程项目的索赔提出相关建议。     

浅谈施工索赔

在工程施工过程中，索赔几乎是不可避免的。施工单位既要抓住索赔机会，也要按照索赔程序，有理有据才能索赔成功。     

BAYESIAN ANALYSIS OF AGGREGATE LOSS MODELS

This paper describes a Bayesian approach to make inference for aggregate loss models in the insurance framework. A semiparametric model based on Coxian distributions is proposed for the approximation of both the interarrival time between claims and the claim size distributions. A Bayesian density estimation approach for the Coxian distribution is implemented using reversible jump Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods. The family of Coxian distributions is a very flexible mixture model that can capture the special features frequently observed in insurance claims. Furthermore, given the proposed Coxian approximation, it is possible to obtain closed expressions of the Laplace transforms of the total claim count and the total claim amount random variables. These properties allow us to obtain Bayesian estimations of the distributions of the number of claims and the total claim amount in a future time period, their main characteristics and credible intervals. The possibility of applying deductibles and maximum limits is also analyzed. The methodology is illustrated with a real data set provided by the insurance department of an international commercial company.     

Perceived Ethicality of Insurance Claim Fraud: Do Higher Deductibles Lead to Lower Ethical Standards?

Insurance claim fraud costs insurance companies, policymakers, and taxpayers billions of dollars every year and has been described as the second largest white collar crime. The most common insurance fraud activity and one that contributes a significant portion of dollar losses is the practice of padding claim amounts in the event of a loss. One of the largest issues insurance companies face is that policyholders often do not perceive insurance claim padding as an unethical behavior. However, very little research has examined the factors that contribute to such perceptions. Considering how consumers often attempt to justify fraudulent behavior from a fairness perspective, the present work examines how the amount of the deductible in an insurance claim situation can influence feelings of fairness and ethicality. The results of an experimental study show that higher deductible amounts result in stronger perceptions that insurance claim padding is fair to the insurance company, weaker perceptions that the behavior is unethical, and higher proposed claim award amounts. The study also shows, however, that the deductible amount effects are attenuated for consumers who display higher ethical standards as reflected by their scores on the consumer ethics scale. Implications are discussed with respect to the insurance industry, deviant consumer behavior, and general business ethics theory.     

Relationship exit in different legal environments: a cross-cultural analysis

The current work adopts the theoretical perspective of migration models to pinpoint causes that may lead consumers to exit and compares two contrasting cultural contexts, Spain and Venezuela, in the area of car insurance. Whereas in Spain consumers are conscious of, and very much adhere to, the legal requirement to obtain car insurance, Venezuelan legislation is more lenient and consumers consistently fail to comply with compulsory car insurance law. When comparing these commercial settings, we highlight differences in the impact of factors inducing consumers to exit a relationship and factors attracting them to other suppliers.     

责任保险第三人直接请求权的价值定位及其抗辩分析

随着责任保险在损害救济中的重要性越来越高,以保护受害人权益为宗旨的责任保险第三人直接请求权制度也越来越受到理论与实务的关注,然而有关直接请求权的理论学说与各国立法实践的多样化加大了选择适当的直接请求权立法模式的难度。本文从分析各种理论学说以及立法模式之间的一般性差异入手,探究导致这些差异的深层次原因,以期从根源上为直接请求权的建构提供参考。     

Perceptions of the Ethicality of Consumer Insurance Claim Fraud

It was proposed that ethical evaluation of insurance claim padding behavior would be affected by characteristics of the policyholder, insurance agent, and company. These three factors were manipulated in written scenarios and the premise was tested in a factorial experimental design. No significant support was found for an effect of any of the three factors on ethical perceptions of claim padding. However, females found claims padding to be significantly less ethical than males. Given a claim scenario where the actual loss was $500 and the claimed amount was $3000, subjects awarded an average of $986.91 on the claim. Many respondents were willing to compensate victims for intangible losses as well as tangible losses.     

Institutional activism in the early American automobile industry

A common proposition is that new industries gain constitutive legitimacy through claim making by institutional activists. Yet, neoinstitutional research seldom analyzes the effects of claim making on the formation of new organizations, and how the effect of claim making is moderated by other sources of constitutive legitimacy: advertising, legal recognition, and a policy regime favorable to business. I explore the relationship between claim making by activists and new organization building in a study of the early American automobile industry, when auto clubs organized reliability contests to validate the automobile. The results show that the visibility of reliability contests within the focal state increased foundings of car firms in the state, but that this effect diminished with advertising, legal recognition of the car, and the existence of a business friendly governor in the focal state. Taken together, these results demonstrate that claim making is crucial in the early phase of gaining legitimacy for new industries.     

Testing the Market Integration Process in the European Car Sector: Evidence from Pricing‐to‐market Behaviour

In this study, we investigate the process of the European car market integration by analysing the evolution of cross‐country differences in the degree of pricing‐to‐market behaviour of United Kingdom exporters. We estimate these country differences by exploiting statistical information for pre‐tax retail prices and for export unit values. Conclusions from both independent data sets are, in general, quite consistent. Results support the claim that, in the period before the Block Exemption Regulation (1400/2002) came fully into force, international price discrimination was an important source of car price dispersion within the euro area. For a more recent period, we found that estimated deviations in pricing‐to‐market behaviour across destinations have become lower. This convergence suggests that car market integration was progressively improved at the end of the last decade.     

浅析工程机械保险市场现状和对策

随着近年来中国工程机械行业的快速发展,工程机械设备保险业务日渐增多,其风险状况令人关注。与此同时,其市场现状也呈现出区域不平衡等不容乐观的现象。为完善工程机械保险业务,从业者应修订、完善条约,增强市场吸引力;约定承保条件,做好风险管控;建立理赔数据库,完善培训考核制度;建立专营队伍,提升核心竞争力;开发后援系统,强化技术保障。     

Wages,Health Insurance and Pension Plans: The Relationship Between Employee Compensation and Small Business Owner Income

Small business owners claim that their ability to provide higher wages and more frequent employee health insurance and pension benefits is severely constrained by the profitability of their firms. This paper examines the proposition that employee wage levels, provision of employee health insurance, and sponsorship of an employee pension plan are associated with small business owner income. A large trade-association survey supplies the data for the inquiry. Regression analysis (OLS and logistic) demonstrates that all three forms of employee compensation are tied to business owner income. Further, the business owner income variable "washes out" the generally accepted relationship between size of business and wages, though not the relationships between size of the business and the presence of health insurance nor between the size of business and the presence of pension benefits. The regressions also indicate that unit costs of health insurance and pension benefits are higher for those employing 10 or fewer and 20 or fewer respectively compared the other small businesses.